• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.275-279
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• 2004

This study was done to detect the topographic and terrain change of the vicinity of the west coast. To make the basic map of the change in topology and terrain, the mosaic images were made using the images from the satellite, which were given the geometric correction based on the GCP (Ground Control Point) and DEM (Digital Elenation Model) data. The accuracy of the images was examined by .empaling them with CCP through 1:25,000's digital map. After that, among the resultant images of the 1970s and 2000s, those of Sihwa, Hwaong and Ansan, the lands reclaimed by drainage were compared to observe the change in the area. From this study, the accuracy of the images of the west coast from satellite could be acquired and the change of the topology and terrain was detected effectively. From the results, it was known that, in case of the land the topological change was not so big due to the development in the reclaimed land or the bare land. In Sihwa, the size of the land was increased 180 $\textrm{km}^2$ and that of the seashore was decreased 110 km. in Hwaong the size was increased 50 $\textrm{km}^2$ and in Ansan the city space was increased 71 $\textrm{km}^2$ due to the formation of the industrial complex.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify minimum datasets for ulcer assessment and to map the minimum datasets to paper-based nursing records for pressure ulcer care in homecare setting. Methods: To identify minimum datasets for pressure ulcer assessment, the authors reviewed four guidelines for pressure ulcer care. The content validity of the minimum datasets was assessed by three homecare nurse specialists. To map the minimum datasets to nursing records, the authors examined 107 pressure ulcer events derived from 45 pressure ulcer patients who received home nursing from two hospitals in Gyeonggi Province. Results: The minimum datasets for initial assessment were anatomical location, stage, size, tissue, exudate, condition of periwound skin, undermining, odor, and pain. 'Location' was recorded best, accounting for a complete recording rate of 98.1%. 'Exudate' and 'pain' showed the poorest record, accounting for 2.8% and 0%, respectively. The minimum datasets for progress assessment were wound size, tissue, and exudate, each accounted for 31.8%, 2.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that data on pressure ulcer assessment was not sufficient homecare and it can be improved by adopting minimum datasets as identified in this study.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

A set of experiments of counter-current flow limit (CCFL) was performed to improve the drawbacks of Wallis' correlation which neglected the effects of channel size, channel length, injection method and the boundary conditions at the inlet of liquid and gas phase. In this study, CCFL was observed by changing the shape of porous plate using air and water. The results show that as the size of porous increases, CCFL with a round shape of the porous plate start to disappear, In this study, the CCFL correlation was calculated and the corresponding CCFL map was developed based on the experimental results.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.406-414
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose 128bits chaotic block encryption scheme using a PLCM(Piece-wise Linear Chaotic Map) having a good dynamical property. The proposed scheme has a block size of 128 bits and a key size of 128 bits. In proposed scheme we use four 32bi1s sub-keys of session key and four 32bit sub-blocks of block to decide the initial value and the number of iteration of PLCM. The encrypted code is generated from the output of PLCM. With results of test and analyses of security we show the proposed scheme is very secure against statistical attacks and have very good Avalanche Effect and Randomness properties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 1998

Landcover has been largely influenced by human activities, especially in recent days. The analysis of the change of land use by urbanized development is useful for determining development plan hereafter. This study aimed to the quantitative analysis about the urban sprawl within 12 years from 1985 to 1996, at Chonan, and for extracting the characteristics of change. For this purpose, this study performed land cover classifications using Landsat TM data . A hybrid classification method was used to classify satellite images into seven types of land cover. Road network digitied from 1:25,000 topographic map was rasterized and overlaid on the landcover map. A result of this study showed that area of forest and paddy decreased due to urban sprawl. Especially from 1993 to 1996, the change of land use progressed rapidly because of merging a city and a country in Chonan. The size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form. It is a general progress that size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form. It is a general progress that the forest have changed the paddy and bare land paddy and bare land have changed low-density urban or high-density urban. This explained how urbanized Chonan was and applied the suggeston of plan in landuse with the result of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1135-1140
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• 2007

This paper proposes an edge-based text region detection algorithm using the adaptive character-edge maps which are independent of the size of characters and the orientation of character string in natural images. First, labeled images are obtained from edge images and in order to search for characters, adaptive character-edge maps by way grammar are applied to labeled images. Next, selected label images are clustered as for distance of its neighbors. And then, text region candidates are obtained. Finally, text region candidates are verified by using the empirical rules and horizontal/vertical projection profiles based on the orientation of text region. As the results of experiments, a text region detection algorithm turned out to be robust in the matter of various character size, orientation, and the complexity of the background.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.295-309
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• 2009

In this study, an iterative maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach using a Bayesian model of Markovrandom field (MRF) was proposed for despeckling images that contains speckle. Image process is assumed to combine the random fields associated with the observed intensity process and the image texture process respectively. The objective measure for determining the optimal restoration of this "double compound stochastic" image process is based on Bayes' theorem, and the MAP estimation employs the Point-Jacobian iteration to obtain the optimal solution. In the proposed algorithm, MRF is used to quantify the spatial interaction probabilistically, that is, to provide a type of prior information on the image texture and the neighbor window of any size is defined for contextual information on a local region. However, the window of a certain size would result in using wrong information for the estimation from adjacent regions with different characteristics at the pixels close to or on boundary. To overcome this problem, the new method is designed to use less information from more distant neighbors as the pixel is closer to boundary. It can reduce the possibility to involve the pixel values of adjacent region with different characteristics. The proximity to boundary is estimated using a non-uniformity measurement based on standard deviation of local region. The new scheme has been extensively evaluated using simulation data, and the experimental results show a considerable improvement in despeckling the images that contain speckle.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.385-394
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• 2001

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out in the greenbelt around Seoul, Korea's metropolis. By means of aerial photographs and a field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing this vegetation map and the results of phytosociological survey. Landscape element types identified were (1) secondary forest, (2) plantation, (3) cultivated field, (4) urbanized area, (5) graveyard, and (6) bare rock. Vegetation units, resulting from the phytosociological analysis, included Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, and Alnus japonica communities. Plantations were composed of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, P. rigida, Larix leptolepis, P. koraiensis, and Castanea crenata stands. Patches near to human settlements in the lower zones of the mountains were fragmented and small but they became larger towards the higher mountain zones. On the other hand, the number of patches was fewer and their size was larger in Mt. Cheonggye more distant from the principal residential area, larger in size, and higher in elevation compared with the other 2 mountains, Mt. Daemo and Mt. Acha. Floristic composition of Mongolian oak(Q. mongolica) stand distributing in the upper part of each mountain, in which artificial interference is rare, showed a difference among those study areas different in parent rock and disturbance regime. But that of black locust(R. pseudoacacia) stand located in lowland of mountainous area, in which artificial interference is frequent was similar to each other. As the results of analyses on the frequency distribution of diameter classes of major species, dominant landscape elements, Mongolian oak forest showed different responses depending on artificial interference as continuous maintenance and retrogressive succession in the sites far from and near to the residential areas, respectively. On the other hand, black locust stands showed a probability to be restore to the native oak forest through progressive succession.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.97-99
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• 2003

Lineament density maps can be used for the quantitative evaluation of relationship between lineaments and groundwater occurrence. There are several kinds of lineament density maps including lineament length density, lineament cross-points density, and lineament counts density maps. This paper reports the usefulness of the representative elementary area (REA) concept for lineament analysis. This concept refers to the area size of the unit circle to calculate the lineament density factors distributed within the circle: length, counts and cross-points counts. The circle is a unit circle that calculates the sum of the lineament length, lineament counts and the number of cross-points within it. The REA is needed to obtain the best representative lineament density map prior to the analysis of relation between lineaments and groundwater well yield or other groundwater characteristics. A basic lineament map for the Yongsangang-Seomjingang watershed of Korea, drawn from aerial black-and-white photographs of 1/20, 000 scale was used for demonstrating the concept. From this study, the conclusions were as follows: (1) the REA concept can be efficiently applied to the lineament density analysis and mapping, (2) for whole Yongsangang-Seomjingang watershed which has 6, 502 lineaments with an average lineament length of 3.3 km, the lower limits of each REA used for drawing the three density maps were about 1.77 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=750 m) for lineament length density, 7.07 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=1, 500 m) for lineament counts density, and 4.91 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=1, 250 m) for lineament cross-points density, respectively, (3) the lineament densities are inversely proportional to the size of REA, and the REA can be calculated with this inversely linear regression model, (4) if the average lineament density values for the whole study area are known, the most accurate density maps can be drawn using the REAs obtained from each linear regression model, and (5) but critical attention should be paid to draw lineament counts density and lineament cross-points density maps because.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2014

Background: Scanning of the genome for selection signatures between breeds may play important role in understanding the underlie causes for observable phenotypic variations. The discovery of high density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide a useful starting point to perform genome-wide scan in pig populations in order to identify loci/candidate genes underlie phenotypic variation in pig breeds and facilitate genetic improvement programs. However, prior to this study genomic region under selection in commercially selected Berkshire and Korean native pig breeds has never been detected using high density SNP markers. To this end, we have genotyped 45 animals using Porcine SNP60 chip to detect selection signatures in the genome of the two breeds by using the $F_{ST}$ approach. Results: In the comparison of Berkshire and KNP breeds using the FDIST approach, a total of 1108 outlier loci (3.48%) were significantly different from zero at 99% confidence level with 870 of the outlier SNPs displaying high level of genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}{\geq}0.490$). The identified candidate genes were involved in a wide array of biological processes and molecular functions. Results revealed that 19 candidate genes were enriched in phosphate metabolism (GO: 0006796; ADCK1, ACYP1, CAMK2D, CDK13, CDK13, ERN1, GALK2, INPP1; MAK, MAP2K5, MAP3K1, MAPK14, P14KB, PIK3C3, PRKC1, PTPRK, RNASEL, THBS1, BRAF, VRK1). We have identified a set of candidate genes under selection and have known to be involved in growth, size and pork quality (CART, AGL, CF7L2, MAP2K5, DLK1, GLI3, CA3 and MC3R), ear morphology and size (HMGA2 and SOX5) stress response (ATF2, MSRB3, TMTC3 and SCAF8) and immune response (HCST and RYR1). Conclusions: Some of the genes may be used to facilitate genetic improvement programs. Our results also provide insights for better understanding of the process and influence of breed development on the pattern of genetic variations.