• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of animal stable manure on the dry matter yield, botanical composition, crude protein content rates, in vitro digestibility and soil characters with treatments, which were divided into cattle manure, swine manure and poultly excreta of 375 and 750kg/lOa, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A comparison made on the grass yield for one year period following the termination of the experiment did not indicate any signification in the yield of dry matter difference between chemical fertilizer treatment and 750kg/10a of organic manure. 2. Botanical composition was not shown an increasing of weed or bare land in organic manure of 375 and 750kg/lOa application during the whole period of growth. 3. Crude protein content and in vitro digestibility were shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure application. 4. Crude protein yield in organic manure of 750kg/10a was not a large difference compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. 5. Soil composition of organic manure had higher than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment, which was shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure. 6. Therefore, It was suggested that the effect of organic manure on dry matter yield, botanical composition was similar to chemical fertilizer treatment and soil composition of organic manure had higher organic matter, available phosphate, potassium and C.E.C than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.22.1-22.15
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• 2016

Background: Dietary manipulation is a common practice to mitigate gaseous emission from livestock production facilities, and the variation of fat level in the diet has shown great influence on ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and enteric methane generation. The changes in dietary fat levels influence rumen chemistry that could modify manure nutrient composition along with odor and gaseous emissions from manure management facilities. Methods: A field experiment was carried out on beef cattle feedlots to investigate the effect of four levels of dietary fat concentrations (3 to 5.5 %) on the manure composition and gaseous emissions (methane-$CH_4$, nitrous oxide-$N_2O$, carbon dioxide-$CO_2$ and hydrogen sulfide-$H_2S$) from the feedlot pen surface. The experiment was carried out over a 5-month period from June to October during North Dakota's summer-fall climatic condition. Air and manure sampling was conducted five times at a 20-30 day intervals. Results: Overall, this research indicated that fat levels in diet have no or little effect on the nutrient composition of manure and gaseous emission from the pens with cattle fed with different diet. Though significant variation of gaseous emission and manure composition were observed between different sampling periods, no effect of high fat diet was observed on manure composition and gaseous emission. Conclusions: It can be concluded that addition of fat to animal diet may not have any impact on gaseous emission and manure compositions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.703-708
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• 2021

To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out during the period from September, 1997 to October, 1998 to determine the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) application on the herbage production on a mixed pasture in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. Split plot design (main plot: 3 nitrogen application levels of 0, 150 and 300 kgiha; sub plot: 4 pig sawdust manure levels of 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonha) was used. Plant height and dry matter yield increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen and FSP level. There was no difference in the botanical composition of grasses as affected by FSP application level, but herbage yields of grass species were increased by nitrogen application compared to that without nitrogen application. Botanical composition of white clover decreased with an increase of nitrogen application, but increased with an increase of FSP application level. Percentages of weeds were not affected by application rates of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and swine manure in the mixed species pasture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of species in the pasture significantly increased with increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, it would be an optimum to apply 150 kgha of inorganic chemical fertilizer and plus either 3 or 6 toniha of fermented swine manure with sawdust for optimum production of mixed pasture on Cheju Island. (Key words : Herbage production, Botanical composition, Morphology, Plant mineral contents)

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.65-73
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• 2001

Animal manure and manure compost produced from livestock farms are widely applied in crop lands. Leachate and runoff water from them are presumed to be one of the major sources of water quality deterioration in rural streams. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate water quality characteristics and loading of leachate obtained under rainfall simulation. Manure composts for the experiments were collected from beef cattle farms, dairy farms, and pig farms. Water quality parameters include SS, COD, TN, and TP. Most parameters of leachate from pig manure compost was higher than others. Both TN and TP concentrations were reflecting the composition of manure itself. It is recommended, therefore that the leachate from the manure composts should be controlled not to be discharged into streams.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1997

Composting has recently become popular as a means of recycling swine manure into products for sale off the farm, but bulking agent(usually sawdust) are expensive and availability is limited. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash as a bulking agent on the composting of swine manure and to analyze the effective substitution rate of fly ash mixed with swine manure for sawdust. Fly ash was able to be substituted for sawdust and the most effective substitution rate are 50% of sawdust. According to the results the advanced research and development are required, the effect of swine manure with fly ash on the soil properties, forage composition and animal performance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.993-997
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the structure and composition (i.e., pH, moisture, total-N, pathogens, and volatile fatty acids) of broiler and duck manure treated with larvae of three insect larvae, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer. Hatched Tenebrio molitor (n=300), Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and Ptecticus tenebrifer (n=300) were used in this study; specially, the larvae were divided into six treatments with three replicates. The treatments were as follows: T1: 110 g broiler manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T2: 110 g duck manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T3: 125 g broiler manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T4: 125 g duck manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T5: 105 g broiler manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50), and T6: 105 g duck manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50). For all the larval treatments, the following results were observed: The moisture content of the duck manure treat with three insect larvae was higher than that of the broiler manure (p<0.05), whereas broiler manure had a higher pH (p<0.05). In addition, the total nitrogen content of broiler manure was higher than that of duck manure (p<0.05). However, the insect larvae did not significantly affect pathogens (E.coli and Salmonella) and the volatile fatty acids (p>0.05). In conclusion, the use of the three insect larvae to create organic nitrogen compost using poultry manure is feasible.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.219-231
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• 2024

Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2011

To establish the organic cultivation of pepper using green manure crops, this work studied the growth characteristics and yield of green manure crops, mineral composition of green manure crops, mineral uptake in shoots of green manure crops, chemical composition in soil of green manure crops, and the growth characteristics and yield of pepper in vinyl house. Shoot dry weight of green manure crops was higher level in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. Also, the roots were spread deeply into soil in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum. Density of root-knot nematodes in rhizosphere of green manure crops was significantly more decrease in Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum than in Glycine max and Sorghum bicolor. Total nitrogen and CaO content of green manure crops was significantly higher in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max than in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum. $K_2O$ content was significantly higher in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. MgO content was not significant difference at all green manure crops. Cations content ratio of $K_2O$ : CaO : MgO was 3.4 : 1.4 : 1. Total nitrogen uptake in shoots of green manure crops was high level in Glycine max, Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum compared with in Crotalaria juncea. $K_2O$ and MgO uptake was significantly higher in Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum than in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max. Value of pH in soil of green manure crops was more increase in Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max than in Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum and control, but after cultivation of pepper pH in soil was recovered with initial soil pH before seeding of green manure crops. EC value in control, green manure crops, and pepper cultivation decreased by 44%, 15~18%, and 38~61% level, respectively, compared with initial soil of green manure crops treatment. K content in soil of control, Crotalaria juncea and Glycine max cultivation was increased by 14%, but the K content in soil of Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum decreased by 24~38%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil of Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum bicolor decreased by 11%, but CEC in soil of Glycine max, Sorghum and control increased by 11%. Harvest fruit yield was higher in Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max, and Sorghum bicolor cultivation than in control and Sorghum.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.