• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.873-882
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze accidents and potential risks occurring at container terminals and to conduct on safety management plans tailored to container terminals. Method: A model for establishing a safety management plan is presented through a case study of container terminal risk assessment and literature analysis. Result: According to the 'Statistics of Accidents in the Harbor Handling Industry', 2,800 people were killed or injured during port work for 10 years from 2011 to 2021. This corresponds to an occupational accident rate of one person every 1.5 days. As a method of improving these accidents and disasters, a highly effective safety management plan should be established to prevent the recurrence of accidents in accordance with the Special Act on Port Safety. It is proposed to establish a safety management plan that reflects the risk assessment of container terminals, safety organization, safety budget, safety rules, and safety education.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.589-599
• /
• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the upper-limb motions and postures of grapes-harvesting tasks using electrical goniometers and analyze the upper-limb motions in a kinematic way to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Background: Grapes farmers are exposed to various risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as repetitive upper-limb motions, non-neutral postures, and manual handling of heavy items. The farmers have to use scissors repetitively while harvesting grapes with their being arms elevated over the shoulder height, which presumed to increase the physical workload. It has been reported that the grapes farmers feel the harvesting task as the one of the hardest work in cultivating grapes. We tried measure the wrist and elbow angles while the farmers were carrying out harvesting tasks to understand how much workload the work impose on the farmers, which can be helpful in making interventions of preventing musculosksletal disorders among grapes farmers. Method: We measured joint angles at the right wrist and elbow with a wireless measuring system with two electrical goniometers from five grape farmers. The grapes-harvesting task was classified into 6 different subtasks: 1) searching, 2) picking, 3) cleaning, 4) carrying, 6) storing, and 7) miscellaneous tasks. The subtasks were compared by mean angles, 10%, 50%, and 90% APDF values of wrist flexion/extension, ulnar/radial deviation, and elbow flexion. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis tests showed that the 10th percentiles of APDF of ulnar/radial deviation and flexion/extension of the wrist significantly differs among subtasks (p<0.05). It was found that the farmers assumed more deviated wrist postures in the ulnar direction when they picking and adjusting the grapes. The use of scissors seemed to force the farmers to severely bend their wrist in the directions of ulnar deviation and flexion. The grapes-harvesting task showed similar wrist postures and motion with poultry deboning and milking tasks. Conclusion: The grapes harvesting tasks make the farmers take ulnar deviated and extended postures in the wrist. The use of scissors makes them take more severely deviated postures in the wrist. Safety guidelines including use of ergonomic scissors can be provided to the farmers to improve their work conditions. Application: The results of this study can be used as a basic data for the development of safety guidelines for agricultural work.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of automobile logistics in the domestic automobile industry and to derive and evaluate the factors to improve the quality of automobile logistic services to final consumers. To that end, we selected the relevant factors through literature review and expert interviews, and conducted a survey with consumers and experts. The quality of automobile logistic service was evaluated using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results show that the "kindness of shipping staff" is high on the importance of customers but low on the importance of employees. On the other hand, factors that have high customer satisfaction but low staff satisfaction include "rapid handling of complaints", "transportation accuracy of receipt", "kindness of delivery staff", and "automobile manual guide and explanation of internal functions". This study has academic and industrial significance in that it has derived important factors for evaluating the quality of automobile logistics services and suggests improvement measures for experts and consumers who actually work in the industrial field. Future research should investigate measures to minimize the returns and complaints of shipment offices which have not been examined in this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 1983

The general purpose programs are in their fixed algorithm and theory of mechanics which can not be altered without painful program modifications. Users are usually guided by user's manual for data input. The several symbolic manipulation programs for structural analysis are introduced recently. These programs allow users to include a wide class of solution algorithm and to specify, by means of some symbolic manipulation, a combination of analytical steps to suit a particular problem. As they can solve a single domain problem, a large computer is usually needed. The scope of this study is to develop an efficient symbolic manipulation program with space beam element, plate bending element and eigen value routines. The incorporated Substructure capability and generation capability of finite element characteristic arrays (e.g., stiffness matrix, mass matrix) enables users to analyse multidomain problem with small computer. The program consists of modulized independent processors, each having its own specific function and is easily modified, eliminated and added. The processors are efficiently handling data by the Data base approach which is the concept of integrated program network(IPN).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2008

Bombina orientalis, or Korean fire-bellied toad is belonging to Class Amphinia, Order Anura, Family Bombinatoridae, Genus Bombina. Ecological characteristics, such as small size, slow moving and swimming, gentle attitude to other species, under laboratory and/or wild condition lead the toad as suitable experimental animals with easy handling. Seasonal reproductive biology except breeding season (usually from Apr. to late Jun.) are unknown still caused by sampling methods for hibernating specimens have not been established yet. Most species of amphibian, include B. orientalis, are declined around the world related with global warming, therefore, wild caught specimen for any purposes must be limited controled soon. Even though, some pre-studies of biotope for increasing biodiversity have been reported, construction of an artificial biotope to get natural breeding cycling specimen for study of amphibian reproduction is unique modelling and only trial. In an effort to set year-round sampling for study of reproduction of B. orientalis, we suggest protocols for planning, construction manual and SOP(Standard Operation Process) to manage amphibian biotope. During pilot operation of a designed and constructed biotope, the seasonal acclimation during winter hibernation of B. orientalis were successful. It will be helpful for studying the reproductive biology of wild amphibians in temperate region and allow to get reasonable research conditions in amphibian laboratory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1154-1163
• /
• 2008

DAS and SCADA system are main systems, which operate and manage the power system by using computer and communication technology. But DAS and SCADA have been operated independently in Korea, so there was some time delay in the fault handling and live-line work. To improve that problems, studies on the interface between DAS and SCADA have been needed. From November 2005 to December 2007, the pilot project has been performed in KEPCO's branch offices, as a result, direct method will be applied widely all over the country until 2010 because the operation information of substation users want can be transmitted fast and it is possible to control 43RC directly although the expense for direct method is about 1.3 times larger than that for web method. To improve problems revealed during the pilot project, substation object to object communication method is proposed and interface database automatic generation and interface system diagnosis and logging functions are developed. Interface data point and communication data type are defined, substation single line diagram automatic generation or manual editing function, SCADA monitoring and controlling function, log data managing function are developed in SCADA HMI program. It is expecting to reduce the average time for each outage about 33% and to improve the reliability, efficiency of operation, execution of DAS from automatic load transfer under a fault, and to contribute to export project.

• The Journal of Bigdata
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2019

Recently, the crime that utilizes the digital platform is continuously increasing. About 140,000 cases occurred in 2015 and about 150,000 cases occurred in 2016. Therefore, it is considered that there is a limit handling those online crimes by old-fashioned investigation techniques. Investigators' manual online search and cognitive investigation methods those are broadly used today are not enough to proactively cope with rapid changing civil crimes. In addition, the characteristics of the content that is posted to unspecified users of social media makes investigations more difficult. This study suggests the site-based collection and the Open API among the content web collection methods considering the characteristics of the online media where the infringement crimes occur. Since illegal content is published and deleted quickly, and new words and alterations are generated quickly and variously, it is difficult to recognize them quickly by dictionary-based morphological analysis registered manually. In order to solve this problem, we propose a tokenizing method in the existing dictionary-based morphological analysis through WPM (Word Piece Model), which is a data preprocessing method for quick recognizing and responding to illegal contents posting online infringement crimes. In the analysis of data, the optimal precision is verified through the Vote-based ensemble method by utilizing a classification learning model based on supervised learning for the investigation of illegal contents. This study utilizes a sorting algorithm model centering on illegal multilevel business cases to proactively recognize crimes invading the public economy, and presents an empirical study to effectively deal with social data collection and content investigation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2014

The quality of 2D-to-3D conversion depends on the accuracy of the assigned depth to scene objects. Manual depth painting for given objects is labor intensive as each frame is painted. Specifically, a human is one of the most challenging objects for a high-quality conversion, as a human body is an articulated figure and has many degrees of freedom (DOF). In addition, various styles of clothes, accessories, and hair create a very complex silhouette around the 2D human object. We propose an efficient method to estimate visually pleasing depths of a human at every frame in a monocular video. First, a 3D template model is matched to a person in a monocular video with a small number of specified user correspondences. Our pose estimation with sequential joint angular constraints reproduces a various range of human motions (i.e., spine bending) by allowing the utilization of a fully skinned 3D model with a large number of joints and DOFs. The initial depth of the 2D object in the video is assigned from the matched results, and then propagated toward areas where the depth is missing to produce a complete depth map. For the effective handling of the complex silhouettes and appearances, we introduce a partial depth propagation method based on color segmentation to ensure the detail of the results. We compared the result and depth maps painted by experienced artists. The comparison shows that our method produces viable depth maps of humans in monocular videos efficiently.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2012

Navy establishes the Naval Task Forces (TF) for many kinds of maritime operations. Then the TF in the maritime environment performs simultaneous component operations such as ASUW (Anti-Surface Warfare), ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare), AAW (Anti-Aircraft Warfare), and assault operations. The TF consists of many tactical systems for the completion of missions C4I, VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), DMHS (Digital Massage Handling System), and TDLs (Tactical Data Links) such as LINK-11, 16, ISDL (Inter Site Data Link). When the TF executes naval operations to complete a mission, we are interested in the kill chain for the maritime operations in the TF. The kill chain is a standard procedure for the naval operations to crush enemy defenses. Although each ship has a procedure about a manual for 'how to fight', it leave something to be desired for the TF detailed kill chain currently. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the naval TF's kill chain to perform the naval operations. Then, the operational effectiveness of the TF in the kill chain environment is determined through operation scenarios of TDL system implementation. It is to see the operational information sharing effect to a data link model based on MND-AF OV 6c (statement of tracking operational status) in the maritime operations applied to TDL and is to identify improvements in information dissemination process. We made the kill chain of maritime TF for the effective naval operations.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.223-235
• /
• 1993

요통(Lowback Pain)을 유발하는 주요원인으로 알려져있는 MMH(Manual Materials Handling) 작업에 있어서 작업조건의 변화가 근육의 활동과 피로도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 4가지 서로 다른 작업조건하에서 몸통부위(Trunk)의 주요근육에 대한 EMG 파형분석을 실시 하였다. 본 연구에서의 분석대항작업은 실제 작업조건과 유사하레 설계된 120분간의 단속적인 인양(Lifting)/하역(Lowering) 작업으로서 작업중량은 작업자의 MVIS(Maximum Voluntary Isometric Strength)를 기준으로 설정되었으며, 매 10분 간격으로 EMG 측정이 이루어졌다. 작업물이 작업자의 정면에 위치한 대칭형(Symmetric) 작업의 경우 배면부(Dorsal) 근육인 천극근(Erector Spinae)과 활배근(Latissimus Dorsi)이 활동근(Active Muscle)인 것으로 나타났으며, 정중면(Medial Plane)을 중심으로 좌우측 근육이 동일한 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업물이 작업자의 한쪽 측면에 위치한 90도 비대칭형(Asymmetric) 작업의 경우 천극근과 활배근외에 작업물과 반대쪽 외사근(External Oblique)이 활동근으로 추가되었으며, 작업물과 반대쪽의 근육들이 더욱 큰 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업의 반복에 따른 근육의 피로도를 평가하기 위해 실시한 EMG 파형의 Spectral Analysis 결과, 비대칭형 작업시 작업물과 반대쪽의 천극근에서 작업시간의 경과에 따라 중위주파수(Median Power Frequency)가 저주 파수대로 천이(Lower Shift)하는 현상이 나타났으며, 일정한 작업량이라도 작업중량을 줄이고 작업 빈도를 높여서 작업할 경우에 이러한 현상이 더욱 두드러졌다. 작업시간의 경과에 따른 MVIS의 감소 현상은 작업빈도가 높고 비대칭형 작업일 때 가장 크게 나타났다. 총손실을 줄이고, 상대적 비용절감효과를 갖게할 수 있다고 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성인 여성기성복의 치수적합성을 높이기위하여 출산 후 중년에 접어 들면서 체형이 변화되는 것을 고려하여 연령을 분류하고(18세-34세, 30세-51세), 각 연령 집단에 따른 체형을 각각 3가지로 분류하였다. 이에 따라 의복 생산시의 총손실을 줄이기위한 상의, 하의생산시 필요한 부위별 최적규격치 간격을 제시하였다.적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.t list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를