• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational validity of EBS education broadcasting. The purpose of science education is not only to improve metacognition, but also to make student acquire scientific knowledge. So, this study present the question of whether EBS education broadcasting could raise students' metacognition or not. At ㅂ highschool, the VOD texts provided by EBS education broadcasting was used for all curriculums including science in 2002 and 2003. It was accepted that the model wpuld be using considered VOD texts as materials and focusing on students' voluntary acting. But the students couldn't be given a stimulus raising metacognition by these models. The metacognition such as metaknowledge, metaexperience, and monitoring must be mediated during school hours for valuable science lessons. First, the manipulation such as teacher's pertinent question or comment reminding students about the materials was connected with teaming subject. Second, it is important for students to do an analogical experiment in odor to experience the reality. Third, feedback and the scripts of students' conversation must be given to students to monitor their own learning process.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2000

To establish an alternate technology for all male seed production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus at hatchery scale, the performance of progenies produced by crossing superfemale with sex reversed male was evaluated. Free crossings between 21 superfemales and 7 sex reversed males stocked in an aquarium for 60 days resulted in the production of 93.5 % male progenies, compared to 53.2 % males produced by an equal number of normal females and normal males. Spawning frequency was lower (19 times) in the experimental cross including superfemales than that (24 times) in the control including normal females. Seed production in the experimental aquarium was (3,085) significantly lower than that (3,797) of the control. Both in terms of seeds per female per day or seeds per g female per day, seed productivity did not significantly differ between these groups. The alternate technology involving crossing between superfemale and sex reversed male has proven to be an efficient alternate technology for mass production of all male seeds at the hatchery scale.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.325-330
• /
• 2000

For development of all male seed production at hatchery scale, a comparative study was made on the seed production traits of supermale (IT - t) and superfemale (IT - L1 ~) Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Supermales were crossed with normal females (XX- f) and the superfemales with normal males (XY - t ) or sex reversed males (XX- L1 t); progeny survival of these crossings and sex ratio were evaluated. Hatching success of the eggs, fertilized by the supermale was significantly lower than that by the normal male. Over 95-99 % progenies sired by crossing supermales with normal females were males, while 52-55 % progenies alone were males with the cross of normal males and normal females. Hatching success and survival of alevins were significantly higher for the progenies of the crosses between superfemales and sex reversed males than those resulting from the crosses between superfemales and normal males. However, there was no significant difference in the sex ratio among the progenies of these crosses. Therefore, crossings of superfemales with sex reversed males provide the highest percentage of survival and male progenies.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2013

Objective: This paper presents additional considerations related to organization and safety culture extracted from recent human error incidents in Korea, such as station blackout(i.e., SBO) in Kori#1. Background: Safety culture has been already highlighted as a major cause of human errors after 1986 Chernobyl accident. After Fukushima accident in Japan, the public acceptance for nuclear energy has taken its toll. Organizational characteristics and culture became elucidated as a major contributor again. Therefore many nuclear countries are re-evaluating their safety culture, and discussing any preparedness and its improvement. On top of that, there was an SBO in 2012 in the Kori#1. Korean public feels frustrated due to the similar human errors causing to a catastrophe like Fukushima accident. Method: This paper reassesses Japan's incidents, and revisits Korea's recent incidents. It focuses on the analysis of the hazards rather than the causes of human errors, the derivation of countermeasures, and their implementation. The preceding incidents and conclusions from Japanese experience are also re-analyzed. The Fukushima accident was an SBO due to the natural disaster such as earthquakes and a successive tsunami. Unlike the Fukushima accident, the Kori#1 incident itself was simple and restored without any loss and radioactive release. However, the fact that the incident was deliberately concealed led to massive distrust. Moreover, the continued violation of rules and organized concealment of the accident are serious signs of a new distorted type of human errors, blatantly revealing the cultural and fundamental weakness of the current organization. Result: We should learn from Japanese experiences who had taken pride in its safety technology and fairly high confidence in safety culture. Japan's first criticality accident in JCO facility splashed cold water on that confidence. It has turned out to be a typical case revealing the problems in the organization and safety culture. Since Japan has failed to gain lessons and countermeasure, the issue persists to the Fukushima incident. Conclusion: Safety culture is not a specific independent element, which makes it difficult to either evaluate it properly or establish countermeasures from the lessons. It may continue to expose similar human errors such as concealment of incident and manipulation of bad data. Application: Not only will this work establish the course of research for organization and safety culture, but this work will also contribute to the revitalization of Korea's nuclear industry from the disappointment after the export contract to UAE.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.344-355
• /
• 2004

Statement of problem: For a long time, many of denture base acrylic resins have been used for edentulous and partial edentulous patients because of easy manipulation and good mechanical properties, but its esthetic aspect has not been commented enough. Denture base acrylic resins also has caused esthetic problems due to discoloration or staining as in esthetic restoration. Many researches and reports have treated the problems and accomplished esthetic improvement. But these researches and reports dealt with general food colors or beverages, not with fermented foods. Purpose: This study is designed to assess what fermented foods, such as soy sauce, gochujang, and toenjang that many of Koreans have taken in, influence on the color and hardness variation of denture base acrylic resins. Materials and methods: For the procedure, twelve disks per 4 denture base acrylic resins were fabricated with a thickness of 2mm and 16mm in diameter. Each seven specimen were measured for discoloration with spectrophotometer, while the others, five specimen, for surface hardness change with Barcol hardness tester, over time. Each 12 specimen were immersed into the 4 beakers of fermented foods(soy sauces, gochujangs, toenjangs, deionized water), and $L^{*},a^{*}$, and $b^*$ values were measured for the color difference$({\Delta}E^*)$, on the 1st, 7th, and 28th day with spectrophotometer, with the measurement of surface hardness change. Each data observed was processed statistically. Results: The findings are as follows; Discoloration 1. All of denture base resins was not influenced by the kind of fermented foods, except for $QC20^{(R)}$ 2. Soy sauce and red pepper paste caused more change for denture base resins than deionized water and soy bean paste, except for Perform$^{(R)}$ 3. Most significant change was shown in Lucitone 199$^{(R)}$, whereas Perform$^{(R)}$ results in the least change for all immersed solution, with no statistical significance. Hardness change 1. Barcol hardness values in deposited specimens have been changed low degree, but with significant statistical change according to the kind of food and duration. 2. Lucitone$^{(R)}$ 199 as significantly lower Barcol hardness value than others do. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it suggests that the habitual intake of fermented foods is not helpful for the color stability of denture base acrylic resins because Soy sauce and red pepper paste mainly caused discoloration and surface hardness change. Particularly $Lucitone199^{(R)}$ shows specific discoloration and low surface hardness values. Therefore, it is recommended giving caution patients with denture of $Lucitone199^{(R)}$ especially against the habitual intake of fermented foods like soy sauce and red pepper paste.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2004

2-piece 임플란트에서는 초기 치유 기간 동안 0.9-1.6mm의 골 소실이 일어나는데 2-piece 임플란트의 미세 간극과 그에 따른 생물학적 폭경의 형성이 중요한 원인이다. 최근 수직적으로 미세 간극의 위치를 변화시킴으로 골 소실의 양을 줄일 수 있다는 보고가 있다. 이번 실험의 목적은 미세 간극의 수평적 위치 변화에 따른 골 소실의 양을 비교하는데 있다. 하악에서 인접하여 최소 2개의 임플란트를 식립할 수 있는 7 무치악 부위에 총 15개의 Osseotitie XP 4/5를 식립하였다. 이때 임플란트의 상연이 주위 치조골과 일치하게 식립하였고 무작위로 선택하여 한 그룹(W군)에서는 wide diameter healing abutment를 연결하였고 다른 한 그룹(S 군)에서는 standard diameter healing abutment를 연결하였다. 3개월의 치유 기간후 보철 과정을 시작하였으며 이 때 healing abutment와 같은 크기의 prosthetic component를 이용하였다. 임플란트 식립 직후, 3개월의 치유 기간이 지난 보철 직전(Interval I)에, 보철 과정 직후(Interval II)에 각각 치근단 방사선 사진을 찍어 각 단계에서의 골 소실 양을 비교하였다. W 군의 경우 골 소실의 양이 Interval I에서 $1.60{\pm}0.78$, Interval I+II에서 $2.36{\pm}0.29$이었고 S 군에서는 Interval I에서 $1.5810{\pm}0.3030$, Interval I+II에서는 $1.7346{\pm}0.4199$이었다. W군에서는 Interval I와 I+II에서의 골 소실 양이 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이를 보였으며, Interval I+II에서의 W 군과 S 군에서의 골 소실 양도 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이를 나타내었다. Interval I에서는 두 그룹에서 골 소실의 차이가 없었는데 이는 1 stage surgery시 healing abutment 주위로 mucoperiosteal flap 접합의 어려움 때문으로 생각된다. 한편 Interval II에서는 abutment manipulation 등의 과정이 추가적인 골 소실을 야기한 것으로 생각된다. Interval I+II에서 W 군과 S 군 사이의 골 소실 양 차이는 미세 간극의 수평적 위치 변화의 양과 유사한 결과를 나타내었는데 이로 미루어 미세 간극의 수평적 이동은 임플란트 주위의 골 소실 양에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2004

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity as an alternative method of treatment for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to foot samli$(ST_{36})$ on the carrageenan-induced knee arthritic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the knee arthritis. Knee arthritis was induced by injection of 2 % carrageenan $50\;{\mu}l$ into the knee joint cavity. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The weight bearing force of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : The average weight borne by the hind limb during normal gait was 55% of total body weight, which was reduced to less than 10% after knee arthritis. EA improved the weight bearing of the arthritic hind limb significantly for the duration of 4 hr. EA applied to $ST_{36}$ point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the arthritic foot lasting for at least 4 h. However, $GB_{31}$ point did not produce any significant increase of weight bearing force. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the knee arthritis model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, $GB_{31}$. The relations between EA-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS was also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA stimulation applied to $ST_{36}$ point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the rat model of chronic knee arthritis pain in a point specific manner and 2) that EA-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 1984

Before beginning the extracorporeal circulation, perfusionists should supply oxygen into the oxygenator and establish blood flow through the blood line of the heart-lung machine. But these manipulation can induce severe hypocarbic state of priming solutions due to wash out of $CO_2$ gas in the solution. This study was carried out to examine the relationship of blood gas changes between hypocarbic priming solutions and body circulation in 15 patients undergoing open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. $PaCO_2$, pH, buffer base and $PaO_2$ were measured from priming solutions before and 15 minutes after the extracorporeal circulation. The results were as follows; 1) Before the extracorporeal circulation, mean $PaCO_2$ level was $12.1{\pm}7.8mmHg$ in the priming solution. However, 15 minutes after extracorporeal circulation, the $PaCO_2$ level was maintained at $35.7{\pm}5.7mmHg$. 2) pH in the priming solution was variable from 6.93 to 7.99 (mean $7.45{\pm}0.29$), but after 15 minutes it was ranged from 7.28 to 7.42 (mean $7.35{\pm}0.05$). 3) Mean buffer base level in the priming solution was $7.9{\pm}3.5mmol/l$, but after 15 minutes, it was $19.6{\pm}1.2mmol/l$. 4) Mean $PaO_2$ level in the priming solution was $667.1{\pm}45.6mmHg$, but after 15 minutes, it was $280.7{\pm}131.7mmHg$.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 1984

The socio-psychiatric study and personality analysis by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory on attempted suicides with drug intoxication in Seonsan-Gun and Cheongdo-Gun of Kyoungsang buk-Do was attempted to identify overall picture of attempted suicides and to detect some characteristics of personality. The total of 93 suicide attempted cases which were brought to the local clinics for the past 3 years from February, 1981 to February,1984 were sampled among them. The socio-psychiatric study and MMPI were performed with 45 attempters possible to be interviewed. The personalities of a group which answered "Still have the desire occasionally" or "Don't know about the present attitude toward suicide was compared with those of the other group who answered "Will not do it agagin". The results were as follows; 1) The sex ratio of the total attempters (93 cases) were 138.5. The highest rate by age group was found in the 3rd decade to be 27 cases. On the other hand, the sex ratio of interviewed cases were 136.8 and the highest rate was found in the age group of 50-59. 2) For the common characteristics of majority other than sex, 55.7% of cases were graduated primary school, and 62.2% were engaged in agriculture. 3) Except the fact that more of the attempted suicides happened during summer, there were no seasonal variation among other seasons. 4) The places selected for the attempted suicides were the houses in majority of cases (98%). Most of cases (53.3%) were found immediately after the attempt and 24.4% within one hour. For the poison taken, 86.7 took a sort of herbicides or insecticides, 55.6% were admitted to local clinics for only one day and 20% for two days. 5) The most common precipitating factors of the attempted suicides were family trouble and financial poverty. 6) The psychodynamic motives of the attempters were impulsive hostility(35.6%), abandonment(33.3%), guilt feeling (11.1%), manipulation and attention seeking (8.9%) and others. 7) In regard to their present attitude toward suicide, 29 cases (64.4%) expressed that they would never do such an act again, 37.8% of cases expressed that they really wanted to die at the time when they attempted. 8) The Psychopathic deviate, Paranoia, Depression, Schizophrenia scores were significantly higher in the attempters group who answered "Don't know" or "Possibly" for the question of "Will you attempt suicide again?" Than the group who answered" will not do it again".