• Mycobiology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.242-249
• /
• 2019

Betaine derivatives are considered major ingredients of shampoos and are commonly used as antistatic and viscosity-increasing agents. Several studies have also suggested that betaine derivatives can be used as antimicrobial agents. However, the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of betaine derivatives have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of six betaine derivatives against Malassezia restricta, which is the most frequently isolated fungus from the human skin and is implicated in the development of dandruff. We found that, among the six betaine derivatives, lauryl betaine showed the most potent antifungal activity. The mechanism of action of lauryl betaine was studied mainly using another phylogenetically close model fungal organism, Cryptococcus neoformans, because of a lack of available genetic manipulation and functional genomics tools for M. restricta. Our genome-wide reverse genetic screening method using the C. neoformans gene deletion mutant library showed that the mutants with mutations in genes for cell membrane synthesis and integrity, particularly ergosterol synthesis, are highly sensitive to lauryl betaine. Furthermore, transcriptome changes in both C. neoformans and M. restricta cells grown in the presence of lauryl betaine were analyzed and the results indicated that the compound mainly affected cell membrane synthesis, particularly ergosterol synthesis. Overall, our data demonstrated that lauryl betaine influences ergosterol synthesis in C. neoformans and that the compound exerts a similar mechanism of action on M. restricta.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.531-540
• /
• 2019

Existing dozer productivity computation models use different input variables, formulas, productivity correction factors, and experimental data source. This paper presents a method that characterizes the productivity outputs obtained by the PLS model and the Caterpillar model that are accepted as industry standards. The method identifies the input variables to be collected from the site, the performance charts to be referenced, and the formulas and implements them in a single computational tool. This study verifies that the PLS model may replace the manual computational process of Caterpillar model by eliminating reliance on graphics manipulation. Replacing the Caterpillar model with the PLS model and implementing the process as a function contributes to assess the productivity of a dozer timely by encouraging to utilize real-time information collected directly from the site. This study allows researchers and practitioners to effectively deal with the values of productivity correction factors collected from the job site and to control the productivity. The practicality and effectiveness of the method have been validated by applying to a project case.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the effect of Postural Yinyang Correction of the Temporomandibular joint (Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy, FCST) for phantogeusia. Methods: A patient with phantogeusia was treated at the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University Korean Medicine Hospital from Oct 10th, 2018 to Dec 4th, 2018. A patient received 24 times of FCST with Customized TMJ Balancing Intraoral Appliance, upper cervical manipulation. To estimate the efficacy, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and questionnaire. Results: The patient showed a certain degree of improvement in phantogeusia and other subject symtoms within 8 weeks. Adverse effects were not reported. Conclusions: These results showed that FCST using an Customized TMJ Balancing Intraoral Appliance, may be useful for reducing the symptoms of phantogeusia.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.236-282
• /
• 2002

Among elements of play, there are puppets performances and shadows performance which are replacing actors by puppets and shadows. Puppet performance is characteristic of expressing various movements and symbols at its conveniences by the reduced models of human form with various materials. Shadow performance is realized in various colors that cannot be discovered in other countries by expressing mysterious cubic effect in reflecting the light against various forms. Mansukjung Nolum is a unique shadow performance that has been inherited in Korea. There are found many shadow performances inherited in the northern Europe and South-eastern Asia. Recently the silhouette animation in application of shadow performance is made. In the northern Europe and South-eastern Asia, they performed in white and black color while Mansukjung Nolum is performed in natural colors. Since they adopted the leather materials for making puppets, their opaque feature cannot reflect the colored light. But in Korea we adopted the specially colored semi-transparent Korean paper, which gives the colored shadows to spectators. Mansukjung Nolum consists of three acts for arousing attention of fallen monks destroying the teaching of Buddha. Seosanbakchumji Nolum is a puppet performance inherited in a village in Seosan, Choongnam instead of wandering artists. The story and form of performance in Namsadangpae's puppet play is mostly similar to it, but it is woven by its villages natural environment and specific dialects, reflecting their consciousness in mind. The villagers made the puppets and manipulate them in communicating their wisdom of life between them. Parkchumji Nolum is a kind of integral art combining puppet manipulation, witticism, songs and dances. The hero of Parkchumji discloses the social and structural conflicts of feudalism, in arousing the spectators' rich attention of self-awareness and lessons.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.301-312
• /
• 2019

Post-transcriptional regulation underlies the circadian control of gene expression and animal behaviors. However, the role of mRNA surveillance via the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway in circadian rhythms remains elusive. Here, we report that Drosophila NMD pathway acts in a subset of circadian pacemaker neurons to maintain robust 24 h rhythms of free-running locomotor activity. RNA interference-mediated depletion of key NMD factors in timeless-expressing clock cells decreased the amplitude of circadian locomotor behaviors. Transgenic manipulation of the NMD pathway in clock neurons expressing a neuropeptide PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) was sufficient to dampen or lengthen free-running locomotor rhythms. Confocal imaging of a transgenic NMD reporter revealed that arrhythmic Clock mutants exhibited stronger NMD activity in PDF-expressing neurons than wild-type. We further found that hypomorphic mutations in Suppressor with morphogenetic effect on genitalia 5 (Smg5) or Smg6 impaired circadian behaviors. These NMD mutants normally developed PDF-expressing clock neurons and displayed daily oscillations in the transcript levels of core clock genes. By contrast, the loss of Smg5 or Smg6 function affected the relative transcript levels of cAMP response element-binding protein B (CrebB) in an isoform-specific manner. Moreover, the overexpression of a transcriptional repressor form of CrebB rescued free-running locomotor rhythms in Smg5-depleted flies. These data demonstrate that CrebB is a rate-limiting substrate of the genetic NMD pathway important for the behavioral output of circadian clocks in Drosophila.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2019

The inconvenience of using the product weakens the competitiveness of the product and makes it difficult to obtain various users. This study proposes a 5-step evaluation method that is derived from a formal usability evaluation to suggest improvement directions for easier and more convenient manipulation of complex or inconvenient user interface. The 5-step usability evaluation method can not be applied to all broadcasting equipments, but it is expected to improve the user interface of broadcasting equipments. In addition, it is expected to provide an opportunity to more flexible access to user interface development to be applied to new application services in a variety of telecommunication convergence equipment industry, while leading the era of convergence of broadcasting industry throughout broadcasting equipment industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.652-666
• /
• 2021

This study explores diffusion of information on Covid-19 relating to China on You Tube. For this, information on Covid-19 relating to China was divided into factual information and disinformation, with factual information being categorized into positive and negative information. According to network analysis, there are lots of negative information and disinformation. On the contrary positive information is rare. There are lots of videos about rumor on the leak of Wuhan institute among disinformation. Rumor on the manipulation of genes has the highest average value of view count and betweenness centrality. Main stream youtube channel has only role of messenger which delivers messages as it is instead of fact-checking on disinformation. The fact which there are much more negative information or disinformation among videos about Covid-19 relating with China shows that Youtube users skewed toward negative information and disinformation than positive ones. In summary, disinformation on youtube brings spreadable effect by making user watch similar contents.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2021

Recently, personal mobility (PM)-related complaints and PM accidents have increased as the number of users soars due to growth in the domestic PM market and the emergence of a number of electric scooter-sharing services. As a result, the need for PM education and practice spaces is emerging as a way to reduce accidents caused by poor PM manipulation and operation. In this study, we analyze the relevant conflict factors in order to come up with a systematic operation and activation plan for PM, and as an alternative, we review and propose how to operate a PM playground and test zone. It is expected that basic data collection and analysis of rudimentary driver behavior through PM playground operations will improve users' operational safety, and various conflicts of interest between users and non-users will be resolved by installing facilities to secure their safety.

• English & American cultural studies
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.287-309
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to critique British imperialism in Bapsi Sidhwa's Cracking India (1991) by analyzing the partition of India from the perspective of nation, religion, and women. Dubbed "Punjabi-Parsi-Indian-Pakistani," Sidhwa is in a position where she can view the partition from an objective and neutralized stance. Rather than focusing on the lives of nationally well-known political figures such as Gandhi, Nehru, or Jinnah, Sidhwa delves deep into the miserable lives of the lower classes before and after the partition. First, I analyze the process of the partition, as it is performed through the manipulation of British imperialism. By adopting the viewpoint of an 8-year-old Lenny, who is the daughter of a Parsi family, Sidhwa is able to critique both British imperialism as well as the male-dominated Indian society where the treatment of women is unthinkably harsh. Second, I focus on the tragedy of the confrontation of three religions, Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh. Religious people fight each other while they were forced to move from South to North or from North to South. I argue that the religious conflicts have much to do with political issues. Third, I want to argue that women are the major victims of the partition. Ayah, Hamida, and Papoo are victims of male-dominated India during the partition. They symbolize the feminized India, which is exploited and victimized by British Imperialism. Even though Ayah is shattered by Ice-candy-man while working as a prostitute and dancer, she decides to return to her home in India, which shows her challenge against male-dominated India as well as against British colonialism. In conclusion, Sidhwa tries to heal the suffering of the Indian women who fell victim to male-dominated Indian society by criticizing the problems of British imperialism. In addition, by dealing with the lives of silenced people, Sidhwa asks readers not to forget the historical tragedy and not to repeat the tragedy again.

• English & American cultural studies
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.221-237
• /
• 2009

This paper analyzes the time-shift technique in Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim. Conrad's manipulation of time in this novel is based on his aspiration for how 'to make you see,' which he believes is completed through the harmony form and substance in his works. So Conrad applies this technique which was used earlier by some writers such as Laurence Sterne to his Lord Jim to show its theme more effectively. In Lord Jim, the story consists of two parts; first, Jim jumps from a ship called the Patna and is deprived of his navigation certificate. Secondly, he wins the people's respect in Patusan in which his past related to the Patna remains hidden, but he faces his death by taking responsibility for the death of the chief's son in the island. These events in Lord Jim are not described in chronological order; that is, some events are depicted with the time-shift technique using flashback, association, or fragmentary memory to accelerate the speed of stories as well as to offer the actuality of the events. With this structure, the themes of Jim's story have something to do with his heroic actions and failures. Jim wants to be a hero and after failures he struggles to redeem himself only to fail. In particular, Jim's jump from the Patna is emphasized through the time-shift and it shows there is something incomprehensible in his action. Therefore, Conrad reveals in Lord Jim that Jim is one of us who not only are imperfect but also have the weaknesses inside that can unexpectedly emerge in an instant.