• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.2061-2074
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• 1998

In pattern recognition and image analysis upplications, a graph is a useful tool for complex obect representation and recognition. However it takes much time to pair proper nodes between the prototype graph and an input data graph. Futhermore it is difficult to decide whether the two graphs in a class are the same hecause real images are degradd in general by noise and other distortions. In this paper we propose a matching algorithm using a matrix. The matrix is suiable for simple and easily understood representation and enables the ordering and matching process to be convenient due to its predefined matrix manipulation. The nodes which constitute a gaph are ordered in the matrix by their geometrical positions and this makes it possible to save much comparison time for finding proper node pairs. for the classification, we defined a distance measure thatreflects the symbo's structural aspect that is the sum of the mode distance and the relation distance; the fornet is from the parameters describing the node shapes, the latter from the relations with othes node in the matrix. We also introduced a subdivision operation to compensate node merging which is mainly due t the prepreocessing error. The proposed method is applied to the recognition of musteal symbols and the result is given. The result shows that almost all, except heavily degraded symbols are recognized, and the recognition rate is approximately 95 percent.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.572-580
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• 1996

This paper describes a test generation method for sequential circuits which improves the application limits of the IPMT method by applying the partial scan design to the IPMT method. To solve the problem that the IPMT method requires enormous computation time in image computation, and generates test patterns after the partialscan design is introduced to reduce test complexity. Scan flip-flops are selected for the partial scan design according to the node size of the state functions of a sequential circuit in their binary decision diagram representations. Experimental results on ISCAS'95 benchmark circuits show that a test generator based on our method has achieved 100% fault coverage by use of either 20% scan FFs for s344, s349, and s420 or 80% scan FFs for sl423. However, test gener-ators based on the previous IPM method have not achieved 100% fault coverage for those circuits.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 1995

The development of selectable markers for transformation has been a major factor in the successful genetic manipulation of plant. We established a new selectable marker system for tobacco transformation using chimeric adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene, which confers resistance to cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 9-$\beta$-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine(Ara-A) and cordycepin. The transformants with the chimeric ADA gene in tobacco grew in the presence of normally lethal level of cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 100 $\mu$M Ara-A and 50 $\mu$M cordycepin. We successfully distinguished transformed shoot from non-transformed shoot on the same selectable media with cytotoxic adenosine analogues. In this selectable media, we were able to select seeds with/ without ADA gene from transgenic tobacco seeds. Theses results show that the mammalian ADA gene may serve as a new selectable marker for tobacco transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 2010

The paper reviewed research status and outlook of genetic transformation in fruit trees in Korea. Genetic transformation has been long considered as an alternative technique overcoming limitation of conventional breeding and conducted since early 1990's. An efficient genetic transformation was established with major cultivars of apple, even in Fuji and Gamhong, and some transgenic apple plants have been transferred into the greenhouse for further analysis of gene expression. A few successes of genetic transformation have been reported and application to a variety of cultivars tried in citrus and kiwifruit. Successful genetic transformation has not been reported in the other fruit trees including grapevine, yet and it is considered being at the level of research. Those factors including replacement of antibiotics as a selective agent, use of transgenic rootstocks and manipulation of gene expression at proper parts and developmental stages have been prerequisites for the rapid commercialization of transgenic fruit plants.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$(1ml/kg) and treated with manual acupuncture at left Sam-hwang points 3 times a week for 10 weeks. A non-acupoint in left Gluteal area was selected as a sham point. Acupuncture was performed by an experienced acupuncture doctor using tonifying manipulation technique. To estimate the effects on hepatotoxici쇼, body weight and liver weight of rats were measured, and biochemical assays(ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, etc.) and blood cell analysis were performed. Results : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points reduced liver weight, ALT, AST, ALP activities and total cholesterol in serum significantly compared with control group. In blood cell analysis, WBC and lymphocytes were reduced but neutrophil was increased by manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points in rats. Conclusions : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points has an hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate effective treatment point selection method using oppressive pain in acupoints as elementary attempt for standard methodology of clinical acupuncture studies. Methods : Twenty seven subjects with hypertension or within prehypertension category - systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) over 120/80mmHg - were divided into two groups, oppressive pain point treatment group and oppressive painless point treatment group. In oppressive pain point treatment group, single point acupuncture (SPA) was conducted for 16 sessions during 8 weeks on most oppressive painful point among 6 selected acupuncture points used in previous trials and clinic. As a SPA intervention, 15 minutes with deqi sensation- elevating manipulation was conducted on the treatment acupoint. Same process was conducted in oppressive painless point treatment group on most oppressive painless point with subject blinding. Results : Significant reduction was observed in both systolic and diastolic BP after short time intervention (15.5/8.8 mmHg, 10.7/7.1 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively at 1 week) and maintained for 8 weeks intervention period in all groups (12.8/8.0 mmHg, 19.4/12.6 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference of BP change between oppressive pain point treatment group (N=10) and oppressive painless point treatment group (N=9) was observed during 8 weeks study period. Conclusions : SPA treatment as used in this pilot study was effective for lowering BP in mild hypertensive population, but oppressive pain in acupoint had no effect on treatment. This present result suggests the possibility of SPA for hypertension treatment regardless of oppressive pain.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2008

Nanoporous alumina with highly ordered pore arrays, which is prepared based on electrochemical anodization under the controlled conditions, has attracted great attention due to the variety of its applications. In case of porous alumina, the manipulation of nanoporous structures under different electrochemical conditions and their formation mechanisms have been studied for a long time. Recently, its principles have been applied to other valve metals. Especially, there have been a big success in the preparation of titania nanotubes via the anodization of titanium. In this paper, we review the anodization of aluminum and recent trends in anodization of Ti and other valve metals based on the principles of aluminum anodization.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 2008

Direct effects of zooplankton grazing activities on the natural assemblage of bacterioplankton and algae were evaluated at monthly intervals, from June to October of 2000, in the middle part of the River Spree, Germany. We quantified bacterioplankton, algae, zooplankton abundance and measured carbon ingestion rates (CIRs) by zooplankton according to two zooplankton size classes: (i) micro zooplankton (MICZ), ranging in size from 30 to $150{\mu}m$ and including rotifers and nauplii, excluding protozoans and (ii) macrozooplankton (MACZ), larger than $150{\mu}m$ and including cladocerans and copepods. CIRs were measured using natural bacterial and algae communities in the zooplankton density manipulation experiments. Algae biomass (average${\pm}$SD: $377{\pm}306{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$, n=5) was always higher than bacterial biomass ($36.7{\pm}9.9{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$, n=5). Total zooplankton biomass varied from 19.8 to $137{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$. Total mean biomass of zooplankton was $59.9{\pm}52.5{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ (average${\pm}$SD, n=5). Average MICZ biomass ($40.2{\pm}47.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ n=5) was nearly twofold higher than MACZ biomass ($19.6{\pm}20.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}$ n=5). Total zooplankton CIRs on algae (average${\pm}$SD: $56.6{\pm}26.4{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) were $\sim$fourfold higher than that on bacteria $(12.7{\pm}6.0{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$. MICZ CIRs on bacteria $(7.0{\pm}2.8{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$ and algae $(28.6{\pm}20.6{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;day^{-1})$ were slightly higher than MACZ CIRs. On average, MICZ accounted for 55.6 and 50.5% of total zooplankton grazing on bacteria and algae, respectively. Considering the MICZ and MACZ CIRs, the relative role of transferring carbon to higher trophic levels were nearly similar between both communities in the lake-river ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

When a large sparse matrix is calculated for a horizontal geodetic network adjustment, it needs to go through the process of matrix reordering for the efficiency of time and space. In this study, several reordering methods for sparse matrix were tested, using Sparse Matrix Manipulation System(SMMS) program, total processing time and Fill-in number produced in factorization process were measured and compared. As a result, Minimum Degree(MD) and Mutiple Minimum Degree(MMD), which are based on Minimum Degree are better than Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer(GPS) and Reverse Cuthill-Mckee(RCM), which are based on Minimum Bandwidth. However, the method of the best efficiency can be changed dependent on distribution of non-zero elements in a matrix. This finding could be applied to heighten the efficiency of time and storage space for national datum readjustment and other large geodetic network adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2005

Wide vertical hemilaryngopharyngectomy with immediate glottic and pharyngeal reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap is reported in 1991 by Chantrain et al. This procedure was designed for the preservation of healthy hemilarynx and resection of pharynx with safe oncological margin in especially piriform sinus cancer or supraglottic cancer invading the hypopharynx. In the original paper, they used palmaris longus tendon for reconstruction of neoglottis. In other groups, they used rib cartilage instead of palmaris longus tendon. In this paper, we report two cases of piriform sinus cancer patients who treated with wide vertical hemilaryngectomy with radial forearm free flap reconstruction. In one case, the operation was performed as Chantrain et al described. But in another case, the ipsilateral forearm was impossible due to the positive Allen's test. So the contralateral forearm flap and rib cartilage graft was done. This reconstructive technique make large resection possible. As the dissection of thyroid cartilage and lateral displacement makes direct visualization and manipulation of piriform sinus lesions, sufficient resection margin in lateral and inferior pharyngeal wall cab be obtained.