• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2001

To verify the newly developed decision assisting expert system for nitrogen fertilizer application NES to Illinois cornfields, a couple of N rate studies from Dr. Howard and five Illinois Agricultural Experiment Stations were applied. Four types of recommendations including the current Illinois recommendation, Hoeft recommendation, NES, and maximum economic recommendation were compared with each other for the crop yields, profits, recovery rate, and N losses to cornfields. The N rate of NES recommendation, considering productivity index (PI), soil organic matter content (SOM), and pre-sidedressing nitrate concentration (PSNT) level, was the lowest in comparison to those of other recommendations. However, N recovery rate in NES was generally higher and the resulting N loss was lower than others. But, adherence to the recommendations may also reduce farmers income if environmental expense did not considered. Therefore, NES will be more effective by adding the factors including environmental expense, tillage systems, crop rotation, and other agricultural management parameters.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

N fertilizer recommendations to optimize with consideration to maximum crop yields, maximum profits, and minimum N losses to ground or runoff water, an advisory system. Nitrogen Expert System (NES), was developed. The system was to estimate the optimal rate of N fertilizer application cornfields in Illinois. NES was constructed using Smart Elements, a knowledge-based system that manages the expertise of human experts. NES was reinforced by addition of the effect of a productivity index (PI), soil organic matter content (SOM), and pre-sidedressing of nitrate concentration (PSNT) to the optimal N fertilizer recommendation. NES contains 49 rules, 1 class, 14 objects, and 2 properties. NES was successfully operated, showing N recommendations with inputs of three soil properties including PI, SOM, and PSNT. NES can reduce N loss to the environment, but adherence to the recommendations may also reduce farmers income. Therefore, NES will be more effective by evaluating both environmental damage assessment and other economic agricultural management parameters and other soil physico-chemical parameters.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.204-209
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• 2021

This study is a data analysis study to identify the factors influencing the prevalence and risk factors for falls of older adults with dementia in Korea. Using the data of the 7th Aging Research Panel in 2018, 119 people were enrolled. We used response data on the dementia-related factors that is the duration of dementia and whether or not activity of daily living was restricted due to dementia. For comorbid diseases, data on hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were used. For statistical analysis of the collected data, logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS statistics 22.0. Dementia-related factors and comorbidities of the analyzed subjects had a significant effect on the falling index. In particular, it was found that the influence was greatest in the order of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, daily life restrictions due to dementia, and the duration of dementia. This study is meant to identify factors that should be prioritized in the composition of a fall prevention program for the elderly with dementia. Based on the findings of this study, strategies for preventing falls due to the duration of dementia and limiting daily life, intensive management of high-risk groups for falls due to comorbid diseases, and training in the use of safety aids such as walking aids will be required in the care of the elderly with dementia,

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2021

This study sought to reveal spawning period and sex inversion of black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii collected off the coast of Tongyeong, Korea. The monthly gonodosomatic index (GSI) showed the same pattern of between both sexes, and it was estimated that black seabream spawned once a year (between April and May). Histological examination revealed the transition from male to female sex, size of fork length bisexual gonad with ovarian (primary hermaphrodite; progress from male to female, MF) was seen at 20.5 to 39.6 cm and bisexual gonad with testicular (post hermaphrodite; female development and Male degeneration, FM) was seen at 26.4 to 50.2 cm. The egg diameters was in the range of 0.02 to 0.60 mm, with the smallest average egg diameter of 0.09 mm in February, the highest average egg diameters of 0.43 mm in August, and the range of fecundity was number of eggs 277,148 (33.9 cm) to 2,772,421 (34.1 cm).

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.271-290
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• 2018

The study aims to analyze the effects of socio-economic deprivation on suicidal ideation. The analysis data were used as a guide for Korea Welfare Panel Study 9. the frequency analysis, mean difference analysis, correlation analysis, and logistic regression were performed by SPSS programs. The results of analysis are as follows. First, The results of frequency analysis by deprivation type showed a high frequency of deprivation in the following order. Experience of not receiving a public pension, experience of being able to work but unemployed, experience of not being able to eat a balanced diet due to financial difficulties, and experience where you had nothing to eat but no more money to buy. Second, the average difference analysis shows that when a person does not have a spouse, the lower the academic background and the income level, the higher the likelihood of suicide. Third, regression analysis shows that the following deprivation patterns have a statistically significant effect on older adults' thoughts of suicide. Experience in which the respondents or their family could not go to hospital because they had no money, experience that move house because is back rent more than 2 months or can not pay rent, experience that they could not afford to buy food and eat well-balanced meals, experience of failing to pay your bills on time, experience of being able to work but not having a job, and experience in which financial difficulties left them short of food and no money to live. Based on such research results, some policy measures, such as the expanding management of medical care benefits cases, the improvement of elderly housing, residential conditions and the diet survey for the elderly, and the expansion of measures to support elderly people's tax rates, were proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide basic data for prevention of osteoporosis by examining the factors affecting bone mineral density in pregnant mothers. This investigation was a descriptive research study that analyzed a total of 137 medical records. Differences in T-score between general and obstetric characteristics were assessed by independent t-tests and one way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The mean age of the subjects was 32.4 years and the mean T-score was 0.34. The BMI measured at 4 weeks after delivery was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the normal group and the overweight group (F=11.935, p<.001). The BMD was significantly higher in subjects with sufficient vitamin D than in subjects with insufficient vitamin D, in subjects with insufficient vitamin D than in subjects with deficiency vitamin D (F=4.906, P=0.009). BMD was significantly higher in cases without experience of abortion than those with more than one experience of abortion (t=4.264, p<.001), and the normal delivery was significantly higher than that of cesarean section (t= 2.019, p=.046). Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to actively prevent the factors affecting BMD during pregnancy and delivery. The findings presented herein can be used as basic data for the management of osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2019

The present study aimed to develop a sports psychological skill training program and to test its applicability to improve the performance of national wheelchair curling players. A total of 4 participants completed the study. Subjects have been to 12 sessions of 6 different psychological skills training programs (routine training, attentional focus training, writing practice training in diary, relation training, self-control training, and positive self-talk training). The effectiveness of psychological skills training has been evaluated with 6 questionnaires and EEG measurement. The result was that psychological skills training had improved coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, and concentration, self-management and reduced anxiety of Korean national wheelchair curling player. The result was that the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index showed negative emotional states before psychological skill training but positive emotional states after. The result implies that psychological skill training plays an important mediating role in bringing about positive effects in the psychological elements and competitiveness in national wheelchair curling players.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.100-116
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• 2019

Urban green spaces, as a means to mitigate social problems and environmental risks, are getting more attention in evaluating urban environment. The inequity of green space distribution is becoming a major issue in urban planning and management. This study investigated the characteristics of green space in 3 districts (Jung-gu, Dongdaemun-gu, Seongdong-gu), that are composed of 46 administrative divisions in central Seoul, to analyze the environmental equity of urban green spaces. The correlations between the amount of green space, including the coverage of street trees, and the socioeconomic status of each administrative division were analyzed. To deduce the effects of plant coverage on the urban temperature regime, the relationship between the normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) was analyzed. The research revealed that the mean NDVI of an administrative division was negatively correlated with the percentage of basic living recipients and disabled people. The LST of a division with low NDVI was higher due to the lack of green coverage. Such environmental inequities were closely related to residential building type, which was strongly affected by the economic status of residents. The LST of an apartment area was $2.0^{\circ}C$ lower than that of single-family houses and multi-housing areas. This is expected as the average NDVI of the apartment area was more than twice as high as the other environments considered in this study. The inequity can be exacerbated without urban planning which is deliberately designed to reduce it.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of how the trauma care system applied on the management of trauma patient within the region. Methods: We divided the patients in a pre-trauma system group and a post-trauma system group according to the time when we began to apply the trauma care system in the Halla Hospital after designation of a trauma center. We compared annual general characteristics, injury severity score, the average numbers of the major trauma patients, clinical outcomes of the emergency department, and mortality rates between the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in the annual patients' average age ($54.1{\pm}20.0$ vs. $52.8{\pm}18.2$, p=0.201), transportation pathways (p=0.462), injury mechanism (p=0.486), injury severity score (22.93 vs. 23.96, p=0.877), emergency room (ER) stay in minutes (199.17 vs. 194.29, p=0.935), time to operation or procedure in minutes (154.07 vs. 142.1, p=0.767), time interval to intensive care unit (ICU) in minutes (219.54 vs. 237.13, p=0.662). The W score and Z score indicated better outcomes in post-trauma system group than in pre-trauma system group (W scores, 2.186 vs. 2.027; Z scores, 2.189 vs. 1.928). However, when analyzing survival rates for each department, in the neurosurgery department, in comparison with W score and Z score, both W score were positive and Z core was higher than +1.96. (pre-trauma group: 3.426, 2.335 vs. post-trauma group: 4.17, 1.967). In other than the neurosurgery department, W score was positive after selection, but Z score was less than +1.96, which is not a meaningful outcome of treatment (pre-trauma group: -0.358, -0.271 vs. post-trauma group: 1.071, 0.958). Conclusions: There were significant increases in patient numbers and improvement in survival rate after the introduction of the trauma system. However, there were no remarkable change in ER stay, time to ICU admission, time interval to emergent procedure or operation, and survival rates except neurosurgery. To achieve meaningful survival rates and the result of the rise of the trauma index, we will need to secure sufficient manpower, including specialists in various surgical area as well as rapid establishment of the trauma center.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.219-227
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• 2019

This study aims to examine Blockchain research trend using bibliometrics-based network analysis. The data were collected from WoS, Scopus, Korea Citation Index and National science & Technology Information Service, from 2009 to 2018. As results, the number of publications has started increasing rapidly from 2017 and it showed the initial stage of formation of coauthor network. Words often used in the title of the publications were related to application development, controversy and technology development. In addition, the majority of domestic papers are in the subject of social science, while international papers tend to focus on engineering issues. The results of the temporal analysis show that Korean researchers' block chain 3.0 started in 2017 and are rapidly increasing in 2018. The number of citations was associated with publication year in a statistically signifiant way. By examining these research trends, we hope that this paper can be a useful basis for the development of blockchain. Future research is expected to reveal more clearly the knowledge structure and characteristics of blockchain around the world.