• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2014

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic chemical commonly used as a degreasing agent, and it is usually found in a colorless or blue liquid form. TCE has a sweet, chloroform-like odor, and this volatile chlorinated organic chemical can cause toxic hepatitis, neurophysiological disorders, skin disorders, and hypersensitivity syndromes. However, the hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) attributed to TCE has rarely been reported. We hereby describe a case of HP associated with TCE in a 29-year-old man who was employed as a lead welder at a computer repair center. He was installing the capacitors on computer chip boards and had been wiped down with TCE. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dry coughs, night sweats, and weight losses for the past two months. HP due to TCE exposure was being suspected due to his occupational history, and the results of a video-associated thoracoscopic biopsy confirmed the suspicions. Symptoms have resolved after the steroid pulse therapy and his occupational change. TCE should be taken into consideration as a potential trigger of HP. Early recognition and avoidance of the TCE exposure in the future is important for the treatment of TCE induced HP.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

Environmental Enrichment (EE) alone is not capable of enhancing the fine digit and the forelimb functions. Therefore, we applied modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) under the influence of EE to assess its effect on promoting improved forelimb sensorimotor functions. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (60 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Before MCAO induction, all rats were trained in modified limb placing tests and reaching tasks for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: application of standard environment (SE) after MCAO induction (n=20), Group II: application of EE after MCAO induction (n=20), Group III: MCAO+EE, mCIMT and task-oriented training that was initiated at 10th day after MCAO induction (n=20). We also applied mCIMT (between 9 AM and 5 PM/daily) which included restraining the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion using the 'Jones & Schallert' method. We assessed the change of modified limb placing, single pellet reaching test and the immunoreactivity of BDNF by immunohistochemistry (pre, 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th day). Group I showed no improved outcome, whereas group II and III significantly improved on the use of the forelimb and the immunoreactivity. The qualitative analysis of the skilled reaching test, of group III showed the greatest improvement in the fine digit and the forelimb function. These results suggest that EE combined with mCIMT is more functional in promoting enhanced fine digit and forelimb functional movements.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

To decide the number of road lane is very important and related to the 30th design hourly factor in the design of transportation facilities. But, as the quantitative division of road types is difficult, most planner and designer for deciding the 30th design hourly factors have used the fixed values in our country. In this study, we have analyzed the time series property of the design hourly factors in national highways and developed the model capable of estimating the 30th design hourly factors using real data. The presented model is a simple regression model(DHV = K*AADT), which is applied to the division of road lanes(2 or 4 lanes) and the level of AADT(3 levels). As a results, the simple regression model have better performance than the existing method with respect to MAPE and $R^2$. Also, the variations of the 30th design hourly factors are small. The more traffic volume increase, the more the factors decrease. But, the limitation of this study is to use the exiting method estimating the values of the factors, it is subject to study hereafter.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.488-493
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• 2008

This study compared the effect of injectable combinations of anesthetics on each of the fluorescein angiographic phases in order to determine the most useful anesthetic combination for the procedure. Acepromazineketamine (AK), xylazine-ketamine (XK), diazepam-ketamine (DK) and zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) group were administered randomly to 8 dogs with a two-week interval between different combination doses. The vital signs including the heart rate and arterial pressure were measured before anesthesia and every five minutes during anesthesia. Serial angiographic images were obtained after injecting a sodium fluorescein dye (25 mg/kg) and the onset time of arterial phase (AP), arteriovenous phase (AVP), early venous phase (EVP) and late venous phases (LVP) were recorded. The onset time of the AP, AVP and EVP were significantly slower in the AK and XK groups than in the DK and ZT groups. The total duration of the AP and AVP in the AK group was significantly longer than those in the ZT group. The heart rates were significantly higher in the DK and ZT groups. The arterial pressure was significantly higher in the AK and XK groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences in each angiographic onset time and duration depending on the changes in the heart rates and arterial pressure. The AK and XK groups showed a long angiographic duration allowing an accurate evaluation. Overall, it is believed that AK and XK are more useful for performing fluorescein retinal angiography than DK and ZT.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1982

113 patients with nodular goiter were studied cytologically by needle aspiration for differential diagnosis at the department of internal medicine, Chung Nam National University Hospital since October 1980 till July 1981, and the final diagnosis taken from biopsies were compared with the cytologic method on the 44 cases who received operation. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Among the 113 cases of total patients, male were 15 cases (13.3%) and female were 98 cases (86.7%) and the sex ratio (M:F) was 1 : 6.5. The peak age incidence was in the third decade followed by forth and second decades. 2. The findings of cytological diagnosis in 113 cases showed benign adenoma in 69 cases (61.1 %), Subacute and chronic thyroiditis in 22 cases(19.5%), papillary carcinoma in 15 cases (13.3%) and follicular carcinoma in 7 cases (6.2%), respectively, and 48 cases (69.6%) of the.adenomas and 2 cases(9.1%) of papillary carcinomas showed combined cystic degeneration of the nodules. 3. The diameter of the nodules by palpation revealed within $2\sim5cm$ in 88 cases (77.9%) out of 113 cases, below 2 cm in 17 cases and over 5cm in 8 cases and there were no significant relationship between the size of the nodule and disease entity. 4. The findings of thyroid scintigram using $^{131}I$ in 113 cases of nodular goiter showed "cold nodule" in 111 cases (98.2%) and normal scan (radioactivity) in 2 cases (1.8%) which showed adenoma in cytology and there was no cases with "hot nodule". 5. The thyroid functions of the 113 cases revealed as euthyroidism in 108 cases (95. 6%), hypothyroidism in 2 cases (1.8%) who showed chronic thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism in 3 cases (2.7%) in adenomas but there was no evidence that the nodules of the above 3 cases were the reason of hyperthyroidism. 6. In 44 operated cases, the histological diagnosis revealed 23 cases of adenoma out of 27 cases(85.2%) who were diagnosed as adenoma by cytology and 15 cases of malignancy out of 17 cases (88.2 %), and the overall diagnostic accuracy of aspiration cytology was 86.4 %.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2010

Purpose: Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic disease, characterized by the presence of extremely fragile skin and formation of recurrent blister resulting from even a minor mechanical injury. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is recognized as a complication of the chronic scarring associated with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). When a soft tissue defect happens in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa, it is difficult to cover it with a skin graft or a flap. We describe the successful use of a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for the reconstruction of SCC associated with DEB in the groin. Methods: A 29-year-old man diagnosed with DEB at birth sustained an ulcer increasing in the right groin for the last 7 months. Under general anesthesia, the mass lesion and lymph nodes were removed and the resulting defect was covered with a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Results: The flap survived completely and his postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed a SCC in the right groin and malignant tumor cells in the removed lymph nodes as well. Additional positron emission tomogram showed a malignant lesion in the ileocecal area with regional lymph node metastasis. The patient was referred to an oncologist for chemotheraphy, but the patient refused to take it. During a 4-month follow-up period, there was no recurrence in the right groin. Conclusion: We suggest that perforator flaps can be considered as a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in a patient with DEB.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.29-50
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• 2008

This thesis is an introduction and critique of the recently released 'Wongyo-Jinjeok(원교진적)'. 'Wongyo-Jinjeok' is the critique of Seokjeong Jeong-Jik Lee (석정 이정직, 1841-1910), a practical scientist and writer during the last years of the Korean Empire, on the calligraphy of Wongyo(원교) Gwang-Sa Lee (이광사, 1705-1777). Even though whether or not Seokjeong follows the flow of Donggukjinche(동국진체) is to be determined by the specialists in this field, this thesis is based on the view that Seokjeong was influenced by Donggukjinche. The academic value of 'Wongyo-Jinjeok' is Seokjeong's preface and epilogue which critiques Wongyo's writing. 'Wongyo-Jinjeok'is a collection of calligraphic specimens from the 18 pieces of Chinese poetry Wongyo had written before and after June 1756 which was the year after he was banished to Booryung. Seokjeong critiqued the writing of Wongyo from the perspective of calligraphic history in the preface and epilogue of 'Wongyo-Jinjeok'. Seokjeong had been positive about Wongyo's taking after the pre-Wangheejee calligraphic style. But at the same time, Seokjeong thought that Wongyo's ability to create was limited by the public morals of that time. Such thought of Seokjeong can be interpreted as an evaluation of Wongyo's calligraphy as having been externally stern but failing to transcend the realm of mastery to the realm of creation.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.9
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• pp.327-349
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• 1997

Luftfrachtersatzverkehr ist der Transport von Luftfrachtgut von Flughafen zu Flughafen unter einem Luftfrachtbrief im $Oberfl{\ddot{a}}chentransport$ urn die erste und/oder letzte Teilstrecke einer als Gesamtstrecke vereinbarten $Luftfrachtbef{\ddot{o}}rderung$. These Strecken $f{\ddot{u}}hren$ von nationalen oder intemationalen $Flugh{\tilde{a}}fen$ zurn Zentralflughafen ($_"Hub"$) der Luftverkehrsgesellschaft bzw. in urngekehrter Richtung vom Zentralflughafen hin zu den einzelnen nationalen oder intemationalen $Flugh{\ddot{a}}fen$. Die Vorteile des Luftfrachtersatzverkehrs sind offenkundig, daher auch sein $st{\ddot{a}}ndiges$ Anwachsen. Allerdings bestand bei den Luftverkehrsgesellschaften jahrelang eine $gro{\ss}e$ Unsicherheit, wie dieser Luftverkehr, der eben nicht in der Luft $durchgef{\ddot{u}}hrt$ wird, rechtlich zu qualifizieren sei. Stellte die $Bef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ von $Luftfrachtg{\ddot{u}}tem$ auf der $Stra{\ss}e$ einen Bruch des $Luftbef{\ddot{o}}rderungsvertrages$ dar, so wie im Schadensfall die $Gesch{\ddot{a}digten$, Absender oder $Empf{\ddot{a}}nger$ des betreffenden Gutes, der Luftverkehrgesllschft auf Art. 18 Abs. 3 oder Art. 31 Warschauer Abkommen(WA) berufen? Folge dieser Unsicherheit war, $da{\ss}$ ${\ddot{u}}ber$ lange Jahre hinweg die Luftverkehrsgesellschaften sich scheuten, diese Frage einer gerichtlichen $Kl{\ddot{a}}rung$ $zuzuf{\ddot{u}}hren$, Eher war man geneigt, sich mit dem Anspruchsgegner $au{\ss}ergerichtlich$ zu vergleichen, selbst wenn dies bedeutete, $da{\ss}$ man sich nicht auf die $Haftungsbeschr{\ddot{a}}nkungen$ des Art. 22 WA berufen konnte, als ein Urteil zu erstreiten, welcher $m{\ddot{o}}glicherweise$ der Praxis der $Luftfrachtersatzbef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ einen - rechtlichen - Riegel vorgeschoben $h{\ddot{a}}tte$. Diese Unsicherheit ist jedoch durch die Entscheidung die erste und wohl auch bislang einzige $h{\ddot{o}}chstrichterliche$ Entscheidung zur $Luftfrachtersatzbef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ nicht nur in Deutschland, sondem soger in Europa. Die Luftverkehrsgesellschaften $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$ mit dieser Entscheidung gut leben. Bei emer $vertragsgem{\ddot{a}}{\ss}en$ $Luftfrachtersatzbef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ haftet der $Luftfrachtf{\ddot{u}}hrer$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $Sch{\ddot{a}}den$ $anl{\ddot{a}}{\ss}lich$ der mit dem Luftfahrzeug $ausgef{\ddot{u}}hrten$ Teilstrecke nach den Vorsschriften des Warschauer Abkommens und $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $Sch{\ddot{a}}den$ $anl{\ddot{a}}{\ss}lich$ der mit einem $Oberfl{\ddot{a}}chenbef{\ddot{o}}rderungsmittel$ $ausgef{\ddot{u}}hrten$ Teilstrecke nach den Vorschriften, welche $f{\ddot{u}}r$ das $tats{\ddot{a}}chlich$ eingesetzte ransportmittel $einschl{\ddot{a}}gig$ sind. Bei unbekanntem Schadensort haftet der $Luftfrachtf{\ddot{u}}hrer$ nach dem jeweils $sch{\ddot{a}}rfsten$ der in Betracht kommenden Rechte. Bei emer vertragwidrigen $Luftfrachtersatzbef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ haftet der $Luftfrachtf{\ddot{u}}hrer$ nach dem Recht des vereinbarten $Bef{\ddot{o}}rderungsmittels$, da sich auf dieses Recht der Vertragspartner des $Luftfrrachtf{\ddot{u}}hrers$ eingerichtet hatte. Der $Luftfrachtf{\ddot{u}}frer$ haftet aber auch nach dem Recht des $tats{\ddot{a}}chlich$ eingesetzten $Bef{\ddot{o}}rderungsmittels$, da er sich in dessen Haftungsordnung durch die einseitige Wahl des $Bef{\ddot{o}}rderungsmittels$ selbst hineingestellt hat. Bei unbekanntem Schadensort haftet der $Luftfrachtf{\ddot{u}}hrer$ nach dem jeweils $sch{\ddot{a}}rfsten$ der in Betracht kommenden Rechte.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2009

Purpose: The PET/CT has a clear distinction on the lesion of the functional image by adding anatomical information. It also could reduce the examination time using CT data as the attenuation-correction. When the stomach was contracted from a fast, it could bring a misinterpretation of the cancer of the lesion with a presence of physiological $^{18}F$-FDG uptake in stomach and it occasionally would bring an additional scan to confirm. To complement this shortcoming, the method that the patients had water before the examination to extend the stomach had been attempted. However, a short excretion time of the stomach did not give sufficiently extended image of the stomach. Then the patients had additional water and had the examination again. Therefore, the noticed fact is that the stomach excretion time depends on calories, protein content, and the level of carbohydrate. In this study, we use an orange juice to evaluate the extension of the stomach and usefulness of it. Materials and Methods: PET/CT scan were obtained on total 150 of patient from February 2008 to October2008, There were 3 groups in this study and each group had 50 patients. First group drank nothing, Second group drank water and third group drank orange juice. The patients (man 25, female 25) not drinking are the age of 30~71 years old (average: 54), the patients (man: 25, female: 25) drinking water (400 cc) are the age of 28~71 years old (average: 54) and the patients (man: 25, female: 25) drinking orange juice (400 cc) are the age of 32~74 years old (average: 56). The patients were fasted in 6-8 hours before the test, the patients were not diabetic. $^{18}F$-FDG 370~555 MBq were injected intravenously. The patients were in stable position for 1 hour, than the image was obtained. The patients drank water and other patients drank orange juice before Whole body scan. The image scan started from mid-femur to skull base. The emission scan acquired for three minutes per bed and the images were reconstructed. Stomach extension analysis is measured from vertical and horizontal length. Results: Stomach Extension was described as the vertical length of the Non Drink Group was $1.20{\pm}0.50\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.4{\pm}0.53\;cm$, the vertical length of the Water Drink Group was $1.67{\pm}0.63\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.65{\pm}0.77\;cm$, the vertical length of Orange juice Drink Group was $3.48{\pm}0.77\;cm$, horizontal length was $3.66{\pm}0.77\;cm$ in coronal image. Stomach Extension was described the vertical length of the Non Drink Group was $2.03{\pm}0.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $1.69{\pm}0.68\;cm$, the vertical length of Water Drink Group was $5.34{\pm}1.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $2.45{\pm}0.72\;cm$, the vertical length of Orange juice Drink Group was $7.74{\pm}1.62\;cm$, horizontal length was $3.57{\pm}0.77\;cm$ in transverse image. The Stomach Extension has specific differences (p<0.001). The SUVs shows the Non Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.52{\pm}0.42$, Lung $0.51{\pm}0.14$, the Water Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung $0.50{\pm}0.14$, Orange juice Drink Group were measured as Liver $2.47{\pm}0.38$, Lung $0.50{\pm}0.14$. The SUVs did not have specific differences (p>0.759). Conclusions: There was not a large difference of SUV in three groups. When the patients drank Orange juice and water, the range extension of stomach was higher than without drinking nothing and it was possible to acquire fully extended images. Therefore, it will be possible that unnecessary additional stomach scans will be reduced by drinking orange juice before the examination so that the patients' claim from uncomfortable and long period of fast will be minimized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.510-513
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• 2003

Annuloaortic ectasia, aortic regurgitation(AR), and ventricular septal defect(VSD) in patients with right ventricular hypoplasia is a very rare condition. We report a patient who underwent aortic root replacement with a composite graft for annuloaortic ectasia associated with VSD and AR in right ventricular hypoplasia. The patient was a 19 year-old male. Transthoraic echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization revealed a perimembranous VSD (2 cm in diameter), severe AR, annuloaortic ectasia, bipartite right ventricle with hapoplasia, and hypoplastic tricuspid valve. Operative findings showed that free margins of the right and noncoronary cusps were markedly elongated, thickened, and retracted, and commissure between the right coronary cusp and the noncoronary cusp was fused and calcified. VSD was closed with an autologous pericardial patch and composite graft aortic root replacement using direct coronary button reimplantation was performed, and the hypertrophic muscle of the right ventricular outflow tract was resected. The patient had transient weaning failure of cardiopulmonary bypass and was discharged at the postoperative 14 days without any problems.