• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 1999

Chordoma is a slow-growing malignant neoplasm arising from the remnants of the primitive notochord. It accounts for 1 to 4% of all malignant bone tumors. It occurs exclusively along the spinal axis. Authors experienced four cases of chordoma occurred in the sacrococcygeal region. There were two male and two female patients, with a mean age of 63.5 years(range, 57~75 years). Tissue was obtained by wide excision in two patients, by incisional biopsy in one patient and by needle biopsy in the other. Adjuvant radiation therapy was performed on all the patients after their biopsy. The mean diameter of the tumors was 7.6cm(range, 5.5 to 13.0cm). Grossly, tumor was multiobulated, soft and myxoid gelatinous mass. Microscopically, the tumor showed lobulated feature divided by fibrous septa within it. There were physaliphorous cells with vacuolated bubbly cytoplasm. And small uniform, round, and non-vacuolated tumor cells were also present. On immunohistochemical stain, all the cases were immunoreactive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen(EMA) and vimentin, respectively. One of the 4 cases was positive for S-100 protein. All the cases were negative for CEA.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1284-1289
• /
• 1998

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm that occurs frequently in the extremities of young adults, near large joints. The lung is a common site of metastasis but an extremely unusual primary site for synovial sarcoma. We report an unusual case of primary synovial sarcoma that arose in the lung of a 59-year-old woman. The tumor had histologic and immunophenotypic features consistent with biphasic synovial sarcoma These features included of an intimate admixture of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)-positive neoplastic epithelial cells and vimentin-positive fibroblast-like spindle cells. The patient had a closed thoracomy drainage and doxycycline pleurodesis for malignant loculated effusion and showed tumor extension in the left whole lung 4 months after pleurodesis. This case is an usual addition to the small number of published reports on primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma The distintive features of this neoplasm allow it to be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic malignancies in the lung.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2006

Objectives: The p53 tumor suppressor gene has a key role in cellular control mechanisms involving apoptosis and DNA repair, leading to the G1 arrest following DNA damage. Its mutation is one of the most frequent alterations in human cancers. Ki-67 is identified in replicating cells of both benign and malignant lesions, so it can be the predictor of proliferative activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of p53 and Ki-67 in salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect expression of p53 and Ki-67 in paraffin-embedded samples from 31 benign and 27 malignant salivary gland tumors. Results were analyzed between benign and malignant tumors and compared with the clinical parameters such as stage and recurrence in malignant tumors. Results: p53 overexpression was detected in 19.6% of benign tumors and 40.7% of malignant tumors, but there was no statistical significance. p53 was significantly expressed in Warthin's tumor(45.5%) compared with pleomorphic adenoma(5.9%). Only 5.9% of pleomorphic adenoma were positive for p53, while 60% of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were positive for p53. Ki-67 was expressed in 3.2% of benign tumors and 51.9% of malignant tumors, which showed significant higher expression in malignant tumors. In malignant tumors, p53 and Ki-67 expressions bore no correlation to stage and recurrence. Conclusion: p53 overexpression is not associated with the progression of malignant tumors, and Ki-67 overexpression can be used as biologic indicator of malignant salivary gland tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 1996

Angiosarcoma of the bone is rare with an incidence of 0.13%. It may be solitary or multiple. Its cytologic findings by FNA have rarely been reported. We report a case of angiosarcoma of the rib in a 66 year-old man. FNA revealed single or clusters of round to oval shaped cells in a hemorrhagic and myxoid background. The large central nuclei had irregular nuclear membrane, chromatin clumping and prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was scanty with an eosinophilic distinct cytoplasmic border. Erythrophagocytosis by malignant cells was also found. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma revealing irregular and complex anastomosing vascular channels lined by malignant round tumor cells, protruding into the lumen. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse strong positive reaction to factor VIII-related antigen and CD31.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2014

Objective : With the growing interests of bacteria as a targeting vector for cancer treatment, diverse genetically engineered Salmonella has been reported to be capable of targeting primary or metastatic tumor regions after intravenous injection into mouse tumor models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) to access the glioma xenograft, which was monitored in mouse brain tumor models using optical bioluminescence imaging technique. Methods : U87 malignant glioma cells (U87-MG) stably transfected with firefly luciferase (Fluc) were implanted into BALB/cAnN nude mice by stereotactic injection into the striatum. After tumor formation, attenuated S. typhimurium expressing bacterial luciferase (Lux) was injected into the tail vein. Bioluminescence signals from transfected cells or bacteria were monitored using a cooled charge-coupled device camera to identify the tumor location or to trace the bacterial migration. Immunofluorescence staining was also performed in frozen sections of mouse glioma xenograft. Results : The injected S. typhimurium exclusively localized in the glioma xenograft region of U87-MG-bearing mouse. Immunofluorescence staining also demonstrated the accumulation of S. typhimurium in the brain tumors. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that S. typhimurium can target glioma xenograft, and may provide a potentially therapeutic probe for glioma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.289-292
• /
• 2003

Primary malignant melanoma occurring in the lung is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literatures. We have experienced one case of primary malignant melanoma of the right middle lobe. The patient was a 65-year-old male who had cough with blood tinged sputum for one month. Chest computed tomography showed about 4.5$\times$3 cm sized mass at the right middle lobe encasing the bronchus. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and confirmed to malignant melanoma. Physical examination and additional clinical history showed that the mass had not metastasized to other possible primary sites. The patient underwent thoracotomy with right middle lobe lobectomy. Histologically, the tumor showed sheets of tumor cells that have nuclear atypia and melanin pigment Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been followed up for 24 months with no recurrence.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 1995

Cytodiagnosis of pleural and ascitic fluid is a commonly performed laboratory examination. Especially, positivity for malignant cells in effusion cytology is very effective and also presents the first sign of malignancy in unknown primary site of the tumor. We examined each 34 cases of pleural and ascitic fluid cytologic specimen diagnosed as metastatic tumor, which was selected among 964 pleural fluid cytology cases and 662 ascitic fluid cytology cases from September 1989 to June 1995. Among the pleural fluid cytology specimens examined, 34 specimens were positive in 27 patients. The lung was the most frequent primary site(44%), followed by the stomach (12%), lymphoreticular neoplasm(12%), pancreas(3%) and colon(3%). And the cases of unknown primary site with positive pleural biopsy alone were 24%. Among trio ascitic fluid cytology specimens examined, 34 specimens were positive in 29 patients. The most common primary neoplasms. were carcinomas of ovary(32%), stomach(22%), colon(6%), breast(3%), pancreas(3%), and lung(3%) and lymphoreticular neoplasms(3%) The metastatic tumor was predominantly adenocarcinoma type in both pleural(82%) and ascitic(91%) fluid. The study of metastatic adeno- carcinoma in effusion from lung, ovary, and stomach was undertaken to find distinctive features for the identification of the primary site. The smears of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma had a tendency to show high grade pleomorphism and many large tight cell clusters, whereas that of the ovarian adenocarcinoma showed low grade pleomorphism with abundant intracytoplasmic vacuoles in relatively clear background. That of the stomach revealed the intermediate features.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.13
• /
• pp.5359-5364
• /
• 2015

Background: Multiple complex pathways are operable in the evolution of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs). These pathways involve interaction between neoplastic T cells and cells of the immune system (especially dendritic cells and the non-malignant T cells). Granulysin is a proinflammatory antimicrobial peptide which has an immune alarmin function, activating dendritic cells, as well as an active role in tumor immunology and prognosis. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells Tregs are an important player in the immune system. Much controversy is found in the literature about the role of Tregs in CTCL. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the expression of granulysin and FOXP3 in mycosis fungoides (MF), its precursor lesion large plaque parapsoriasis and its leukemic form ;$s\acute{e}ezary$ syndrome (SS). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of granulysin and FOXP3 were assessed in lesional skin biopsies taken from 58 patients (4 large plaque parapsoriasis, 48 MF and 6 SS). Results: Granulysin positivity was cytoplasmic and higher in MF than in parapsoriasis en plaque and higher in the more advanced stages of MF (p<0.001). All groups showed significant differences between each other except between MF tumor stage and SS. FOXP3 positivity was nuclear and higher in early stage MF (plaque and patch stages) than in tumor stages and SS (p<0.001). However the FOXP3 count was lower in parapsoriasis en plaque than in other stages of MF. All the groups showed significant differences between each other except between parapsoriasis and SS and between patch and plaque stages of MF. Conclusions: The present study supports a role for granulysin in MF progression and proposes a novel hypothesis about the effect of FOXP3 +veTregs in the suppression of the activity of the neoplastic cells in MF.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.567-576
• /
• 2017

The $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger is responsible for maintaining the acidic tumor microenvironment through its promotion of the reabsorption of extracellular $Na^+$ and the extrusion of intracellular $H^+$. The resultant increase in the extracellular acidity contributes to the chemoresistance of malignant tumors. In this study, the chemosensitizing effects of cariporide, a potent $Na^+/H^+-exchange$ inhibitor, were evaluated in human malignant mesothelioma H-2452 cells preadapted with lactic acid. A higher basal level of phosphorylated (p)-AKT protein was found in the acid-tolerable H-2452AcT cells compared with their parental acid-sensitive H-2452 cells. When introduced in H-2452AcT cells with a concentration that shows only a slight toxicity in H-2452 cells, cariporide exhibited growth-suppressive and apoptosis-promoting activities, as demonstrated by an increase in the cells with pyknotic and fragmented nuclei, annexin V-PE(+) staining, a $sub-G_0/G_1$ peak, and a $G_2/M$ phase-transition delay in the cell cycle. Preceding these changes, a cariporide-induced p-AKT down-regulation, a p53 up-regulation, an ROS accumulation, and the depolarization of the mitochondrial-membrane potential were observed. A pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 markedly augmented the DNA damage caused by the cariporide, as indicated by a much greater extent of comet tails and a tail moment with increased levels of the p-histone H2A.X, $p-ATM^{Ser1981}$, $p-ATR^{Ser428}$, $p-CHK1^{Ser345}$, and $p-CHK2^{Thr68}$, as well as a series of pro-apoptotic events. The data suggest that an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling is necessary to enhance the cytotoxicity toward the acidtolerable H-2452AcT cells, and it underlines the significance of proton-pump targeting as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome the acidic-microenvironment-associated chemotherapeutic resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2006

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-FU is generally given in oral and maxillofacial cancer. At tissue level both inflammation and fibrosis occur after chemotherapy. The cellular changes mimic those of a granulating wound, with activated macrophages and fibroblasts replacing the malignant cells as they are erradicated. Stromal cells, together with extracellular matrix components, provide the microenvironment that is pivotal for tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastatic progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), an important regulator of angiogenesis in cancer, induces mitogenesis of vascular endothelial cells, and vascular permeabilization and microvessel formation in a tumor are associated with tumor nutrition and oxygenation. Also, they are associated with chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Oxygen delivery to tumor appears to rely on a network of microvessels, On the other hand, the tumor microvessel is clearly an important factor in chemotherapeutic drug delivery to cancer cells, and the efficacy of drug delivery can be high in richly vascularized tumors. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on microvessel density from 11 patients with tongue cancers. Our results showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seemed to decrease VEGF expression in tumor cells, however, it did not significantly alter VEGF expression in tumor-associated macrophages. Also, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy had little effect on the microvessel density using CD34, and tumor-associated macrophage level using CD68. Thus, tumorassociated macrophages seem to be the key factor associated with the maintenance of microvessel density after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in tongue cancer.