• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.151-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure plan. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals : two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu : Kyung pooh University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as fellows : 1. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were male and $48.4\%$ were female. The two largest age groups were 30-39, $31.8\%$ and 20-29, $27.4\%$. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, $41.1\%$ and 4 to 5, $25.6\%$. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, $46.4\%$ among ,the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40-69 만원, $45.2\%$. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was $52.0\%$. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was $44.7\%$, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, $60.3\%$ were injured and in work places of 100-299 people, $20.1\%$ were injured. In manufacturing, the largest group injured was $55.3\%$, the next group was transport, storage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was $40.2\%$. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, $33.5\%$. The next group was unsafe habits, $30.2\%$ ; a lack of safety knowledge, $17.9\%$ ; and insufficient supervision, $12.3\%$. The 30-39 year age group head the highest number of injuries, $40.4\%$ ; work places with more than 10 years of work, $44.4\%$ ; work places with more than 1000 people, $56.3\%$ and mining accidents, $80.0\%$. Among. these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries $28.5\%$ as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects $17.3\%$, fire & electric $15.1\%$, strucke by an object $14.5\%$, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed $46.4\%$ among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5-10 year group, $50.0\%$ ; places employing more than 1000 workers, $35.3\%$ ; construction $73.7\%$, and construction workers $57.1\%$, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures $54.8\%$, trauma $14.5\%$, amputation $11.7\%$, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30-39 year age group, $63.2\%$ : over 10 years of work, $55.0\%$ ; in work places of 300-490 people, $63.6\%$ ; construction $63.2\%$ and general workers $57.2\%$. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity $45.3\%$, lower extremity $24.0\%$, trunk $18.5\%$ and head or neck $12.2\%$. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less than 20 years old $75.0\%$, less than 1 year or work $59.5\%$, in work places of 500-999 people $60.0\%$, manufacturing $56.6\%$ and production workers $55.6\%$. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 ; August, 22 people : July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people ; followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people ; followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work (r=2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation (r=4372) p<0.001.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.499-502
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• 2007

The study was performed to assess the antinociceptive efficacy of Korean bee venom(BV) in the rat formalin test. Korean BV was collected using BV collector devices in which an electrical impulse is used to stimulate the worker bee(Apis mellifera L.) to sting and release venom. After collection, whole Korean BV was evaporated until dry using BV collector. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats(weighing 260-270, 6 weeks old). Rats divided into 4 groups, each comprising 8 rats. BV was diluted and amounts of 6 mg/kg body weight(BW), 0.6 mg/kg BW and 0.06 mg/kg BW were tested. BV was subcutaneously injected to produce an antinociceptive effect and the antinociceptive efficacy was evaluated using a rat formalin test. BV was subcutaneously injected into an acupoint(Zusanli, ST36) at 15 min prior to 1% formalin($50{\mu}l$) injection. The antinociceptive effect observed during 60 min following formalin administration. BV produced antinociceptive efficacy from 10 to 60 min after formalin injection. The antinociceptive efficacy of Korean BV showed a dose-dependent response. These results suggest that Korean BV may be a suitable and preferred choice for antinociceptive efficacy in pain management.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.129-140
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand the labor division between men's housework and market work and to research the change of men's contribution to housework. And it was also examined what kinds of valuables work on a change in men's market work and housework. The information about men's change in the labor division was collected from the biggest 5 news papers in Korea for last five years for this study. And either men's new participation trend to household work did. Words searched for this study were men, labor, family, home, housewife, work, household work, father etc. Korean men have experienced a overloaded breadwinner role and have worked most in the world since 1960s. But Korean men's working time was continuously decreased a little every year. As Korean Companies had fired many worker during IMP economic crisis period, Korean men had to work more than before because of decreased fellows and they should have concentrated on their work at the sacrifice of private life and family-sharing time. On the other hand, some men were started to participate to do housework as a results of long-unemployment and early retirement after this periods. 5 day working system be in forced gradually since 2003 especially make men come back home and interest on housework. So Korean men's housework participation is gradually increasing by the practical application of sex-equitable politics such as 5 day working system and men's suspension regime for baby care. father's increased participation to children education and care, men's new family-oriented life style, dual-sexuality education system, and socially changed perception to husband housemaker. These interrelated trends demands us to shape a new labor division pattern in the family that make change the breadwinner/homemaker conception by the gender role. Now, all of family, men, women, and children have to join housework. It would help women, men, and all families make more human and equitable relationship.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the accommodative facility, blink rate and accommodative lag according to the change of angles of main viewpoint of near distance worker and study an appropriate viewing angle that mitigates asthenopia, such as headaches or eye fatigue accompanied when reading and staring at the computer or TV for a long time. Methods: Total of 27 people including 12 male university students and 15 female university students in the age of 20 to 36 with frequent near distance works, such as computers, were selected to study the accommodative facility, the blink rate and the accommodative lag in accordance with the change of viewing angles of the near distance workers. The refraction error was corrected completely and the phoropter was shifted to near distance mode to locate the near distance indication at 40 cm. The accommodative facility and the blink rate were measured for one minute at each viewing direction of $40^{\circ}$ downward, $20^{\circ}$ downward, horizontal, and $20^{\circ}$ upward directions based on the horizontal line and the accommodative lag was measured in dynamic retinoscopy using retinoscope. Results: As a result, when the main viewpoint was moved on upper direction from the $40^{\circ}$ below, the accommodative facility was reduced and the blink rate and the accommodative lag were increased so their eyes became dry and the accommodation response was reduced. Conclusions: In near distance works, the eye fatigue level can be minimized by locating a book or a computer screen $40^{\circ}$ below than the horizontal direction.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

Chilling temperature and colony development in Korean native bumblebee, Bombus ignitus and introduced B. terrestris were firstly investigated. Among four chilling temperatures of -2.5, 0, 2.5 and 5$^{\circ}C$, 2.5$^{\circ}C$ showed the best result at the survival rate after artificial hibernation in both species. The survival rate after chilling was somewhat higher in B. ignitus until three months of cold treatment, but it was higher in B. terrestris at four months of cold treatment. In colony development of queens broken diapause by CO$_2$ treatment, oviposition rate and preoviposition period of B. ignitus were 72.5％ and 17.4 days, respectively. These values were 6.1％ higher and 7.4 days shorter than those of B. terrestris. The period up to colony foundation, the first male and queen emergence of B. ignitus were 62.8,66.4 and 63.0 days, respectively, and these values were 2.1-29.5 days shorter than those of B. terrestris. But, the duration up to first worker emergence of B. ignitus and B. terrexrris did not differ as 28.6 and 28.4 days, respectively. On the other hand, the rate of colony foundation and progeny-queen production of B. terrestris, which are the important indication in evaluating the quality of colony, were 14.2 and 13.5％, respectively and these values are 3.8 to 5.7 fold higher than those of B. ignitus. Besides, the numbers of progenies of B. terrestris reached 104.2 workers, 317.9 males and 21.1 queens, which corresponded to 1.1-1.8 fold those at B. ignitus. Therefore, above results showed that colony development of B. terrestris is superior to that of B. ignitus.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

By studying the status of oral health provided by caregivers working in care facilities in accordance with their oral health awareness and knowledge, this thesis sought to find a plan of development to enhance the oral health for the elderly in care facilities. A survey was carried out from the 16th of August to the 2nd of September 2016, with 200 care givers as the subjects, working in 14 long-term care facilities for elderly, located in the city of D. Frequency analysis and independent sample t-test were conducted of the collected data, using SPSS 18.0. The results of the study were as follows; for gender, female was 91.5% which was higher than that of male, and married for marital status, 50 for age, highschool for education, christian for religion were shown to be the highest. The highest number of people for daily care was 6~7. In terms of status for providing oral health and oral health awareness of caregivers, the existence of oral hygiene guideline was statistically meaningful, and in terms of the status of oral health provided and oral health knowledge, there were notable differences in storage of dentures, and usage of mouthwash(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.278-290
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of total cholesterol levels (TC) and the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in response to changes in BMI. The subjects included a total of 28,249 industrial workers (25,548 male and 2,701 female) aged 30-69 years old who had received regular medical check-ups at least once per year from 2002 to 2012 (over 11 years). Data from this period were categorized into a first term (2002-2005), middle term (2006-2009), and last term (2010-2012). Then, the average TC was stratified by BMI, which was obtained from the initial examination results of each individual. In addition, average changes in TC were analyzed by stratifying with changes in BMI over 10 years (starting in 2002). The annual occurrence rates of hypercholesterolemia stratified by BMI were further assessed in patients with normal ranges of TC. In all three terms, the average TC was significantly elevated in the obese group ($25.0kg/m^2$) compared to the low weight group ($18.5kg/m^2$) and the normal weight group ($18.5-25.0kg/m^2$). Similarly, the group with higher BMI presented elevated rates of hypercholesterolemia compared to the groups with low BMI. In addition, increased BMI over the 10 year period significantly influenced TC. Consequently, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention for obesity control may be needed in order to manage the risk of high serum lipid levels.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 1999

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids of industrial workers. 226 for adult aged 20yr~59yr (average age 35.9yr) were selected as subjects during 6 months, from June to December, 1997. Nutrients intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows ; In total subjects, calories, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ were below Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances) and protein, iron, vitamin C, niacin and phosphorus were above Korean RDA. Distribution of BMI groups were underweight groups(7.9%), normalweight groups(63.3%) and overweight groups(28.8%). In BMI groups, intakes of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, niacin and potassium of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Intakes of calcium of underweight groups were lower than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.05). BMI increased with age. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, natrium and potassium were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Calcium and vitamin C were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.01). vitamin A and phosphorus were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.05). Total lipid, total-chol., triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). HDL-chol. were negatively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Above results, the more BMI and age increased, the worse patterns of serum lipid, so that increased atherogenic index that increased risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative chronic disease connected with serum lipid. After classified by BMI, age and lipid pattern, it will be managed individually for health management of industrial workers. Development and application of efficient program will be urgent for harmonious nutrition counseling and guidance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the difference of airborne lead concentration by type of lead industries and type of lead exposure and to evaluate their association with lead biomarkers of lead workers in 11 lead using industries. Total of 182 lead workers (male: 167, female: 15) from 11 lead industries were participated for this study from March, 2004 to August, 2005. Airborne lead concentration were measured by representative personal sampling of workers in each unit workplace and applied same concentration value to the workers in the same unit workplace who did not measure their airborne lead with personal air sampling. Tibia lead, blood lead, zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood, ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid in urine, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as study variables of indices of lead exposure. Information about type of lead exposure (fume or non-fume other), age, work duration, smoking & drinking habit were also collected. Significant differences were seen in the means of zinc protoporphyrin, blood lead and tibia lead in lead workers by different airborne lead concentration in workplace. While blood lead and tibia lead in lead workers were significantly higher in secondary smelting than other types of lead industries, zinc protoporphyrin, ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid in urine and airborne lead concentration were significantly higher in litharge manufacturing. While the mean blood lead was significantly higher in the lead workers working in fume type unit workplace than those of non-fume lead workers, the mean airborne lead concentration of fume workers was significantly lower than non-fume lead workers. In the multiple regression analysis of airborne lead concentration and the type of lead exposure on tibia lead and lead exposure indices after adjustment of related covariates, airborne lead concentration was statistically significantly associated with blood lead and tibia lead, but the type of lead exposure was only associated with blood lead. To verify the causal association of airborne lead concentration on blood lead and tibia lead, further studies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 1993

This study was carried out to analyze the factors of the perieved symptoms of fatigue of the industrial workers, to examine the inter-relatisnship of the above factors with their general charactenstics and the environments of working area for the examination of their health status and the effective health management of them. This study was undertaken from December 1 to December 20, 1990. The subjets were 495 workers who had worked at the Industrial complex located in Chonbuk Province. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The worker's percieved symptoms of fatigue were classified to the following seven factors; A) Musculo-Skeletal Symptoms, B) Neuro-Psychial Symptoms, C) Optical Symptoms, D) Heart Symptoms, E) Head Symptoms, F) Respiratory Symptoms, G) Genital Symptoms 2. Analysis of the inter-relationship of their percieved symptoms of fatigue with general characteristics; 1) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to sexuality was significant; Female were higher than Male $(p{\leqq}0.001$, p<0.005) 2) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to age was significant; Age group under 24 years of age were higher than the other's group (p<0.001). 3) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to the level of education was significant; Workers who stand on a low intellectual were higher than workers on a high intellectual level. 4) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue for a week was the highest when worked at sunday. 5) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue for seasons was high at spring. 3. Analysis of the inter-relationship of their percieved symptoms of fatigue with the environments of working area. 1) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to the working department was significant; Production workers were higher than office workers. 2) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue related with working posture was significant; Sitting: Musculo-Skeletal symptoms (p<0.05), Optical symptoms (p<0.005) 3) The more dissatisfied with their's own duty they were, the higher became the distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue (p<0.001. p<0.005, p<0.05) 4) The more dissatisfied with their working condition they were, the higher became the degree of their percieved symptoms of fatigue (p<0.001. P<0.05) 5) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to kinds of job was significant: Workers who has handled heavy materials were higher than who had not handled $(p{\leqq}0.001$, p<0.05). Workers who has handled chemical materials: Optical, symptoms $(p{\leqq}0.001)$. Workers who has handled dusty materials: Respiratory symptoms (p<0.01) 6) The environment of working area was significantly affected to the distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue: Workers complains of a illumination problem; Optical symptoms (p<0.005), Heart symptoms (p<0.005) Workers complains of a ventilation problem: Heart symptoms (p<0.05), Optical symptoms, Heart symptoms (p<0.01) Musculo-skeletal symptoms ($p{\leqq}0.001$)