• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

Radiotheraphy may be considered as one of the most effective treatments for digestive tumors. This procedure has major side effects, especially in fast growing tissues like intestinal mucosa. For this reason, the morphological changes in mouse jejunal villi after whole body ${\gamma}-irradiation$ were analysed. Four week old ICR male mice were irradiatied with 6.5Gy or 12Gy of whole body ${\gamma}-irradiation$ and were sacrificed 3 days later. Jejunum among intestine were taken for morphology. Samples were carried out dehydration process and sliced sample covered with paraffin was hold on the slide and then light microscopy was observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. villi at both irradiated doses were showed that the length of villi were shortened and thickened and that lumen were expanded in comparison with non-irradiated group. Since willi have an important role in digestion and very sensitive to radiation from this test, it has a role of test parameter for finding radioprotectors as well as evaluating the biological effect by radiaton.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

The anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extracts (total saponine, water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophilic extracts), which were administered with the concentration of 200 mg/kg BW, were investigated after the injection of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyrimidinium dichloride: PQ) with dosage of 100 mg/kg BW on the peritoneal cavity to 6 weeks of 23~26 gm ICR male mice. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) on the liver of mouse was lowered only in alcohol extract-treated group (p<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the mouse treated with lipophilic ginseng extracts. And GSSG level was lowered in all groups, and this might be due to the paraquat ions that might prevent the reaction of GSSG into GSH. But we cannot find any relation between glutathione oxide-reductase activity on Korean ginseng extracts. Finally, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest (p<0.01) in the group of mouse treated with water extracts of ginseng.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.537-547
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base 4.0%) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% added to Dasi-Ex) beverages on the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2g) were fed basic experimental diets and given free through water bottle filled with these beverages instead of water for 18 days including sociopsychological stress. Body weight gains were consistently lower in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group, expecting in a inhibitory effect of obesity. Dasi-Ex group resulted in a significant decrease of 25% in serum corticosterone (CS) secretion, while Fuco-I,IIand IIIgroups resulted in a marked decreases of 45~55% in serum CS secretion compared with control group. Noradrenaline (NA) secretions were significantly increased about 15% in Dasi-Ex group, and 20~22% in Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in brain MHPG-SO4 levels of Dasi-Ex group could not be obtained, but Fuco-I,II,III groups resulted in a marked decreases of 20~25% in brain MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain, but Fuco-I,II and III groups resulted in a marked increases of 45~60% in NA/MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain compared with control group. These results suggest that fucoidan beverage may play a effective role in a ridding of the sociopsychological stress by pivotal anti-stress effect of fucoidan.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

Chronic treatment with olanzapine (OLZ), an atypical antipsychotic drug, is associated with the adverse effects of weight gain, hyperglycemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. Green tea or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the most abundant green tea polyphenols, significantly reduces or prevents an increase in glucose levels, lipid markers and/or body weight. We hypothesized that combined treatment with OLZ and green tea extract (GTE) or EGCG may prevent body weight gain and increase of the lipid markers. ICR male mice weighing an average of 30.51 g (n=32) at the beginning of the experiment were used. OLZ, OLZ+GTE and OLZ+EGCG were administered for 27 d in the drinking water, and then the levels of fasting glucose, nitric oxide (NO), and a typical lipid marker triglyceride (TG) were determined in plasma. The body weight and food intake were also compared. The chronic treatment of OLZ increased the average body weight compared with that of controls. In the presence of GTE or EGCG, the OLZ-induced increase in body weight was significantly prevented. Furthermore, in the OLZ group, the plasma levels of glucose, NO and TG were significantly increased, whereas GTE or EGCG prevented these increases. These results implicate that OLZ may induce systematic inflammatory reaction, and suggest that GTE or EGCG can protect against OLZinduced weight gain, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2002

Object The effect of Banhasasim-tang extracts on the hepatic, splenic toxicity and induced by Doxorubicin administration(Three injection protocol) were monitored using male ICR mice. Method The changes of body weigh, organ weights of liver and spleen were observed with blood GOT and GPT level. Results 1. Increase of absolute and relative liver weight observed in Doxorubicin treatment group were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-tang extracts. In addition, the degrees of liver congestion and necrotic spot were significantly and dose-dependently decreased after Banhasasim-tang extracts dosing groups compared to that of Doxorubicin treatment group. It is also demonstrated that elevated serum GOT and GPT levels in Doxorubicin treatment group were significantly decreased in Banhasasim-tang extracts dosing groups. 2. Decrease of absolute and relative spleen weight observed in Doxorubicin treatment group were dose dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-tang extracts. In addition, the degrees of splenic atrophy were significantly and dose-dependently decreased after Banhasasim-tang extracts dosing groups compared to that of Doxorubicin treatment group.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2004

A total of 52 pathogenic Vibrio strains was isolated from the Gwangan Beach during summer in 2003. The isolated vibrios were composed of 6 different species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non O1, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. mimicus. V. parahaemolyticus was most predominant as $46\%$ (24/52), V. cholerae non O1 was the second with $23\%$ (12/52), and V. fluvialis was the third with $17\%$ (9/52). Among the isolated strains, 22 strains showed hemolytic, proteolytic or ureolytic activity. Eight strains showed both hemolysin and protease activities, and either 6 strains showed only hemolysin activities and 7 strains only protease activities. Only one strain of V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed urease activity. The urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strain (V. parahaemolyticus S25) showed the same biochemical characteristics as the reference strain, V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 (urease­negative) except for urease production. To compare the degree of virulence of Vibrio strains having different pathogenic factors, hemolysin, protease, or urease-positive strains were injected into groups of 10 each of ICR mice (7- to l0-week-old male). The lethal rate of urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus S25 was significantly high, being $70\%$. Protease-positive strains showed $40-60\%$ of lethal rate. Hemolysin-positive strains showed no mortality, similar to non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 and V. parahaemolyticus FM12.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated genetic toxicity of HMCO5 using the Micronucleus Test in bone marrow cells of mice and Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay in plate incorporation method according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines. Methods : 1. Micronucleus test: The male rats were divided into 5 groups, respectively; G(1), treated with distilled water: G(2), treated with 1250mg/kg HMC05: G(3), treated with 2500mg/kg HMC05, G(4), treated with 5,000mg/kg HMC05; G(5), treated with Cyclophosphamide $H_2O$. Sterilized distilled water and HMC05 were administered for two consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide $H_2O$ was administered once on the day of 2nd administration. 2. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay: Experimental groups were divided into two groups: with S-9mix(+S) or without S-9mix(-S). Each group treated with sterilized distilled water only, HMCO5(62, 185, 556, 1,667, $5,000{\mu}g$/plate) and, positive vehicles(Sodium azide, 2-Aminoanthracene, 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide, ICR 191), respectively. Results : HMC05 did not show any changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCE) among 200 polychromatic erythrocytes compare to negative control. However, there were significant (p<0.01) increase with CPA in MNPCE. In Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay, no significant increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to (삭제) negative control were detected in all concentrations of HMC05. Conclusions : These results indicate that HMC05 did not show any genotoxicity against in Micronucleus test and Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the anti-toxicity effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang on the dried Mylabris phalerata extract containing cantharidin in ICR mouse. Methods : Dried Mylabris phalerata extracts were orally administered at dosage level 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125mg/kg, respectively with and/or without administration of Hwangryunhaedoktang 200mg/kg. During 2 weeks, the changes of body weight, mortality, $LD_{50}$, macroscopic changes of gastrointestinal tract and liver, changes of serum gastrin and somatostatin levels were observed. Results : Decrease of body weight gains was observed in dried Mylabris phalerata extract-dosing groups, but it was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging. Increase of mortality rates was observed in dried Mylabris phalerata extract-dosing groups, but it was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging. The $LD_{50}$ of dried Mylabris phalerata extract in male mice significantly increased in a case of concomitant used of Hwangryunhaedoktang 268.86 vs 662.05mg/kg. Clinical signs were observed in dried Mylabris phalerata extract-dosing groups, but it was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging after dosaging. Increase of number of hemorrhagic and/or erythematous spots in the gastrointestinal tracts, enlargement and congestion in the liver were observed in dried Mylabris phalerata extract-dosing groups, but it was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging. Increase of serum gastrin level was observed in dried Mylarbis phalerata extract-dosing groups, these state of abnormal increase was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging. Decrease of serum somatostatin level was observed in dried Mylabris phalerata extract-dosing groups, these state of abnormal decrease was significantly developed in Hwangryunhaedoktang extract-dosing groups after dosaging. Conclusions : We could conclude that the Hwangryunhaedoktang has anti-toxicity effect on the dried Mylabris phalerata extract containing cantharidin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2002

Mutagenic potential of HM10411 (recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor) was evaluated by bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test. The bacterial reverse mutation test was performed using the histidine auxotroph strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537 and tryptophan auxotroph strain of Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. The negative results of the bacterial reverse mutation test suggest that HM10411 does not induce mutation, in the genome of Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli under the conditions used. In addition, it has little clastogenicity either in vitro chromosome aberration test or in vivo micronucleus test. For in vitro chromosomal aberration test, Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were exposed to HM10411 of 23, 46 or 92 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for 6 or 24 hours in the absence and for 6 hours in the presence of metabolic activation system. There was no significant increase in the number of aberrant metaphase in HM 10411-treated groups at any dose levels both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. The micronucleus test was carried out using specific pathogen free(SPF) 7-week old male ICR mice, The test item, HM10411 was intraperitoneally administered at 1150, 2300 or 4600 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg once a day for 2 consecutive days. There was no significant increase in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(PCEs) at any treated groups compared with negative control group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the test item, HM10411, was not mutagenic under the condition of these studies.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.242-250
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• 2021

Artemisia frigida Willd (AW, Fringed sagewort), which is widespread in Mongolia, is a well-known medicinal plant as a member of the Compositae family. This study aims to explore the gastroprotective effect of water extract of AW on 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced acute gastritis in 5 week old male ICR mice. Total polyphenols, total flavonoid contents, and anti-oxidant activity in vitro in AW were evaluated. First, the gross area of gastric mucosal damage was measured. Then western blot analysis was conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the effects of AW. AW administration decreased gastric mucosal damage. Moreover, the group with AW treatment effectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression associated with oxidative stress. AW treatment enhanced an anti-oxidant effect through the increase of anti-oxidant proteins. Besides, the increased expressions of inflammatory cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation are alleviated through AW treatment. Taken together, AW exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric mucosal damage. These results indicate that AW could have the potential used as a natural therapeutic drug for the treatment of acute gastritis.