• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

As forest land takes up 65% of the Korean peninsula, there have been continuing conflicts between the development and conservation of forest land. As the income level has changed over time, the usage of forest land in society has changed. There has been increasing demands for forest land for urban development and recreational use. On the other hand, a large proportion of the land is required to be preserved for the forest and the natural ecosystem in it. The existing management system for the forest land has been designed focusing on the management of the trees on the land, and not the land itself. Due to this limitation, the current management system of forest land has failed to protect the forest land from being developed indiscreetly, making it difficult to conserve and develop the forest land in an efficient way. A major question in forest land management is how to integrate economic use activities with the supporting ecosystems to maximize performance of the ecological-economic system. In order to promote sustainable use of forest resources, and to achieve efficient forest land management, it is prerequisite to evaluation on forest resources of natural ecosystems. Quantitative measures are needed that signify how necessary the services and products of forested ecosystems are to human endeavors. In this study, the natural wealth provided by forest land was quantified based on emergy synthesis. Emergy is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis. Thus, Calculations of emergy provide a basis for making choices about environment and economy following the general public policy to maximize real wealth. The goals of forest land management to achieve balance between the ecology and economy of its integrated system and to foster equity among the diverse outcomes of the forest land were assessed with emergy. Emergy was demonstrated to holistically integrated and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively. Doing so will provide a better understanding of the basis of forest land wealth and the consequences of management decisions.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 공업계고등학교에서 기계 금속 과목을 담당할 교사 선발을 위한 교원임용시험의 기본 자료를 얻기 위하여, 교사 교육기관의 기계 및 금속의 교육과정과 공업 고등학교의 기계 금속과의 교육과정을 분석 하였다. 교육과정 분석을 통한 우수 교사 선발을 위한 현 중등 기계 금속 교원 임용시험의 범위와 내용 수준 등을 포함한 출제 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 중등 임용시험에 교원양성대학 및 공업계 고등학교의 교육과정을 반영하여 임용시험의 타당성을 높여야 한다. 둘째, 기계 금속 임용시험의 기본이수과목의 합리적인 재조정이 요구된다. 셋째, 기계 금속 임용시험 출제 영역 비율에 대한 근거가 마련되어야 하고 이해와 적용, 사고력을 요구하는 문항의 개발로 출제 수준을 개선해야 한다. 넷째, 영역별 전공교수에 따른 출제 경향의 편중을 막기 위하여 더 많은 수의 출제위원의 참여가 요구된다. 다섯째, 지필고사의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 실기능력평가를 추가 하는 임용시험 출제비율(안)을 제시하였다. 여섯째, 교사의 전문성을 확보하기 위한 장기적인 안목에서 기계 금속에서 기계 및 금속 영역으로, 각각 분리하여 선발해야한다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

급변하는 의료환경 속에서도 변함없이 의료기관들은 환자 안전관리 부분의 중요성을 인식하여 관리하고 있다. 하지만 현재 환자안전관리는 사후관리와 처벌이 강조된 프로세스들로 조직원들의 참여성이 결여된 문제를 보이고 있다. 본원 핵의학과 에서는 참여형 니어미스 사고예방 활동을 시행하여 환자안전사고에 사전관리를 시작하고 사고보고에 따른 불이익이 없는 시스템을 구축하여 니어미스 감소 와 환자안전사고 제로화를 목적으로 본 연구을 시작하였다. 또한 핵의학과만의 차별화된 환자안전관리System구축도 그 목적으로 하고 있다. 1. 팀원들의 과거 니어미스 및 현재 발생되고 있는 니어미스와 사고 사례수집(1차 자료수집). 2. 설문을 통해 중요도, 긴급도를 파악하고 니어미스 및 사고사례를 정량화(2차 자료수집). 3. 자료 분석을 통한 중요 접점 파악과 사고 사례 정량화. 4. 중요 접점 부분에 대한 매뉴얼 제작과 표준화, 오류방지를 위한 참여형 개선활동 시행. 5. 니어미스 보고체계 구축을 위한 웹 기반 커뮤니티 활동. 6. 설문과 FGI를 통해 활동 전후 평가 시행. 1) 비계량적이었던 핵의학과 내 안전사고 및 니어미스를 계량화(월 50여 회의 니어미스와 년 1건의 안전사고발생) 2) 계량화된 데이터를 통해 개선방안을 수립(0여건의 참여형 개선활동, 프로세스 개선, 표준화를 위한 약속 매뉴얼 제작) 3) 안전문화 시스템을 형성하고 팀원들의 높은 관여도를 형성.(보고체계구축, 체크리스트 제작, 안전문화 슬로건 제작, 평가 인덱스 구축) 4) 니어미스 및 사고 사례를 공유하고 반면교사로 삼기 위한 커뮤니티 개설. 5) 활동 전후 니어미스 발생률은 50% 감소 하였고 안전사고 제로. 핵의학과의 최고의 서비스는 환자안전이 보장된 양질의 검사와 치료를 제공하는 것이다. 참여형 개선활동으로 니어미스사고를 예방하고 안전문화를 형성하여 시스템을 구축함으로써 니어미스 발생 사례는 50% 줄었으며 안전사고는 발생하지 않았다. 이는 환자안전사고의 사전관리란 측면에서도 시사하는 바가 있다. 또한 불이익이 없는 사고보고체계도 마련하여 솔직하게 보고하고 인정하는 문화도 만든 계기가 되었다. 기본에 충실한 뛰어난 시스템은 환자에게 제공되는 최고의 서비스이며 형성된 안전문화 시스템은 결국 고객만족으로 이어질 것이다. 따라서 본원 핵의학과 에서는 마련된 시스템을 정착하고 안정시켜 차별화된 환자안전문화를 형성해 나가고자 한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.37-58
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• 2001

This study placed its objectives in suggesting the basic data for setting up an approach to protect the educational environment, by analyzing the relevance between the misconducts of adolescence and the harmful environment around the school, as an object of study, middle school students and high school students all over the country. Thus, this study carried out the questionnaire survey, by the multi-stage of stratified sampling in 2,114 middle school and high school students from June 29, 2000 through July 29, 2000. And the results of analysis were as follows: 1. In case of the ratio of students using harmful environment, the electronic game room had the highest ratio (78.3％); next, the PC room (75.6％), the singing room (71.6％), and the cartoon room (34.3％). 2. In terms of the experiences of using the harmful environment according to the personal characteristics, high school students used it in a higher ratio, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001); the students, whose father graduated from a high school, comparatively used it much more(p〈0.05). Also, when a school is located near to amusement quarters or shopping centers, students used the harmful environment most highly (p〈0.001). And the differences were found to be statistically significant. 3. In case of the perceived susceptibility factors, the harmful environment was found to be used in lower ratio, by the students who answered “very so” to the question item, The more harmful environment facilities are positioned around school, the more student have the opportunities to use them. (p〈0.001). That is, the findings showed that the higher students' degree of perceived susceptibility factors was the less students used harmful environment facilities. The differences were statistically significant. In terms of the ratio of using harmful environment according to perceived seriousness factors, it was founded out that the students, who answered, “If I use any harmful environment facilities, it will be very harmful to myself.”. had the less opportunities of having used them, compared with the students who did not answer so (p〈0.001). This indicated that the higher the degrees perceived seriousness of students, the less they used harmful environment facilities. And the differences were statistically significant. In the side of the ratio of using harmful environment according to the perceived barriers, it was found out that there were any special large differences. That is, perceived barriers had nothing to do with students' using harmful environment. 4. As the result of having analyzed the factors influencing the behaviors of using harmful environment, the factor to explain the behaviors of using harmful environment was found to be the degree of perceived seriousness, among individual perceiving factors; next, the location of a school - one of personal characteristics, the degree of perceived susceptibility and ages, m sequence. 5. Among students' misconduct experiences, drinking was highest (21.6％), next, smoking (11.9％), drug abuse (4.3％), and sexual relations (1.6％), In sequence. Among other problematic behaviors, excessive waste was highest (14.6％); next, disobedience and lie (10.7％), night wandering (7.8％), and bad dressing and making-up (5.5％), in sequence. 6. In terms of the misconducts according to the behaviors of using harmful environment, compared with the students who did not commit any misconducts, harmful environment facilities were used more highly, by each group of students who experienced drinking (p〈0.00l), smoking (p〈0.001), sexual relations (p〈0.05), excessive waste (p〈0.001), disobedience ＆ lie (p〈0.001), and bad dressing ＆ making-up (p〈0.05). And the differences were statistically significant.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.5-28
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• 2008

본 연구는 사회복지사들의 윤리적 민감성이 갖는 중요성에 대한 인식의 기반 위에서, 이를 측정하고 분석할 수 있는 검사도구를 개발하고 실제에 적용해 보기 위한 것이다. 기존의 윤리적 민감성 척도들과 관련 문헌들을 분석한 결과, 본 연구에서 개발하고자 하는 검사도구에 가장 적절한 방법으로 '비구조화된 상황판단형 지필검사방식 및 구조화된 채점방식'을 도출할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 방식의 척도를 개발하기 위하여 1단계 사례수집, 2단계 사례구성, 3단계 사례자문, 4단계 예비조사, 5단계 채점 지침작성, 6단계 최종사례 및 채점기준 확정 순으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 그 결과 세 가지 사례로 구성된 측정도구 SWEST를 개발하였다. 그리고 이 검사도구의 활용성을 보기 위하여 사회복지전공생과 사회복지실무자의 실제 응답내용을 분석하였으며 이러한 결과를 통해 SWEST가 사회복지사의 윤리적 민감성과 그에 관한 의미 있는 차이를 구분해 낼 수 있는 신뢰성과 타당성을 갖추었는지를 살펴보았다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1400-1418
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• 2020

In the development of commercial promotion, chatbot is known as one of significant skill by application of natural language processing (NLP). Conventional design methods are using bag-of-words model (BOW) alone based on Google database and other online corpus. For one thing, in the bag-of-words model, the vectors are Irrelevant to one another. Even though this method is friendly to discrete features, it is not conducive to the machine to understand continuous statements due to the loss of the connection between words in the encoded word vector. For other thing, existing methods are used to test in state-of-the-art online corpus but it is hard to apply in real applications such as telemarketing data. In this paper, we propose an improved chatbot design way using hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model based on the real telemarketing data. Specifically, we first collect the real data in the telemarketing field and perform data cleaning and data classification on the constructed corpus. Second, the word representation is adopted hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model. The skip-gram model maps synonyms in the vicinity of vector space. The correlation between words is expressed, so the amount of information contained in the word vector is increased, making up for the shortcomings caused by using bag-of-words model alone. Third, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method to improve the weight of key words, then output the final word expression. At last, the answer is produced using hybrid retrieval model and generate model. The retrieval model can accurately answer questions in the field. The generate model can supplement the question of answering the open domain, in which the answer to the final reply is completed by long-short term memory (LSTM) training and prediction. Experimental results show which the hybrid word vector expression model can improve the accuracy of the response and the whole system can communicate with humans.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.48-65
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that the marriage view of unmarried women have on future marriage, and to study which meaning this result have in the family health. Thus, for the study purpose which corresponds with it, the question survey was made, by making 500 unmarried women in the twenties in Seoul, from Aug. 16, 1991 to Sept. 5, 1991. And, as for the concrete survey contents, the idea on the marriage and family, marriage tiem, marriage selection, and the family planning after marriage etc. were center. As for the result examined in accordance with this, the data analysis was made by use of SPSS. And, as a result of the analysis, following conclusion was obtained. 1. About the necessity of marriage, 72.2% among the whole respondents had the affirmative attitude. On the other hand, the negative attitude about the necessity of marriage showed as 8.9%. This result is higher than 4.6% of Japan. Thus, it can be regarded as what reflected the tendency that the spinsterhood is increasing, with the decrease of the necessity about the marriage of the unmarried women of our nation recently. 2. Desiring marriage time is average 26.93 years old. Thus, it foreshowed that the late marriage tendency would continue. The relevancy to this late marriage was high (P＜.001), in case that the age is high, and that the education level of parents is low (P＜.01), and in case of the lone father and mother(P＜.001) 3. The age difference with the spouse at the time of marriage is average 3.1 age. Thus, it was the tendency that 0.2 age was narrowed than the recent data of Statistics Agency. And, the difference appeared narrow, in case that the age of respondent is high and the level of education is high(P＜.001). The selection condition of spouse showed the tendency to take a serious view of individual rather than family clan, in the oder of character, health and job etc. In addition, as for the selection method of spouse, the tendency to prefer love marriage to marriage made up by a go-between. And, in case of the respondent whose age is low, education level is high, both parents are in existence (P＜.001), number of brother is small, education level of parents is high, it showed to prefer the love marriage(P＜.05).

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.174-186
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• 1996

This study was carried out in order to understand the plan, design, constructing and actual condition of management of modernized horticultural facilities in Kyungpook Province which had been constructed from 1992 to 1995 funded by Government support. The aim of this study is to provide reference data for success of the forth project. It was performed by making up a question about driving of project and management condition of equipment after constructing. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. 73.5% of facilities horticulture farmhouse recognized that the prospect of greenhouse is bright, but 92.5% of the farmhouse also recognised that they need technical consultation on protected horticulture farming. Therefore, technical educations would must be enhanced about foundation of greenhouse and cultivation technique. 2. The holding times of explanatory meetings, cause of understanding to farmhouse, were one or two times in greenhouse construction, and 62.5% of the farmhouse expressed the insufficiency at the explanation and educational data. For this reason, it was judged that the construction contract had been delayed more than 5 months in 49.3% of the farmhouse after the decision of project budget. 3. In constructing after a contract, the rates of construction delay is 53.4% and defect occurrence is 41.1%. The biggest reasons of construction delay was insufficiency of worker and materials supply. Each percentage is 29.1%. And the reason of defect occurrence is badness of machinery equipment(62.9% ). 4. In management of greenhouse, a pipe-constructed plastic film greenhouse changes plastic film every one and three years because of sticking dust on plastic film. It was needed to about in cleaning technique of coverings. Because that used 3-5 years only half of the expected life span. 5. The order of broken rating in the subsidiary equipment is like this lollop ventilator (42.8%), a general control system(33.3%) especially, in the case of a general control system, the rate of all family can control is 52.7%. so, it is time to develop easy control equipment which every one could use as soon as possible. 6. When choose heat generator as decide capacity, the most priority is the mount of heat generator the percent is 45.5% heat generator and as decide model, the private purchase's percent is 77.3%. It is higher than a public bidding heat generator the percent is 22.7% heat generator when it compare with a public bidding. In the case of $CO_2$ generator, using rate is only 19.0%. The using rate is very low, so it needs education how to use depends on the way of the subsidiary equipment. 7. In the case of seedlings, it is asked to use factory-processed seedling effectively. because it's difficult to get security of labors(58.8%), hoped crops (55.9%) access same crops(29.4%) much more and changing of crops depends on market situation. that is the main reason the lack of knowhow.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2008

최근 정보디자인 영역에서 애니메이션을 포함한 멀티미디어 활용이 급증하고 디자인 현장에서 응용이 확대되고 있음에도 불구하고 관련 연구는 매우 부족하며, 특히 어떤 특성이 정보전달효과를 향상시키는지에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 지금까지 디자이너들의 관심은 독창성, 다양성 등 화면의 시각적 완성도에 집중되어 있었으며, 실제로 디자인에서 인지적 문제는 간과되어 왔다. 그러나 정보디자인의 궁극적 목적이 정보의 정확한 전달에 있다는 점을 생각한다면 독창성이나 다양성 이전에 정보 사용자의 혼란을 줄이고 정보전달력을 향상시키기 위한 인간의 시각적 인지능력, 기억력 등에 근거한 연구가 선행되어야 하고 이를 디자인에 적용하는 노력이 필요하다하겠다. 따라서 본 연구는 정보디자인에서 멀티미디어가 사용자인지 및 커뮤니케이션에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 매체의 효용성 이론에 근거하여 검토하고 어떠한 환경 하에서 효과가 극대화될 수 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 매체의 효용성에 관한 이론들을 정리해 보면 멀티미디어와 같은 발달된 정보기술은 매체의 내재된 풍요도로 인하여 정보전달에 효과적으로 작용할 것이나 멀티미디어의 효과는 전적으로 매체풍요도의 관점에서 단순화시키기보다는 과제와의 적절성이나 인지적 적절성의 관점에서 다각적으로 분석해야 한다. 최적의 인터페이스 디자인을 위해서는 불필요한 인지부하를 없애면서 제한된 양의 작동기억을 최대한 활용하여 지식을 습득할 수 있도록 정보를 구조화하는 것이 중요하며, 또한 정확하고 성공적인 심상구축이 가능하도록 정보특성에 맞는 적절한 미디어 선택과 표현방법의 제시가 필요하다 할 것이다. 본 연구는 정보디자인의 커뮤니케이션 효과를 높이기 위하여 어떤 정보기술을 활용해야 하는가에 대한 의문을 매체의 효용성에 관한 이론들을 근거로 살펴봄으로서 향후 디자이너의 의사결정에 있어서 도움을 주고자 하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of parasitic infection and swine pen human latrine system in Cheju Do, from July to September 1982. The 663 stool specimens (male 323 and female 340) and 579 scotch tape anal swabs collected from 161 households of 2 areas in Cheju Do were examined. The methods employed were formalin-ether technique for the prevalence rate of various helminthic and protozoan infection, and scotch tape anal swab technique for the prevalence rates of Enterobius vermicularis. In addition to these, questionaire was used to evaluate the present status of swine pen human latrine system and prevalence rates of taeniasis in these areas. The results are as follows ; 1) Prevalence rates of parasitic infections of any kind was 33.9%. It was 35.7% in Cheju City in contrast to 32.1% in North Cheju Gun. The infection rates of Trichuris trichiura was 10.0% and it was the highest prevalence rate in this survey. The prevalence rates of the other parasites were as follows ; Ascaris lumbricoides 2,3%, Hookworm 0.2%, Clonorchis sinensis 0.5%, Hymenolepis nana 1.5%, Entamoeba coli 3.2%, and Giardia lamblia 0.5%. 2) The infection rates of Enterobius vermicularis in 579 peoples (male 285, female 294) by applying scotch tape anal swab technique was 13.1% through the survey. It was 16.9 in Cheju City and 8.5% in North Cheju Gun. 3) The Infection rate of Taenia species by applying the stool examination and making up a question was 19.2%(21.4% in Cheju City and 16.7% in North Cheju Gun). 4) Sexual distribution of the parasitic infections showed slightly higher rate in female than that of male. 5) The positive rates of parasitic infection by the stool examination and questionaire positive cases of taeniasis were higher in 0-9 and over 60 year old than any other age group. 7) The swine pen human latrine systems were used in 46 households (28.6%). 7) Relationship between swine pen human latrine system and taeniasis was not noted.