• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2002

Objectives: We did research in the cause of the Pitchers' injury and their recovery process to make a detailed injury list for the purpose of finding the cause of the Korean professional pitchers' injury and its classification. We drew the conclusion through the results as following. Methods: We posed a question to the 80 pitchers playing in the first team of the eight Korean professional baseball team and analyzed the 62 pieces of question paper except the paper having a mistake. We used SAS/PC statistical package in analyzing the data. Results: In the frequency of the pitchers' shoulder injury in the last three years, the injured of all the players were 61.3$\%$ and the injury free players were 28.7$\%$. The cause of the injury was 45.2$\%$ wrong pitching motion, which was the highest value. For the shape of a pain when injured, the reverberation ache feeling when he is hit in the weight commanded an absolute majority as 19.4$\%$. Those who had muscular pain were 17.7$\%$, which was felt mostly at the pitching motion. The most trouble name of the injured shoulder was bicepstendinitis as 16.1$\%$ while the injury of shoulder joint was the lowest as 1.6$\%$. As the most widely used treatment, 25.8 percent of all the players had taken an electronical thraphy after injury. 14.5 percent of the players who had an injury to the shoulder told that they have an operation and 85 percent of them didn't. As a sort of the operation, a repairing of labrum was 44.4 percent, which is the highest value and the 77.8 percent pitchers are performing a normal pitching through rehabilitation after the operation and 22.2 percent of them are undergoing rehabilitation training. Conclusion: The research have shown that the main cause of the injury, concerning the Korean professional pitchers throwing lots of ball in both matches and practices, is overuse syndrome, bad mechanism, muscle weakness and instability of balance. I think that the role of trainer, physical therapy, and team physician taking charge of the players' injury must learn physical test method by heart exactly to check up the state of the injury definitely at the initial phase. Moreover, when the cause of the injury part after a close examination is discovered, the scientific and good surgery is essential to the rehabilitation success and making a classification of shoulder instability is useful to make a operation plan as well as the players' rehabilitation, treatment.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.99-123
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• 1999

Internet related crimes are a crime which is inter-related with high specialization ${\cdot}$ technicality ${\cdot}$ leakage of information ${\cdot}$ intellectual-offence and deviant behavior. Without the accurate countermeasure, we can't achieve the desired end. So we should find out multilateral and general measure. Always crimes go in advance of the measure, so the counter measures against, computer crime can not be final. Nevertheless, we can't be careless in making the measure, but we should always consider a counter measure. 1995. 12. 29. our country revised criminal law and consolidated direct provisions, especially on the computer-hacking. But, inspite of the revision, especially on the computer-hacking. But, inspite of the revision, we have many problems'. So, first of all, through the positive and empirical study, we should revise criminal law and computer crime related provisions systematically. As the aspects and techniques of internet related crimes are always changing with the development of computer technology, there will be many problems with principle of legality, when we apply the existing abstract provisions to the new crime. We can not be lazy in studying the emerging internet related crimes and taking concrete shape of the provision. And it will be a big help to that desirable to import the foreign provision without consideration of our reality. Without the positive and empirical study on internet related crimes, sometimes important crime will be out of reach of the punishment. Due to these day's development of computer and technology of communication, the personal computers are widely supplied and especially PC communication and exchange of the informations became the most important function. With the advent of internet, new aspects of crimes are appearing. Up to now, the fraud by using the computer or the interference in the execution of duty by the illegal operation of computer was the leading aspects of computer crime, but nowadays with the advent of internet, database crime or network crime like the computer hacking became the important aspects of internet related crimes. These new aspects of internet related crimes are defusing into domains of traditional crimes. Nevertheless to follow and punish the acts on the internet is not technically easy, and as it is emerging international shape, to settle it by international law is not that easy. Harmful acts in the information-oriented society are very diverse in kinds and aspects, and it is difficult to enumerate. The point is that among the new acts in the information-oriented society we should decide which acts are to be punished and which acts are not to be punished. It is needless to say that the criminal law should be the last resort. But owing to the characters of the characteristics of the information-oriented society, when the traditional standards can be applied, the question of what is the basis and how it can be applied in a concrete way is not settled. And if it cannot be applied, how can we make new standard is also an unsettled question.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2005

Anaerobic decomposition is one of the most common processes in nature and has been extensively used in waste and wastewater treatment for several centuries. New applications and system modifications continue to be adapted making the process either more effective, less expensive, or suited to the particular waste in question and the operation to which it is to be applied. Animal manure is a highly biodegradable organic material and will naturally undergo anaerobic fermentation, resulting in release of noxious odors, such as in manure storage pits. Depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the manure, biological treatment process may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria carry on fermentative metabolisms to break down the complex organic substances into simpler organic acids and then convert them to ultimately formed methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic biological systems for animal manure treatment include anaerobic lagoons and anaerobic digesters. Methane and carbon dioxide are the principal end products of controlled anaerobic digestion. These two gases are collectively called biogas. The biogas contains $60\~70\%$ methane and can be used directly as a fuel for heating or electrical power generation. Trace amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ($100\~300\;ppm$) are always present in the biogas stream. Anaerobic lagoons have found widespread application in the treatment of animal manure because of their low initial costs, ease of operation and convenience of loading by gravity flow from the animal buildings. The main disadvantage is the release of odors from the open surfaces of the lagoons, especially during the spring warm-up or if the lagoons are overloaded. However, if the lagoons are covered and gases are collected, the odor problems can be solved and the methane collected can be used as a fuel. Anaerobic digesters are air-tight, enclosed vessels and are used to digest manure in a well-controlled environment, thus resulting in higher digestion rates and smaller space requirements than anaerobic lagoons. Anaerobic digesters are usually heated and mixed to maximize treatment efficiency and biogas production. The objective of this work was to review a current anaerobic biological treatment of animal manure for effective new technologies in the future.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.388-393
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• 2003

최근 국내 CM 활성화를 위한 노력이 이어지고 있음에도 불구하고, CM의 성공적인 정착에 중요한 역할을 하는 발주자에 대한 연구가 충분히 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 국내 공공 건설부문의 CM 방식 도입과 활용에 있어서 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 발주자 조직의 CM 역량 수준을 파악하고 이에 근거한 발전적인 전설사업관리 방식의 전개 방향을 제시하기 위하여 발주자 조직의 CM 역량 진단표를 제시하였다. 제시된 진단표를 바탕으로 설문을 통한 사례 분석을 실시하였으면, 각 발주조직 유형에 따라 상대적으로 중요한 업무와 현재 역량이 부족한 업무, 그리고 그에 대한 대응방안에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

FRP 선박은 제작이 쉽고 저렴한 건조비용으로 소형 선박을 중심으로 국내에 보급되었지만, 수명이 다한 노후 FRP 선박이 하천이나 어항 내에 방치되어 운항안전과 해양환경보전에 위협을 주는 등 사회문제로 대두대고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 폐 FRP 선박 처리 기술과 용융처리시스템이 개발되었으며, 현지 적용을 위해 폐 FRP선박 처리 단계에 따른 전처리 지역 및 용융처리시스템 입지 방안이 필요하게 되었다. 폐 FRP선박 용융처리시스템 입지 장소는 기술적, 경제적, 환경적으로 적정해야 하므로 종합적인 차원의 평가가 요구되어 적지 선정에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐 FRP 용융처리시스템의 최적 입지 선정을 위해 입지경제적 요인, 생활환경 요인, 기반인프라 요인의 상위 요인과 각 상위 요인의 세부요인을 도출하여 폐 FRP선박 관련자를 대상으로 설문을 수행하였다 또한, Fuzzy AHP, 극한확률 이론을 이용하여 평가요인 간의 중요 가중치, 연관 가중치를 계산하고 후보지로 선정한 목포시, 강진군, 고흥군, 여수시에 대한 평가 결과를 검토 하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2472-2478
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• 2012

본 연구는 반도체 산업에서 반도체장비 유지보수에 사용되어지는 반도체장비 유지보수 분야의 전문기술인력을 효과적으로 양성할 수 있는 반도체장비 유지보수의 자격종목을 개발하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 반도체장비 유지보수 분야의 국내외 실태 조사, 문헌조사를 통하여 반도체장비 유지보수 관련 교육훈련기관 및 검정 수요 예상 인력을 파악했으며, 유사자격제도(전자부품장착기능사, 전자부품장착산업기사, 생산자동화기능사, 생산자동화산업기사)를 분석하였고, 직무분석을 통하여 반도체장비유지보수기능사의 직무 및 교육내용을 분석하였다. 또한 반도체장비 유지보수 자격종목 신설에 대한 설문조사를 실시했으며, 반도체장비유지보수기능사 자격종목의 출제기준 및 채점 방법을 제시했고, 필기시험과 실기시험에 대한 모의 검정시험도 실시하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 반도체장비유지보수기능사에 대한 교육프로그램을 만들었으며, 자격검정을 실시할 수 있는 출제기준을 제시하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제9A권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2002

인터넷이 교육분야에도 활발히 사용되면서 자료검색부터 동영상 강의 나아가 인터넷을 통해 실시간으로 시험을 치르고 있다. 웹을 이용한 원격시험에 출제되는 문제들은 대부분 고정출제나 문제은행방식을 이용한 무작위 출제방식을 사용하고 있다. 본 논문의 문제은행시스템은 마크업 언어를 모르더라도 문제를 제작할 수 있으며, 웹 상에서 시험을 치르고난 후 정답률에 기초하여 난이도를 자동으로 재조정할 수 있다. 또한 학습자는 시험이 끝난뒤 피드백 학습을 할 수 있으며, 학습 후에는 학습자가 스스로 난이도를 조정하여 재시험을 치를 수 있게 하였다. 자동난이도 출제 방식은 출제가 간편해지며 평가의 예상평균점수를 미리 예측하고 시험결과가 계속 문항마다 누적되어 이를 바탕으로 출제되는 문제가 너무 쉽게 또는 너무 어렵게 출제되는 것을 막을 수 있다. 또한 원격시험은 대리시험 등 부정의 소지가 많아 유형이 다른 문제를 출제하게 되는데 여기서 오는 형평성 문제를 극복할 수 있게 된다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

This is a follow-up study on Han and Kang (2013) which argued that the Euclidean distances between /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean decreased in the first syllable position as speakers were among younger female speakers but not for male speakers, whereas in the second syllable position both gender groups showed a cross-generational decreasing effect of the Euclidean distance between /o/ and /u/. This study normalized the same data in Han and Kang (2013) which measured 12 speakers (six males and six females) for each Age group and investigated the spectral changes vowels /o/ and /u/ between age and gender, using the log-mean normalized statistical results. This study also examined overlap fraction values generated in SOAM 2D ($F1{\times}F2$) (cf. Wassink, 2006), which may also indicate the proximity of two vowels in question. The results showed that /o/ and /u/ vowels were making closer with /o/ raising for female speakers in $V_1$ and $V_2$ positions but only in the $V_2$ position for male speakers. That is, females led the upward movement of peripheral /o/ vowel, just like the raising of 'e' and 'o' in New York City (Labov, 1991). The results also showed that younger speakers used a rather narrow vowel space for the vowels. This also contributed to the proximity of the vowels /o/ and /u/, resulting in rather large overlap fraction values for younger speakers between these two vowels.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제12D권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

과거 소프트웨어 품질은 곧 제품품질이란 인식이 지배적이었다. 하지만 현대에 소프트웨어가 거대화되고 복잡해짐에 따라 제품품질만을 가지고서는 고객의 요구조건에 맞는 양질의 소프트웨어를 제작하는데 있어 한계가 있었다. 이러한 이유로 현재 국내외 많은 기업들은 프로세스 개선을 통한 제품품질 향상을 위하여 노력을 기울이고 있다. 프로세스 개선활동 중 측정 활동은 프로세스 개선에 대한 효과를 향상시키며, 프로세스 개선 활동을 파악하고, 이를 효과적으로 구현하는데 있어 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문은 현재 국내외 많은 기업들이 프로세스 개선 모델로 채택하고 있는 CMMI를 기반으로 측정 프로그램에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. CMMI의 프로세스 영역 중 측정 프로세스 수립에 대해서 다루고 있는 MA 프로세스 영역을 기반으로 측정 프로그램을 수립하였으며, 이렇게 개발한 측정 프로그램을 통해 CMMI 각 레벨 별로 측정 프로그램이 어떠한 차이를 두고 있으며, 어떻게 측정 프로그램을 작용할 지에 대해 연구하였다. 본 연구를 통해 CMMI 기반의 프로세스 개선을 수행하고 있거나 시작하려는 기업들에게 측정 프로그램 수립 지원할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 레벨 별로 진화하는 측정 프로그램의 로드맵을 제시하고자 한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.579-611
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• 2017

Bora is a strong, usually dry temporally and spatially transient wind that is common at the eastern Adriatic Coast and many other dynamically similar regions around the world. One of the Bora main characteristics is its gustiness, when wind velocities can reach up to five times the mean velocity. Bora often creates significant problems to traffic, structures and human life in general. In this study, Bora velocity and near-ground turbulence are studied using the results of three-level high-frequency Bora field measurements carried out on a meteorological tower near the city of Split, Croatia. These measurements are analyzed for a period from April 2010 until June 2011. This rather long period allows for making quite robust and reliable conclusions. The focus is on mean Bora velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress and turbulence length scale profiles, as well as on Bora velocity power spectra and thermal stratification. The results are compared with commonly used empirical laws and recommendations provided in the ESDU 85020 wind engineering standard to question its applicability to Bora. The obtained results report some interesting findings. In particular, the empirical power- and logarithmic laws proved to fit mean Bora velocity profiles well. With decreasing Bora velocity there is an increase in the power-law exponent and aerodynamic surface roughness length, and simultaneously a decrease in friction velocity. This indicates an urban-like velocity profile for smaller wind velocities and a rural-like velocity profile for larger wind velocities. Bora proved to be near-neutral thermally stratified. Turbulence intensity and lateral component of turbulence length scales agree well with ESDU 85020 for this particular terrain type. Longitudinal and vertical turbulence length scales, Reynolds shear stress and velocity power spectra differ considerably from ESDU 85020. This may have significant implications on calculations of Bora wind loads on structures.