• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to update the previously developed nursing practice guideline for enteral nutrition (EN). Methods: The guideline update was done in 22 steps using standardized methodology for nursing practice guidelines. Results: The updated EN guideline consisted of 16 domains and 228 recommendations. The domains and number of recommendations in each domain were for IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America): 8 on general instruction, 9 on general instruction for special nutrition, 9 on general instruction for EN, 3 on assessment of EN, 10 on access to EN, 18 on EN device insertion, 16 on selection and preparation of nutritional supplements, 46 on administration and stopping EN, 22 on maintenance and management of EN, 9 on monitoring EN, 16 on prevention and management of complications of EN, 18 on medication administration, 20 on EN in various situations, 20 on prevention of errors, 1 on nursing education, and 3 on nursing documentation. For the levels of evidence, there were 9.7% for level I, 13.1% for level II, 62.5% for level III and 1.1% for GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation): 3.3% for low, 0.8% for moderate, 9.3% for very low. A total of 133 recommendations were newly developed and 10 previous recommendations were modified. Conclusion: This updated EN nursing practice guideline can be used to enhance evidence-based practice in fundamentals of nursing practice and it should be disseminated to nurses nationwide in order to improve the efficiency of EN practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Endometrial cancer (EC) in young women tends to be early-stage and low-grade; therefore, such cases have good prognoses. Fertility-sparing treatment with progestin is a potential alternative to definitive treatment (i.e., total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic washing, and/or lymphadenectomy) for selected patients. However, no evidence-based consensus or guidelines yet exist, and this topic is subject to much debate. Generally, the ideal candidates for fertility-sparing treatment have been suggested to be young women with grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to rule out myometrial invasion and extrauterine disease before initiating fertility-sparing treatment. Although various fertility-sparing treatment methods exist, including the levonorgestrel-intrauterine system, metformin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, photodynamic therapy, and hysteroscopic resection, the most common method is high-dose oral progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate at 500-600 mg daily or megestrol acetate at 160 mg daily). During treatment, re-evaluation of the endometrium with dilation and curettage at 3 months is recommended. Although no consensus exists regarding the ideal duration of maintenance treatment after achieving regression, it is reasonable to consider maintaining the progestin therapy until pregnancy with individualization. According to the literature, the ovarian stimulation drugs used for fertility treatments appear safe. Hysterectomy should be performed after childbearing, and hysterectomy without oophorectomy can also be considered for young women. The available evidence suggests that fertility-sparing treatment is effective and does not appear to worsen the prognosis. If an eligible patient strongly desires fertility despite the risk of recurrence, the clinician should consider fertility-sparing treatment with close follow-up.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2019

This study found that wildlife crossing created through environmental impact assessments didn't reduce the number of wildlife accidents on the road by review of "A Study on the Legal and Institutional Review for Reproving Bio-Mobile in Environmental Impact Assessment(2018)". Specific considerations to be reviewed at each stage of the environmental impact assessment consultation were presented for practical site application. Therefore, in this study, the consultation steps for environmental impact assessment were presented in five stages, including planning, design, construction, monitoring, maintenance and management, and detail of the items to be reviewed by public officer. It will be able to prevent loss of habitats and improve biodiversity by improving the practice and institutional problems that were planned and designed at the time of construction.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

This study was designed to evaluate basic data about dental treatment under general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital. Sex, Age, location, preoperative physical status, intubation methods, inhalation agents, duration of anesthesia and treatment, performed treatment and postoperative follow-up period and frequency were collected based on electronic medical records of 239 patients who visited pediatric dentistry at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from March 2011 to February 2017. There were the most patients between the ages of 5 - 9, and there was no significant difference between male and female. The largest number of patients visited the hospital from Wonju, where the hospital was located. Most of preoperative status was ASA Class I. Orotracheal intubation was used in 169 of patients (70.7%). As an anesthesia maintenance agent, drug containing sevoflurane was used in 153 of patients (64.0%). In performed treatment, dental restoration, sealant and stainless steel crowns were performed 3.8, 1.8 and 1.1 times per person. 129 patients (54.0%) attended follow-up appointments under 6 months and those of the number of appointments were 1 - 4 times in average. General anesthesia as a behavior guidance in pediatric dentistry is increasing. Clinical guidelines for pediatric patients under general anesthesia are required through follow-up studies.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2020

Suicidality is the most serious complication of mood disorders and psychosis; effective treatment should reduce suicide rates. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development age-standardized suicide rate in Korea was 22.6 in 2018, much higher compared to other countries worldwide. As mental and psychiatric problems are the main reasons for suicide attempts, accounting for 31.6% in 2018, targeting such problems should be the focus of efforts to reduce suicide rates. However, the ability of current pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce suicide rates is limited due to their delayed effects. Therefore, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been proposed as an alternative treatment. This approach is effective for treating most mental disorders associated with high suicide rates, including severe depression, bipolar disorder, and intractable psychotic disorders; ECT is also effective for Parkinson's disease, which has the highest suicide rate among all disorders in Korea. The acute, long-term, and prophylactic effects of ECT on suicidality have been reported in the literature, and treatment guidelines outside of Korea recommend that ECT be used at an early stage for rapid reduction of suicide rates, as opposed to being applied as a treatment of last resort. However, only ~0.092 of every 10000 members of the Korean general population received ECT in 2018; this is much lower than the average rate worldwide, of 2.2 per 10000. Elimination of obstacles to the use of ECT, early crisis intervention involving administration of ECT for rapid stabilization, and maintenance ECT to prevent recurrence should reduce suicide rates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.418-426
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• 2021

This study investigates the perception of radiation safety management in radiation generator manufacturing workers and medical institutions. The basic data obtained is further applied to improve active coping ability and safety levels. The knowledge and attitude practice score of radiation was found to be related to gender, age, marital status, occupation, position, current work period, total work period, radiation related work period, the manual available, defense facility maintenance, number of defense equipment, radiation safety education, special health examination, and recognition of radiation terms. In particular, the knowledge score of radiologists was highest among the radiation-related occupations (<0.05). Radiation safety management requires active defense endeavors to prevent radiation exposure, by both workers of radiation manufacturers and medical institutions. Moreover, institutional devices such as compliance with guidelines, periodic education, facility reinforcement, manual preparation, and special health checkups are required for efficient radiation safety management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

The asphalt pavement industry has introduced the warm-mix asphalt (WMA) as a mean of energy saving and environmentally safe technology, because the WMA mixture can be mixed and compacted at 30℃ lower than conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) at 160℃ or higher. The implementation of WMA can be a good option for paving operations for rural road in remote place, not only due to energy saving and environmental issues, but also lower working temperature. Using WMA technology, the cooled-down asphalt mixture can be still compacted to meet the quality requirement in narrow winding rural road in remote places. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate engineering properties of WMA binders and concretes, which were prepared for rural road pavement. The objective of the study was to evaluate and suggest proper fundamental properties level of the WMA concrete for rural road pavement. The kinematic viscosity test result indicated that the WMA binders used in this study were effective for compaction at lower temperature, i.e., at 115℃, compared to the HMA binder. According to strength property analyses, it was found that the WMA concrete was acceptable for rural road pavement even though it was compacted at 30℃ lower level. Since the deformation strength (SD) of 3.2 MPa was found to satisfy rutting and cracking resistance minimum guidelines, this value was suggested as a minimum SD value for rural road pavement, considering lack of maintenance program for rural area.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2022

This study sought to examine the sustainability criteria found in the global sourcing practices of global fashion retailers. Sustainable supply chain management, with a particular focus on the sustainability criteria of global sourcing, was analyzed. This qualitative study was based on a focus group interview and corporate social responsibility (CSR) annual reports. Eight master categories, 18 middle categories, and 37 bottom categories were extracted. The key categories and their middle categories were as follows: (1) Social compliance (working conditions, employment, safety); (2) Environment concerns (environmental pollution management, eco-friendly production, supply chain environment); (3) Energy efficiency (energy saving program, store environment); (4) Consumer protection (restricted substances management, consumer product safety improvement); (5) Management system (code of conduct, triangle audit system); (6) Community social activities (local community service, voluntary activities, charitable activities); (7) External stakeholder engagement (media & non-governmental organization management, maintenance of relationship with local authority); (8) Brand protection (respect for companies' intellectual property). The findings of this study offer academically significant insights into the sustainability criteria that can be encountered by companies under diverse global sourcing scenarios, revealing that global sourcing by fashion retailers is not merely a means of reducing costs, but a way of generating new jobs and making a social contribution to developing countries. The study's findings also have practical significance, offering guidelines for general CSR activities in the global sourcing process.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2022

One of the instances which demand structural engineer's greatest attention and upgradation is the changing live load requirement in bridge design code. The challenge increases in developing countries as the pace of infrastructural growth is being catered by the respective country codes with bigger and heavier vehicles to be considered in the design. This paper presents the case study of India where Indian Roads Congress (IRC) codes in its revised version from 2014 to 2017 introduced massive Special vehicle (SV) around 40 m long and weighing 3850 kN to be considered in the design of road bridges. The code does not specify the minimum distance between successive special vehicles unlike other loading classes and hence the consequences of it form the motivation for this study. The effect of SV in comparison with Class 70R, Class AA, Class A, and Class B loading is studied based on the maximum bending moment with moving load applied in Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis. The spans considered in the analysis varied from 10 m to 1991 m corresponding to the span of Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (longest bridge span in the world). A total of 182 analyses for 7 types of vehicles (class B, class A, class 70R tracked, class 70R wheeled, class AA tracked, AA wheeled, and Special vehicle) on 26 different span lengths is carried out. The span corresponding to other vehicles which would equal the bending moment of a single SV is presented along with a comparison relative to Standard Uniformly Distributed Load. Further, the results are presented by introducing a new parameter named Intensity Factor which is proven to relate the effect of axle spacing of vehicle on the normalized bending moment developed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2022

Energy absorption facilities installed on roads should follow the performance standards of the real-car crash test of 'Installation and Maintenance Guidelines for Roadside Safety Facilities'. However, due to different installation conditions, such as differing structure widths on roads, some energy absorption facilities do not provide adequate performance. In order to apply varied environments on roads, an energy absorption structure was designed in this study with 150 mm height and four layers of W-shape guardrail at 200 mm intervals, and the performance was verified using LS-DYNA computer simulation. Through a real-car crash test, the performance of the facility designed by LS-DYNA was tested and was found to meet the performance of the CC2 category for crash cushions. The conclusion of the comparison demonstrates that the simulation and the real-car crash tests are both significant.