• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

There is a growing awareness that physical barriers affect the level of independence of people with disabilities. Many researchers insist that barrier free design could influence independence living and quality of life of the disabled. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of accessible design features of house and public facilities on quality of life of disabled people. A total of 189 questionnaires from the disabled who visited public welfare facilities was analyzed. In order to find out what variables among accessible features in housing and public spaces impact quality of life, multiple regression analysis was carried using SPSS 14. The results showed that accessible designs significantly influence quality of life of the disable. The main reason in which the disabled have difficulties when they move outside is a lack of accessible amenities and facilities. Particularly in house design, accessible main entrance route and accessible main entrance door, and removal of floor level significantly affects quality of life of the disabled. For public spaces, accessible main entrance and installation of ramp or removal of floor levels of main entrance and corridor increase quality of life people with disabilities. This paper suggested that the improvement in housing and public space, in which regulation or bylaws do not specify, should be made to increase accessibility for life quality of the disabled.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1983

This study was conducted to determine whether or not the form and angle of the precombustion chamber affected the performance of agricultural diesel engines. Twenty different types of precombustion chambers were designed and tested using a two way classification with four individual tests. The output power and specific fuel consumption ratio at full load were measured and analyzed. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. The diameter of main passageway giving the best power output and specific fuel consumption ratio at full load was between 5.8 and 6.1mm. The ratio of area of main passageway bore to that of piston head was from 0.4 to 0.44 percent at the highest engine power. 2. The angle of main passageway giving the best power output and specific fuel consumption ratio at full load was between 41 and 43 degrees. 3. The change of the diameter of main passageway affected the output of engine more significantly than the change of angle, however, on the specific fuel consumption ratio the angle of main passageway had more effect than the diameter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

KSNPs(Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) have been applied the break exclusion criteria to the high energy lines passing through containment penetration area to ensure that piping failures would not cause the loss of containment isolation function, and to reduce the resulting dynamic effects. Systems with the criteria are the Main Steam system, Feed Water system, Steam Generator Blowdown system, and Chemical & Volume Control system. In accordance with FSAR(Final Safety Analysis Report), a 100% volumetric examination by augmented in-service inspection of all pipe welds appled the break exclusion criteria is required for the break exclusion application piping. However, it is difficult to fully satisfy the requirements of inspection because 12", 8" and 6" weldolet weldments of Main Steam pipe line have complex structural shapes. To resolve the difficulty on the application of conventional UT(Ultrasonic Testing) technique, realistic mock-ups and UT calibration blocks were made. Simulations of conventional UT were performed utilizing CIVA, a commercial NDE(Nondestructive Examination) simulation software. Phased array UT experiments were performed through mock-up including artificial notch type flaws. A phased array UT technique is finally developed to improve the reliability of ultrasonic test at main steam line pipe to 12", 8" and 6" branch connection weld.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

This paper is studied to investigate the effect of slits and swirl vanes on the main flow fields of a gun-type gas burner through X-Y plane and Y-Z plane respectively by using X-probe from hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment was carried out with flow rate $450{\ell}/min$ in respective burner models installed in the test section of a subsonic wind tunnel. The burner models with only slits and only swirl vanes respectively were made by modifying original gun-type gas burner. The fast jet flow spurted from slits played a role such as an air-curtain because it encircled rotational flow by swirl vanes and drives mixed main flow to axial direction. As a result, the gun-type gas burner had a wider flow range up to about Y/R=1.5 deviated from slits and maintains a comparatively large velocity in the central part of burner within the range of about X/R=2.5. Therefore, it was very desirable that swirl vanes were installed within slits in gun-type gas burner in order to control the main flow fields effectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between the ownership of the largest family blockholders and corporate risk. We also examine whether firms that belong to 30 main Chaebol groups lower corporate risk. We use panel analysis for companies listed on the Korea Exchange from 2005 to 2017. We use beta, volatility, and idiosyncratic risk as a proxy for corporate risk. We employ both the ownership of the largest family blockholders and firms that belong to 30 main Chaebol groups as a major independent variable. The results show that the ownership of the largest family blockholders is associated with low beta. In terms of the effects of the ownership of the largest family blockholders on beta, we find that a firm that belongs to the 30 main Chaebol group reinforces the lower beta. These results suggest that the ownership of the largest family blockholders and firms that belongs to 30 main Chaebol groups may be associated with low systematic risk in the Korean stock market. Our findings can provide meaningful information to investors and field officers who are interested in the relationship between firm risk and both the largest family blockholders' ownership and firms that belong to 30 main Chaebol groups.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 2019

Climate change has been intensifying and affecting forest ecosystems. Over the years, the intensity and frequency of climate change have increased and the effects of climate change have been aggravating due to cumulative greenhouse gases such as CO₂, which has resulted in several negative consequences, drought being the main threat among all. Drought affects forest ecosystems directly and indirectly. Insufficient soil moisture, due to drought, may affect the growth of plants and soil respiration (SR), and soil temperature may increase because of desiccated soil. In addition, the mortality rate of plants and soil microorganisms increases. As a result, these effects could reduce forest productivity. Thus, in this article, we have presented various research studies on artificial drought using throughfall exclusion, and we have mainly focused on SR, which is significantly related to forest productivity. The research studies done worldwide were sorted as per the main groups of Köppen-Geiger climate classification and intensively reviewed, especially in tropical climates and temperate climates. We briefly reviewed the properties among the exclusion experiments about the temperate climate, which mostly includes Korean forests. Our review is not a proof of concept, but an assumption for adequate investigation of drought effects in the Korean forest.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.83-102
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigates the main effects and interaction effects of mother's reactions to young children's negative emotions on the children's problem behaviors. Methods: A total of 346 mothers with toddlers completed questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: First, mothers' supportive response to young children's negative emotions, including expressive encouragement, emotion-focused reactions, and problem-focused reactions, showed negative relations with the children's internal and external problem behaviors. Mothers' unsupportive response to children's negative emotions, including distress reactions, minimization reactions, and punitive reactions, showed positive relations with the children's internal and external problem behaviors. Second, an interactive effect was observed. For external problem behavior, mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reactions, lower distress reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions, and lower punitive reactions accompanied by higher problem-focused reactions all decreased children′s problem behavior. However, for internal problem behavior, only mothers' lower distress reactions accompanied by higher emotion-focused reaction decreased children′s problem behavior. Conclusion/Implication: The main interaction effect on mothers' reaction to young children's negative emotional expression shows that preventive intervention is needed to address problem behavior.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2017

As an interpretation of existing jamming effects, the main variables affecting the increase in stiffness due to jamming are known as system density, jamming density, pressure, and particulate temperature. The main variable, jamming density, is closely related to the distribution of particle size and contact properties such as particle shape and friction. However, the complexity of these variables makes it difficult to fully understand the mechanism of the jamming effect. In this paper, we focus on the jamming effects of particles that have more elastic properties than particles such as sand and coffee powder, which are commonly used as constituent particles of existing jamming, in order to reduce complicated factors such as temperature and concentrate on jamming effects based on elastic characteristics of particles. It was experimentally explored the possibility of increasing stiffness by mixing particles of different sizes rather than simply increasing the bending stiffness by controlling the particle size. Through simulations and experiments, we found a case where the stiffness of each particle size distribution is larger than the stiffness of each particle size.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2009

The essential oil fraction was obtained from the leaves and flowers of Artemisia iwayomogi (Compositae) by steam distillation, and its main component, vulgarone B, was isolated by column chromatography. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of A. iwayomogi and vulgarone B. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay after treatment with various dilutions of the compounds. In addition, several assays were used to determine the effects of A. iwayomogi essential oil components on immune stimulation. Nitric oxide production in cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated by reaction with Griess reagent. Both vulgarone B and the essential oil fraction of A. iwayomogi inhibited the production of nitric oxide. The effects on various cytokines released from the cells were also measured using ELISA. The production of prostaglandin $E_2$ was significantly decreased by treatment with A. iwayomogi oils. LPS-induced IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production were also decreased in a dose-dependent manner, but no significant effect on TNF-${\alpha}$ was observed at the concentrations tested. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed that A. iwayomogi oils reduced the levels of COX-2 and iNOS.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.236-244
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• 2005

This study investigates the effects of the spatial elements of the mulit-purpose commercial complex on visitors' circulation pattern and wayfinding by employing method of space syntax, observation, and interview survey. Two commercial complexes were investigated; Techno-mart represented a vertical type and COEX mall rendered a horizontal one. Analysis of the spatial elements using space-syntax method provided a base line for comparing analyses by the two other methods. Analysis of the interview additionally survey identified the factors affecting wayfinding behavior and contributing satisfaction. The findings suggest that level of the effects of the spatial configuration on visitors' circulation pattern is greater in Techno-mart(vertically oriented) than COEX(horizontally). In COEX, for instance, specific route that connects sub-way station and cinema complex carries far more traffic than main route, even though the main route indicates higher degree of integration of spatial configuration. Similar with observation, the degree of integration is corresponding with the satisfaction and easiness of wayfinding behavior In COEX, specific place and feature seem to have more effects on visitors' wayfinding behavior and circulation pattern than the level of integration of spatial configuration.