• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.sup1
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 2001

We report a case of huge trigeminal schwannoma in a 10-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis type II, extending into the three spaces of the left middle, posterior, and infratemporal fossa. Initially we thought the child had a solitary trigeminal schwannoma, and most of the mass was resected successfully through one-stage operation, cranio-orbito-zygomatic intradural approach. However during the follow-up of the patient we found radiographically other multiple intracranial tumors of bilateral acoustic schwannomas, right trigeminal schwannoma, and foramen magnum tumor. Eventually the patient was diagnosed as neurofibromatosis type II presenting multiple intracranial tumors. We think childhood trigeminal schwannoma, even though in the case of solitary tumor, should be considered as possible initial manifestation of neurofibromatosis type II and that careful follow-up for the possibility of occurrence of other brain tumors such as schwannomas or meningiomas is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.402-406
• /
• 2000

The term 'craniovertebral junction' refers to the occipital bone that surrounds the foramen magnum and the atlas and the axis vertebrae. A wide variety of congenital, developmental, and acquired anomalies exist at the craniovertebral junction. The authors present a rare case of the congenital anomaly of the craniovertebral junction consisting of atlantal hypoplasia, atlantal assimilation, and basilar invagination in a 58-year-old male. An occiput-C2 arthrodesis was performed. The clinical and imaging features are described, and the embryology and etiology of this anomaly are discussed.

• Entomological Research
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.459-465
• /
• 2018

The present study evaluated the efficacy of Maxforce gel baits containing 0.01% fipronil (Maxforce), 0.05% fipronil (Maxforce Magnum), 1.0% clothianidin (Maxforce Impact), and 0.6% indoxacarb (Avion gel bait; all from Bayer Environmental Science, Clayton, CA, USA) against reference and wild strains (Mobasher, Andisheh, Tamin-e Ejtemaei, and Maskoni) of German cockroach collected in 2016. Test design and bait placement were according to World Health Organization (WHO) procedures for efficacy achieving a 95% mortality rate. Although cockroaches fed on all gel baits, gel baits containing clothianidin and indoxacarb were eaten at higher rates than gel baits containing 0.01% and 0.05% fipronil. The cumulative mortality rates reached 100% for all cockroach strains at 32, 28, 28 and 40 h after eating baits containing 0.01% fipronil, 0.05% fipronil, clothianidin, and indoxacarb, respectively. Efficacy (a 95% mortality rate) after exposure (consumption) of gel baits containing 0.05% fipronil and clothianidin was seen after 28 h, compared with 32 h for 0.01% fipronil and 40 h for indoxacarb. In conclusion, commercial gel baits have improved and may be more effective than spray formulations against German cockroaches.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.336-343
• /
• 2021

In 2020, as a subset study to discover indigenous yeast species in Korea, a total of 22 yeast species were isolated from soil samples collected in Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do. Among them, 10 strains were unreported species. From the high 26S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged independent and predefined yeast species. The 22 strains were assigned to the genera Dothiora (1 strain), Sarocladium (1 strain), Tetrapisispora (1 strain) and Torulaspora (2 strains) of the phylum Ascomycota; the genera Erythrobasidium (1 strain), Leucosporidium (4 strains), Ustilentyloma (2 strains), Fellozyma (1 strain), Sampaiozyma (2 strains), Filobasidium (1 strain), Solicoccozyma (2 strains) and Vishniacozyma (4 strains) of the phylum Basidiomycota. This is the first official report of the following species in Korea: Dothiora cannabinae (1 strain), Sarocladium strictum (1 strain), Fellozyma inositophila (1 strain), Filobasidium magnum (1 strain), Solicoccozyma phenolicus (1 strain), Solicoccozyma terreus(1 strain), Vishniacozyma tephrensis(1 strain) and Vishniacozyma victoriae (3 strains). Cell morphology, phenotypic features and biochemical features are described in the Species Description section.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2002

The study was designed to investigate the aspects of the goblet cell of the oviduct in laying Korean ring-necked pheasants by histochemical methods (PAS, alcian blue-PAS, alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0, and aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue stain). Twelve laying Korean ring-necked pheasants were used. The results were summarized as follows. The goblet cell of the oviduct of the Korean ring-necked pheasant contained sulfated acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances in the infundibulum. The compounds of sulfated acid mucosubstances, nonsulfated acid mucosubstances, and neutral mucosubstances are present in goblet cells of the magnum, vagina and openings of the tubular gland of the uterus of the oviduct in the Korean ring-necked pheasant. The goblet cell of the isthmus and uterus of the oviduct of the Korean ring-necked pheasant contained neutral mucosubstances except openings of the tubular gland of the uterus. The histochemical characteristics of secretory granules of goblet cells in oviduct of the Korean ring-necked pheasant were not related to the position of eggs in oviduct.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.5
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2015

Objective : In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying ethiological factors in chiari malformation (CM) type-I (CMI) via performing volumetric and morphometric length-angle measurements. Methods : A total of 66 individuals [33 patients (20-65 years) with CMI and 33 control subjects] were included in this study. In sagittal MR images, tonsillar herniation length and concurrent anomalies were evaluated. Supratentorial, infratentorial, and total intracranial volumes were measured using Cavalieri method. Various cranial distances and angles were used to evaluate the platybasia and posterior cranial fossa (PCF) development. Results : Tonsillar herniation length was measured $9.09{\pm}3.39mm$ below foramen magnum in CM group. Tonsillar herniation/concurrent syringomyelia, concavity/defect of clivus, herniation of bulbus and fourth ventricle, basilar invagination and craniovertebral junction abnormality rates were 30.3, 27, 18, 2, 3, and 3 percent, respectively. Absence of cisterna magna was encountered in 87.9% of the patients. Total, IT and ST volumes and distance between Chamberlain line and tip of dens axis, Klaus index, clivus length, distance between internal occipital protuberance and opisthion were significantly decreased in patient group. Also in patient group, it was found that Welcher basal angle/Boogard angle increased and tentorial slope angle decreased. Conclusion : Mean cranial volume and length-angle measurement values significantly decreased and there was a congenital abnormality association in nearly 81.5 percent of the CM cases. As a result, it was concluded that CM ethiology can be attributed to multifactorial causes. Moreover, congenital defects can also give rise to this condition.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2010

Objective : Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) consists of the occipital bone that surrounds the foramen magnum, the atlas and the axis vertebrae. The mortality and morbidity is high for irreducible CVJ lesion with cervico-medullary compression. In a clinical retrospective study, the authors reviewed clinical and radiographic results of occipitocervical fusion using a various methods in 32 patients with CVJ instability. Methods : Thirty-two CVJ lesions (18 male and 14 female) were treated in our department for 12 years. Instability resulted from trauma (14 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (8 cases), assimilation of atlas (4 cases), tumor (2 cases), basilar invagination (2 cases) and miscellaneous (2 cases). Thirty-two patients were internally fixed with 7 anterior and posterior decompression with occipitocervical fusion, 15 posterior decompression and occipitocervical fusion with wire-rod, 5 C1-2 transarticular screw fixation, and 5 C1 lateral mass-C2 transpedicular screw. Outcome (mean follow-up period, 38 months) was based on clinical and radiographic review. The clinical outcome was assessed by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Results : Nine neurologically intact patients remained same after surgery. Among 23 patients with cervical myelopathy, clinical improvement was noted in 18 cases (78.3%). One patient died 2 months after the surgery because of pneumonia and sepsis. Fusion was achieved in 27 patients (93%) at last follow-up. No patient developed evidence of new, recurrent, or progressive instability. Conclusion : The authors conclude that early occipitocervical fusion to be recommended in case of reducible CVJ lesion and the appropriate decompression and occipitocervical fusion are recommended in case of irreducible craniovertebral junction lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.392-395
• /
• 2011

Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (IHSP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by hypertrophic inflammation of the dura mater and various clinical courses that are from myelopathy. Although many associated diseases have been suggested, the etiology of IHSP is not well understood. The ideal treatment is controversial. In the first case, a 55-year-old woman presented back pain, progressive paraparesis, both leg numbness, and voiding difficulty. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an anterior epidural mass lesion involving from C6 to mid-thoracic spine area with low signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images. We performed decompressive laminectomy and lesional biopsy. After operation, she was subsequently treated with steroid and could walk unaided. In the second case, a 45-year-old woman presented with fever and quadriplegia after a spine fusion operation due to lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative herniated lumbar disc. Initial MRI showed anterior and posterior epidural mass lesion from foramen magnum to C4 level. She underwent decompressive laminectomy and durotomy followed by steroid therapy. However, her conditions deteriorated gradually and medical complications occurred. In our cases, etiology was not found despite through investigations. Initial MRI showed dural thickening with mixed signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Pathologic examination revealed chronic nonspecific inflammation in both patients. Although one patient developed several complications, the other showed slow improvement of neurological symptoms with decompressive surgery and steroid therapy. In case of chronic compressive myelopathy due to the dural hypertrophic change, decompressive surgery such as laminectomy or laminoplasty may be helpful as well as postoperative steroid therapy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.59 no.5
• /
• pp.512-517
• /
• 2016

Objective : The pathophysiology of idiopathic Chiari malformation (CM) type 1 is disturbance of free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and restoration of normal CSF flow is the mainstay of treatment. Additional migration of the medulla oblongata in pediatric patients is referred to as CM type 1.5, but its significance in adult patients is unknown. This study is to compare surgical outcomes of adult idiopathic CM type 1.5 with that of type 1. Methods : Thirty-eight consecutive adult patients (M : F=11 : 27; median, 33.5; range, 18-63) with syringomyelia due to idiopathic CM type 1 were reviewed. Migration of the medulla oblongata was noted in 13 patients. The modified McCormick scale (MMS) was used to evaluate functional status before and one year after surgery. All patients underwent foramen magnum decompression and duroplasty. Factors related to radiological success (${\geq}50%$ decrease in the diameter of the syrinx) were investigated. The follow-up period was $72.7{\pm}55.6$ months. Results : Preoperative functional status were MMS I in 11 patients and MMS II in 14 of CM type 1 and MMS I in 8 and II in 5 of CM type 1.5. Of patients with MMS II, 5/14 patients in group A and 3/5 patients in group B showed improvement and there was no case of deterioration. Radiological success was achieved in 32 (84%) patients and restoration of the cisterna magna (p=0.01; OR, 46.5) was the only significant factor. Conclusion : Migration of the medulla oblongata did not make a difference in the surgical outcome when the cisterna magna was restored.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.257-285
• /
• 2012

The theme of Caucasus in Russian literature stemmed from A. Pushkin's The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1820) became expended when it reached to writer Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. The writer's magnum opus, Allamat-Bek (1832), was based on a real historical event. Being proponent to the side of Russian ideology, this work strongly presents that the primary task the Russian Imperialist government paused in this region at the time was civilization of the Caucasus through diplomatic and humanistic ways. There are three main protagonists in this work, but Berkhovsky and Sultan Akhmet-Khan are the characters who stand for the contradictory views toward the "war between Russia- Caucasus." While the former, Berkhovsky, thinks that the conflict between the two parties might be solved by means of communication and cooperation, the latter, on the other hand, is opposed to any of peaceful completion of this war. Allamat-Bek, the main hero of this work, however, passes away, going back and forth between loyalty and renegation. The author goes on to describe that Berkhovsky considers the Caucasus as Eden, the land of fruits, unlike Russia which appears as the land of labor. Yet, for Berkhovsky the Caucasus is presented as the land which needs enlightenment. This is the transformation of the so-called typical Western Orientalism. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky does not take side of either evil or good between the Russian Orthodoxy and the Islam, that is the conflict between the two opponent parties. The writer, instead, argues that this is just difference between the familiar and the strange, that is, the svoi and the chuzhoi. What is the very picture the writer wants to show the reader, then, is that it is petty and sad to see the unavoidable violent progress which happened and experienced by the indigenous people during the civilization of the Caucasus by the Russian Imperialist government.