• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) upper and lower limb coordinated exercises on balance in elderly women. Methods: The study was conducted with 27 elderly women who were at least 65-year-old. The subjects were randomly assigned to a PNF upper and lower limb coordinated exercise group consisting of 14 subjects and an aero step balance exercise group consisting of 13 subjects, and the exercises were performed for 30 minutes, three times per week, for eight weeks. One Leg Stance Tests (OLST), Functional Reaching Tests (FRT), Four Square Step Tests (FSST), and Timed Up and Go (TUB) tests were conducted before and after the exercises to evaluate the subjects' static balance ability and dynamic balance ability. Among the collected data, the subjects' general characteristics were evaluated using descriptive statistics, the intra-group differences of the test results before and after the intervention were compared using paired sample t-tests, and the inter-group differences in the results before and after the intervention were evaluated using independent sample t-tests. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: Among the OLST, FRT, FSST, and TUG tests, the experimental group showed positive FSST results that were statistically significantly greater than the control group; the results of the other tests were also more positive for this group, but the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The magnitude of the effects for both groups was clinically significant. Conclusion: Since inter-limb coordinated exercises for PNF applied to elderly women were found to produce good results for both static balance ability and dynamic balance ability, these exercises can be used in exercise programs to improve balance in elderly women.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1988

Energy efficiency of bacterial cell mass and product formation from cellulose using Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens with application of available electron balance were discussed. Values of true growth yield, η$_{max}$ and η$^{max}_{th}$ and maintenance coefficient, m$_{e}$, were estimated us-ing experimental data, and the results were compared with estimates obtained from theoretical ap-proach. Experimental values were similar in magnitude to theoretical values in $Y^{max}_{ATP}$= 10.5 g cells/ mole ATP. Therefore, $Y^{max}_{ATP}$ values of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminocoecus flavefaciens were considered similar to 10.5 g cells/mole ATP.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

In this paper, we present the score classification accuracy of BBS(Berg Balance Scale) which is the most commonly used balance evaluation tool using machine learning. Data acquisition was performed using the Noraxon system and an inertial sensor of Noraxon system was attached to the body in 8 locations (left and right ankle, left and right upper buttocks, left and right wrists, back, forehead). Based on the 3-axis accelerometer of the inertial sensor, the feature vector STFT(Short Time Fourier Transform) and SAM(Signal Area Magnitude) were extracted. Then, the items of the BBS were divided into static movement and dynamic movement depending on the operation characteristics, and the feature vectors were selected according to the sensor attachment positions which affect the score for each item of the BBS. Feature vectors selected for each item of BBS were classified using GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model). As a result of the accuracy calculation for 40 subjects, 55.5%, 72.2%, 87.5%, 50%, 35.1%, 62.5%, 43.3%, 58.6%, 60.7%, 33.3%, 44.8%, 89.2%, 51.8%, 85.1%, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.422-428
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• 2013

Recently, we use a static synchronous compensator(STATCOM) with cascaded H-bride topologies, because it is easy to increase capacity and to reduce total harmonic distortion(THD). When we use equipment for reactive power compensation, dc-link voltage unbalances occur from several reasons although loads are balanced. In the past, switching pattern change of single phase inverter and reference voltage magnitude change of inverter equipped with power sensor have been used for dc-link voltage balance. But previous methods are more complicated and expensive because of additional component costs. Therefore, this paper explains reasons of dc-link voltage unbalance and proposes solution. This solution is complex method that is composed of reference voltage magnitude change of inverter without additional hardware and shifted phase angle of inverter reference voltages change. It proves possibility through 1000[KVA] system simulation.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 1999

Drought is a serious diaster in agriculutre, especially to upland crops. Hence, the Agricultural Drought Analysis Model (ADAM) that is integratable with GIS was applied to analyae agriculture drought in upland. ADAM is composed of two sub-models , one is a Soil Water Balance Model (SWBM) and the other is a Drougth Analysis Model (DAM) that is based on the Runs theory. The ADAM needs weather data, rainfall data and soil physical characteristics data as input and calculates daily soil moisture contents. GIS was integrated to the ADAM for the calculation of regional soil moisture using digitized landuse map, detaile dsoil map, thiessen network and district boundary . For the agriculutral drought analysis, the ADAM adapt the Runs theory for analyzing drought duration, severity and magnitude . Log-Pearson Type-III probability distribution function and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to test the fitness of good of the model. The integration of ADAM with GIS was successfully implemented and would be operated effectively for the regional drought analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.1066-1069
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• 2002

Dynamic postural control varies with the environmental context, specific task and intentions of the subject. In this paper, dynamic postural control against forward-backward perturbations of a platform was estimated using tri-axial accelerometers and a force plate. Ten young healthy volunteers stood upright in comfortable condition on the perturbation system which was controlled by an AC servo motor. With anterior-posterior perturbations, movements of ankle, knee and hip Joints were obtained by tri-axial accelerometers. and ground reaction forces with corresponding displacements of the center of pressure(CoP) by the force plate. The result showed that the ankle moved first and the trunk forward, which implies that the mechanism of the dynamic postural control in forward-backward perturbations, occurred in the procedure of the ankle, the knee and the hip. Knee flexion and hip extension in the period of acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration phase is very important fur the balance recovery. These responses depends on the magnitude and timing of the perturbation. From the present study the accelerometry-system appears to be a promising tool for understanding kinematic accelerative In response to a transient platform perturbation. A more through understanding of balance recovery mechanism may aid in designing methods for reducing falls and the resulting injuries.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2003

In this paper, biomechanical aspects of dynamic대학교postural responses against forward perturbations were experimentally determined simultaneous measurements of joint angles, accelerations. EMG activations, center of pressure(CoP) movements and ground reaction forces(GRF), Thirteen young healthy volunteers, stood on a flat platform, were translated into the forward direction by an AC servo-motor at two separate velocities(0.1m and 0.2m/s). In order to recover postural balance against the forward perturbation, joint motions were observed in the sequence of the ankle dorsiflexion, the knee flexion and then the hip flexion during the later acceleration phase. Both acceleration patterns at the heel and the sacrum were shown the forward acceleration pattern during the later acceleration phase and early of constant velocity phase as increasing platform velocity, respectively. Tibialis anterior(TA) for the ankle dorsiflexion and biceps femoris(BF) for the knee flexion. the primary muscle to recover the forward perturbation, was activated during the half of acceleration phase. Ankle strategy was used for slow-velocity perturbation, but mixed strategy of both ankle and hip used for the fast-velocity perturbation. In addition, parameters of perturbation such as timing and magnitude influenced the postural response against the perturbation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.754-780
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate whether WGB (Work-Growth Balance), an area of WLB (Work-Life Balance) improves Interpersonal Harmony, Creative Effort and Innovative Behavior in the organization, and whether Interpersonal Harmony and Creative Efforts have indirect effects on the relationship between WGB and Innovative Behavior. To test the hypothesis of this study, PROCESS Macro by Hayes (2013) was used. The results showed that WGB, Interpersonal Harmony, and Creative Effort influenced Innovative Behavior and WGB were variables that influenced Interpersonal Harmony. The variables influencing Creative Effort turned out to be WGB and Interpersonal Harmony. The indirect effect of Interpersonal Harmony and Creative Efforts was also confirmed in the relationship between WGB and Innovative Behavior. In addition, the magnitude of the effect between parameters was examined through Process Macro analysis. It turned out that there is a synergy relationship between WGB, Interpersonal Harmony, Creative Efforts and Innovative Behaviors. In future, more researches on WGB among various industries as well as mediating variables are expected. Further research is needed to study the various parameters of WGB and innovation behavior, and to Balance of Work-Family and Balance of Work-Leisure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2005

Schools have significant and serious indoor environmental health problem, of which indoor air quality (IAQ) in school building may affect the health of the students and indirectly affect learning performance. Schools are of special concern when regarding indoor exposure to air pollutants, because students are particularly sensitive to pollutants and spend a significant amount of time in that environment. Therefore researches for improvement of indoor air quality have been developed such as installation of air cleaning device, ventilation system, titanium dioxide(TiO2) coating and so on. However, it is difficult to evaluate the magnitude of improvement of indoor air quality in field study because indoor air quality can be affected by source generation, outdoor air level, ventilation, decay by reaction, temperature, humidity, mixing condition and so on. In this study, evaluation of reduction of formaldehyde emission rate in school indoor environments by far-Infrared ray coating material was carried out using mass balance model in indoor environment. we proposed the evaluation method of magnitude of improvement in indoor air quality, considering outdoor level and ventilation. Since simple indoor concentration measurements could not properly evaluate the indoor air quality, outdoor level and ventilation should be considered when evaluate the indoor air quality.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Background: Posture balance control is the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity in the minimal postural sway state on a supportive surface. This ability is obtained through a complicated process of sensing the movements of the human body through sensory organs and then integrating the information into the central nervous system and reacting to the musculoskeletal system and the support action of the musculoskeletal system. Motor function, including coordination, motor, and vision, vestibular sense, and sensory function, including proprioception, should act in an integrated way. However, more than half of stroke patients have motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional disorders for a long time. Motor and sensory disorders cause the greatest difficulty in postural control among stroke patients. Objects: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of visual and somatosensory information on postural sway in stroke patients and carrying out a kinematic analysis using a tri-axial accelerometer and a quantitative assessment. Methods: Thirty-four subjects posed four stance condition was accepted various sensory information for counterbalance. This experiment referred to the computerized dynamic posturography assessments and was redesigned four condition blocking visual and somatosensory information. To measure the postural sway of the subjects' trunk, a wireless tri-axial accelerometer was used by signal vector magnitude value. Ony-way measure analysis of variance was performed among four condition. Results: There were significant differences when somatosensory information input blocked (p<.05). Conclusion: The sensory significantly affecting the balance ability of stroke patients is somatosensory, and the amount of actual movement of the trunk could be objectively compared and analyzed through quantitative figures using a tri-axial accelerometer for balance ability.