• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.256-260
• /
• 2007

The surface of magnetite ($Fe_{3}O_{4}$) nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method was modified by carboxylic acid group of poly(3-thiophenacetic acid (3TA)) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Then the lysozyme protein was immobilized on the carboxylic acid group of the modification of the magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetite nanoparticles are spherical and the particle size is approximately 10 nm. We measured quantitative dispersion state by dispersion stability analyzer for each $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ nanoparticles with and without surface modification. The concentration of lysozyme on the modified magnetite nanoparticles was also investigated by a UV-Vis spectrometer and compared to that of magnetite nanoparticles without surface modification. The functionalized magnetite particles had higher enzymatic capacity and dispersion stability than non-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.751-755
• /
• 2005

화석연료의 연소에 의해 발생하는 연소배가스에 포함된 이산화탄소는 대표적인 온실 가스로 알려졌으며 지구 온난화를 방지하기 위하여 다양한 제거 및 활용 기술에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 연소배가스에서 분리된 이산화탄소를 마그네타이트 분말을 이용하여 재활용하기 위한 방안을 찾기 위한 노력의 일환으로 수행하였다. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$와 NaOH 수용액을 혼합하여 알칼리도를 달리하고 산화제를 달리한 다음 합성온도를 50, 80, 90, $100^{\circ}C$로 하여 마그네타이트 분말을 제조하였으며 XRD와 SEM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 산성 영역보다 염기성 영역 그리고 합성온도가 높을수록 높은 결정성을 갖는 입방정(cubic) 형태의 스핀넬 타입 마그네타이트 분말이 합성되었다. TGA를 이용하여 합성된 분말의 수소에 의한 환원 및 이산화탄소 흡수에 의한 산화특성을 연구하였다. 그 결과, 낮은 합성온도와 산성영역에서는 입방정 형태를 갖는 분말이 생성되지 않았으며 대부분 무정형의 상만이 존재하였다. 그러나 합성온도가 높고 염기성 영역으로 갈수록 높은 결정성과 입방정 형태를 갖는 입자가 나타났다. 또한, 반응 시 산화제로 산소와 공기를 사용한 경우와 질소를 사용한 경우를 비교하였을 때, 산소 함량이 높을수록 우수한 결정성을 갖는 분말이 합성되었다. 합성된 분말을 사용하여 Redox 반응을 수행한 결과, $400^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 수소에 의한 환원과 이산화탄소 흡수에 의한 산화 반응이 거의 일어나지 않았으나, $500^{\circ}C$에서는 환원 및 산화 반응이 잘 이루어졌다. 특히, 산소를 산화제로 사용하고 염기성영역(NaOH에 대한 $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$의 몰랄농도비=2.0)에서 $100^{\circ}C$로 합성한 분말이 반응온도 $500^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 27.15 wt％의 환원량과 26.75 wt％의 산화량을 보였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.481-486
• /
• 2019

Iron oxides currently attract considerable attention due to their potential applications in the fields of lithiumion batteries, bio-medical sensors, and hyperthermia therapy materials. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is a particularly interesting research target due to its low cost, good biocompatibility, outstanding stability in physiological conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis is one of several liquid-phase synthesis methods with water or an aqueous solution under high pressure and high temperature. This paper reports the growth of magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles from iron powder (spherical, <10 ㎛) through an alkaline hydrothermal process under the following conditions: (1) Different KOH molar concentrations and (2) different synthesis time for each KOH molar concentrations. The optimal condition for the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ using Fe powders is hydrothermal oxidation with 6.25 M KOH for 48 h, resulting in 89.2 emu/g of saturation magnetization at room temperature. The structure and morphologies of the synthesized particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, 2θ = 20°-80°) with Cu-kα radiation and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The magnetic properties of magnetite samples are investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The role of KOH in the formation of magnetite octahedron is observed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.559-563
• /
• 2000

To decompose carbon dioxide, magnetite was synthesized with 0.2M-FeSO4$.$7H2O and 0.5 M-NaOH by coprecipitation. The deoxidized magnetite was prepared from the magnetite by hydrogen reduction for 1, 1.5, 2 hr. The degree of hydrogen reduction and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide were investigated with hydrogen reduction time. The crystal structure of the magnetite was identified spinel structute by the X-ray powder diffractions. After magnetite was reduced by hydrogen, magnetite reduced by hydrogen become new phae(${\alpha}$-Fe2O3, ${\alpha}$-Fe) and spinel type simultaneously. After decomposing of carbon dioxide at 350$^{\circ}C$, new phse(${\alpha}$-Fe2O3, ${\alpha}$-Fe) were removed and the spinel type only existed. The specific surface area of the synthesized magnetite was 46.69㎡/g. With the increase of the hydrogen reduction time, the grain size, the hydrogen reduction degree and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide was increased.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제12권9호
• /
• pp.1017-1023
• /
• 2003

The high speed elimination process of suspended solid was investigated to treat the pulp waste water by using surface modified magnetite particle and magnetic power. The effects of the various aluminum salts such as Al(NO$_3$)$_3$ㆍ9$H_2O$, AlC1$_3$ㆍ6$H_2O$, $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ㆍ13∼14 on the COD, BOD and suspended solid were systematically studied. It has been found that the 2.0 wt% of Al was most effective for the modification of Fe$_3$O$_4$ powder and then best for the treatment of pulp waste water, Optimum quantity of modified magnetite in this study was 12 wt%, and aging time was found to be 12 hours. Comparing with the conventional process, the required time for SS removal was drastically decreased. BOB and COD were also effectively removed when applied to the pulp wastewater.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.684-692
• /
• 1990

Ultrafine magnetite powder for the ferromagnetic fluid was prepared by an addition of alkaline solution to the solution containing Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions at 6$0^{\circ}C$. The optimum condition of the magnetite synthesis was delineated by examining such various physico-chemical properties as Fe2+/Fe+3 ratio in the powder, phase characteristics, MHC and $\sigma$max. A new scheme for the steric stabilization of colloidal dispersion was proposed using the concept of the buffer group action for the increased interfacial density of the stabilizing moieties at colloid particle/dispersion medium interface. The proposed concept was successfully applied to the preparation of the kinetically stable kerosinebased ferrofluid using Tween and Span as dispersants. In the dispersion of magnetite particles in a kerosine, Tween(polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate) acts as a primary stabilizer which provides an anchor group, whereas Span(sorbitan oleate) can be classified as a secondary stabilizer which adsorbs on the surface of magnetite particle through the action of the buffer group. Dispersion studies using various quantities of Tween and Span supported the concept of the buffer group action for increased dispersion characteristics of the kerosine based ferromagnetic fluid.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2012

This research described the magnetic method for the rapid removal of green algae in water. We modified the pH, cation concentration, and magnetic powder concentration to discover the best removal performance. In order to rapidly remove green algae from water, we added magnetic powder and chitosan into algae water to make a magnetic substance and this was extracted by a strong neodymium magnet. The optimized conditions were pH of 6.5-7.5, chitosan concentration of 10 mg/L, and magnetite powder concentration of less than 0.05%. A higher removing rate was observed when a higher amount of magnetite or chitosan was used, but the total amounts of phosphorus or nitrogen were not decreased.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2015

As water quality regulations have tightened, many studies to improve wastewater treatment efficiency have been performed. In this study, magnetite powder was used to maintain a high concentration of MLSS in lab-scale wastewater treatment system. After magnetite powder injection, MLSS concentration was above 8,000 mg/L and it was 3.2 times higher than control group(2,500 mg/L). In addition, nitrogen removal efficiency and phosphorus removal efficiency comparing with the control group was increased 20.5% and 11%, respectively.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2008

Nano magnetite particles have been prepared by two step reaction consisting of urea hydrolysis and ammonia addition at certain ranges of pH. Three different concentrations of aqueous solution of ferric ($Fe^{3+}$) and ferrous ($Fe^{2+}$) chloride (0.3 M-0.6 M, and 0.9 M) were mixed with 4 M urea solution and heated to induce the urea hydrolysis. Upon reaching at a certain pre-determined pH (around 4.7), 1 M ammonia solution were poured into the heated reaction vessels. In order to understand the relationship between the concentration of the starting solution and the final size of magnetite, in-situ pH measurements and quenching experiments were simultaneous conducted. The changes in the concentration of starting solution resulted in the difference of the threshold time for pH uprise, from I hour to 3 hours, during which the akaganeite (${\beta}$-FeOOH) particles nucleated and grew. Through the quenching experiment, it was confirmed that controlling the size of ${\beta}$-FeOOH and the attaining a proper driving force for the reaction of ${\beta}$-FeOOH and $Fe^{2+}$ ion to give $Fe_3O_4$ are important process variables for the synthesis of uniform magnetite nanoparticles.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 1990

Magnetite for Water-based ferrofluid was synthesized by air oxidation of aqueous suspension in the pH range 7-12 at $65^{\circ}C$. The optimum condition of magneite formation was delineated by examining various physicochemcial properties such as Fe2+ content, phase characteristics, MHC and $\sigma$max. The point of zero charge of iron oxide powders obtained at various pH conditions were correlated with the oxidation state of Fe in the iron oxide. The magnetite powder prepared at pH 9 ws dispersed using sodium oleate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as dispersants, and the dispersion characteristics of the magnetite ferrofluid were examined by means of the fraction of solid dispersed, zeta potential data and FT-IR spectrum. A simple calculation on the potential energy of two interacting magnetite particles showed that the dispersion stability was directly correlated with height of the potential energy barrier or the shape of zeta potential.