• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

It is important to estimate the distribution of intensity of a magnetic field for application of magnetic method to industrial nondestructive evaluation. Magnetic camera provides the distribution of a quantitative magnetic field with homogeneous lift-off and same spatial resolution. Leakage magnetic flux near the crack on the specimen could be amplified by 3-dimensional magnetic fluid and zoom in and out of measurement area. This study introduces the experimental consideration of the effects of lens for concentrating of magnetic flux. The experimental results showed that the magnetic fluid has sufficient lens effect for magnetic camera and effect of improvement in probability of detection.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1072-1080
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• 2000

Leakage magnetic flux (LMF) is widely used for non-contact detection of cracks. The combination of optics and LMF offers advantages such as real time inspection, elimination of electrical noise, high spatial resolution, etc. This paper describes a new nondestructive evaluation method based on an original magneto-optical inspection system, which uses a magneto-optical sensor, LMF, and an improved magnetization method. The improved magnetization method has the following characteristics: high observation sensitivity, independence of the crack orientation, and precise transcription of the geometry of a complex crack. The use of vertical magnetization enables the visualization of the length and width of a crack. The inspection system provides the images of the crack, and shows a possibility for the computation of its depth.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2015

The Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) method is a non-destructive testing method based on an analysis of the self-magnetic leakage field distribution on the surface of a component. It is used for determining the stress concentration zones or any irregularities on the surface or inside the components fabricated from ferrous-based materials. Thus, this paper presents the MMM signal behaviour due to the application of fatigue loading. A series of MMM data measurements were performed to obtain the magnetic leakage signal characteristics at the elastic, pre-crack and crack propagation regions that might be caused by residual stresses when cyclic loadings were applied onto the A283 Grade C steel specimens. It was found that the MMM method was able to detect the defects that occurred in the specimens. In addition, a justification of the Self Magnetic Flux Leakage patterns is discussed for demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in assessing the A283 Grade C steel under cyclic loadings.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2008

비자성 및 자성 금속 시편의 표면 결함을 검출하기 위하여 교류자기장을 이용하였다. 비파괴 센서 프로브는 자성 박막 요크와 박막형 코일로 구성된 신호 검출부와 시편에 교류자기장을 인가하기 위한 단일 직선을 이용한 여기 코일로 이루어져 있다. 박막형 유도 코일 센서는 스퍼터, 전기도금, 건식 식각과 사진식각 공정을 이용하여 제작되었다. 시편에 교류자기장을 인가하기 위하여 0.7 MHz-1.8 MHz 주파수 영역에서 0.1A-1.0A의 교류전류를 여기코일에 인가하였다. 센서의 특성은 최소 0.5 mm의 깊이와 폭을 가진 인위적인 슬릿 형태 비자성체 Al과 자성체 FeC 결함 시편을 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정된 신호는 높은 감도를 갖고 결함 시편위의 슬릿결함의 위치와 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 박막형 유도 코일 센서를 이용하여 마이크론 크기의 표면 결함을 가진 자성체 FeC의 시편을 비접촉 스캔하여 측정된 유도전압의 변화를 이미지화 하였으며 그 결과를 광학적 이미지와 비교하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2010

The usefulness of the magnetic camera for non-destructive testing of aging aircraft is discussed in this paper. The magnetic camera can be used f magnetic particle testing(MT), magnetic flux leakage testing(MFLT), eddy current testing(ECT) and penetration testing(PT). It measures the distribution of a magnetic field and visualizes the magnetic pattern. Near and far side cracks, fatigue, thickness degradation, and cracks under rivets have been detected. The possibility of quantitative evaluation was also examined. Using indirect experiments, we verified the detection ability of the sensor for cracks in titanium and advanced composite materials.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2010

Previous researches show that linearly integrated Hall sensor arrays (LIHaS) can detect cracks in the steel structure fast and effectively This paper proposes an algorithm that estimates the size and shape of cracks for the developed LIHaS. In most nondestructive testing (NDT), just crack existence and location are obtained by processing 1-dimensional data from the sensor that scans the object with relative speed in single direction. The proposed method is composed with two steps. The first step is constructing 2-dimensionally mapped data space by combining the converted position data from the time-based scan data with the position information of sensor arrays those are placed in the vertical direction to the scan direction. The second step is applying designed Laplacian filter and smoothing filter to estimate the size and shape of cracks. The experimental results of express train wheels show that the proposed algorithm is not only more reliable and accurate to detecting cracks but also effective to estimate the size and shape of cracks.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2015

There is a large interest to find reliable and automatic methods for crack detection and quantification in the railway bogie frame. The non-destructive inspection of railway bogie frame has been performed by ultrasonic and magnetic particle testing in general inspection. The magnetic particle method has been utilized in the defect inspection of the bogie frame but the grinding process is required before inspection and the dust is developed resulting from the processing. The objective of this paper is to apply the inspection method of bogie frame using infra-red thermography. The infra-red thermography system using the excitation of eddy current was performed for the defect evaluation of weld specimen inserted artificial defects. The result shows that the infra-red thermography method can detect the surface and inner defects in weld specimen for bogie frame.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2007

전자기적인 방법을 이용한 비파괴검사는 금속의 표면 및 표면 근방의 균열을 탐상하는데 매우 유용하다. 그러나, 강자성체, 상자성체 또는 강자성체와 상자성체 조직이 혼재되는 경우가 발생하여 기존의 비파괴검사법에 의하면 탐상신호의 해석에 어려움이 많다. 또한, 경우에 따라서는 국부적인 자성체의 존재를 유사결함으로 오해 또는 큰 결함을 국부적인 자성체의 존재로 오해할 수 있다. 한편, 원자력 발전소의 구조물 소재로 중요하게 사용되고 있는 Inconel은 결함 발생시 Nickel로 피막 처리한 후 연장 사용하게 된다. 이때, 상자성체인 Inconel과 강자성체인 Nickel의 혼재에 의하여 결함을 탐상하기 곤란하다. 본 연구에서는 Inconel 부재, Nickel 코팅부위 및 경계면에 존재하는 결함을 탐상하기 위한 방법으로써, 복합 유도전류-누설자속법과 고밀도 홀센서 배열을 이용한 라인스캔형 자기카메라를 제안하고, 탐상 가능 결함의 깊이 및 정량 평가 가능성에 대하여 보고한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.782-783
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 자동차 부품 가공공정에서 적용하는 캐스케이드 디버링(cascade deburring) 후 잔존하는 스틸볼(steel ball)을 자동으로 감지하기위한 시스템을 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템은 자화부, 검출부, 제어부, PC 모니터링부로 구성되었다. 스틸볼 착자화 및 감지 정밀도의 향상, 외부노이즈 대응능력 등의 환경 변화에 영향을 받지 않는 신뢰성이 뛰어난 성능을 갖는 시스템을 구현하고자 하였으며 이를 위한 미세 스틸볼 감지시스템의 착자화부를 구현하고 성능평가를 수행하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Railway wheels in service are regularly checked by ultrasonic testing, acoustic emission and eddy current testing method and so on. However, ultrasonic testing is sometimes inadequate for sensitively detecting the cracks in railway wheel which is mainly because of the fact of crack closure. Recently, many researchers have actively fried to improve precision for defect detection of railway wheel. The development of a nondestructive measurement tool for wheel defects and its use for the maintenance of railway wheels would be useful to prevent wheel failure. The induced current focusing potential drop(ICFPD) technique is a new non-destructive tasting technique that can detect defects in railway wheels by applying on electro-magnetic field and potential drops variation. In the present paper, the ICFPD technique is applied to the detection of surface and internal defects for railway wheels. To defect the defects for railway wheels, the sensor for ICFPD is optimized and the tests are carried out with respect to 4 surface defects and 6 internal defects each other. The results show that the surface crack depth of 0.5 mm and internal crack depth of 0.7 mm in wheel tread could be detected by using this method. The ICFPB method is useful to detect the defect that initiated in the tread of railway wheels