• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.325-340
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• 2024

The growing demands for sustainable and high-performance construction materials necessitate a deep understanding of their physicochemical properties by that of these heterogeneities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art hierarchical multiscale modeling approach aimed at predicting the intricate physicochemical characteristics of construction materials. Emphasizing the heterogeneity inherent in these materials, the review briefly introduces single-scale analyses, including the ab initio method, molecular dynamics, and micromechanics, through a scale-bridging technique. Herein, the limitations of these models are also overviewed by that of effectively scale-bridging methods of length or time scales. The hierarchical multiscale model demonstrates these physicochemical properties considering chemical reactions, material defects from nano to macro scale, microscopic properties, and their influence on macroscopic events. Thereby, hierarchical multiscale modeling can facilitate the efficient design and development of next-generation construction.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 3차원 직교 직물 복합재료의 구성성분인 얀(Yarn)의 기하학적인 형상을 고려하여 직접수치모사(DNS) 모델을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 직교 직물 복합재료 평판의 저속충격 현상을 모사하였다. 미시구조를 보다 상세하고 정확하게 고려하기 위하여 토우 간격과 굴곡 등을 고려한 단위 구조를 제시하고 이를 이용하여 DNS 기반의 평판모델을 구현하였다. 정적 가상 실험을 통하여 얻은 DNS 모델의 거시적 등가 물성치를 바탕으로 한 거시기계학적 해석과의 비교하였고, DNS 모델을 이용하여 기존의 거시기계학적 모델에서 구현이 어려운 기하학적인 형상 차이에 따른 저속충격 현상의 영향을 고찰하였다. 그리고 보다 실제 실험에 가까운 가상 시편의 크기를 고려하고 해석의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 DNS개념에 기반한 멀티스케일 모델을 개발하여 거시/미시 해석 결과 특성을 함께 고찰하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2007

콘크리트의 인장균열에 따른 방향적 비국소 손상이라는 특징은 인장-압축을 받는 철근콘크리트 전단 부재에서 회전인장균열 특성 및 압축강도 감소 현상을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 인장과 압축거동에 대하여 다른 손상 모델을 사용하는 기존의 방법과는 달리, 동일한 인장균열 손상 모델을 사용하여, 인장균열거동과 압축연화거동을 나타낸다. 이러한 비국소 균열 손상의 영향을 나타낼 수 있는 소성모델을 개발하기 위하여 미소면 모델의 개념을 도입한다. 기존의 소성모델과 달리, 비국소 균열 손상을 나타내기 위하여 인장과 압축의 소성파괴면은 각 미소면에서 정의하며, 각 미소파괴면의 조합에 의하여 대표파괴면을 정의한다. 이때, 방향적 비국소 균열 손상을 나타내는 소성인장변형률의 영향에 의하여 각 미소면의 인장과 압축 소성변형률의 크기가 결정된다. 본 연구에서 개발된 소성모델은 유한요소해석에 적용되며, 다양한 전단패널의 기존 실험 결과들과 비교하여 제안된 재료 모델의 유효성을 검증한다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to develop a water environmental education (EE) program using streams, based on the core ideas of ENVISION and materializing elements that were extracted in this research. This research realized the elements and presented a model of the water EE program using a local stream. First, this research developed a basic model of a water EE program using streams by extracting 10 materializing elements and realizing the elements in 4 stage-procedural model. The 10 materializing elements were 1. experiencing the process of inquiry, 2. inquiring local environments, 3. self-directing learning and mutual interaction with colleagues, 4. collecting real data and interpreting, 5. utilizing the ICT(information and communication technology), 6. inquiring with the view point of the 'Environmental Studies for EE', 7. inquiring with the watershed concept, 8. inquiring with the integrating and the holistic view point, 9. pursuing the macroscopic understanding about environment, and 10. connecting the real world phenomena with the environmental concepts and theories. This research materialized these 10 elements in 4 stage model, following the previous ENVISION research, which are 1. preparing stage and visual assessment, 2. writing the report of the inquiry plan, 3. collecting the real data in the environment and performing the investigation, and 4. presenting the inquiry results. Second, with using this basic model, this research developed and presented a model of the specific water EE program using a case stream called 'Baig Cheon' stream, which is a local stream. This research is considered to have a considerable meaning in developing a EE program with ENVISION ideas for the watershed concept and inquiry with environmental science using local streams. The developed model can help the professional development of teachers and teacher education of water EE.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.249-266
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• 2005

In the present paper a transient three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model for concrete is presented. For given boundary conditions, temperature distribution is calculated by employing a three-dimensional transient thermal finite element analysis. Thermal properties of concrete are assumed to be constant and independent of the stress-strain distribution. In the thermo-mechanical model for concrete the total strain tensor is decomposed into pure mechanical strain, free thermal strain and load induced thermal strain. The mechanical strain is calculated by using temperature dependent microplane model for concrete (O$\check{z}$bolt, et al. 2001). The dependency of the macroscopic concrete properties (Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths and fracture energy) on temperature is based on the available experimental database. The stress independent free thermal strain is calculated according to the proposal of Nielsen, et al. (2001). The load induced thermal strain is obtained by employing the biparabolic model, which was recently proposed by Nielsen, et al. (2004). It is assumed that the total load induced thermal strain is irrecoverable, i.e., creep component is neglected. The model is implemented into a three-dimensional FE code. The performance of headed stud anchors exposed to fire was studied. Three-dimensional transient thermal FE analysis was carried out for three embedment depths and for four thermal loading histories. The results of the analysis show that the resistance of anchors can be significantly reduced if they are exposed to fire. The largest reduction of the load capacity was obtained for anchors with relatively small embedment depths. The numerical results agree well with the available experimental evidence.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.749-756
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• 2005

This paper presents vibration analyses of hard disk drive (HDD) spindle systems based on the finite element method. The systems under investigation have a cantilevered shaft rotating on hydrodynamic bearings. In particular, the influence of stator's flexibility on major modes has been taken into account in dual ways lumped and distributed-parameter model approfches. Even the latter employs relatively macroscopic elements instead of extremely fine ones Popular in commercial codes. In order to prove the effectiveness of such formulated models, two types of HDD prototypes featuring different hub and stator structures are selected as examples. Compared to the first, the second type has a reinforced stator that would raise the natural frequency of the hub's translational (or sideway) mode. Both free and forced vibration characteristics are computed, and subsequently compared with the experimental data. It is our conclusion that Particularly the Proposed distributed model method is an efficient design tool for state-of-the-art HDD spindle systems.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.221-240
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• 2017

The modeling of the mechanical behavior of quasi-brittle materials is still a challenge task, mainly in failure processes when fracture and plasticity phenomena become important actors in dissipative processes which occur in materials like concrete, as instance. Many homogenization-based approaches have been proposed to deal with heterogeneous materials in the last years. In this context, a computational homogenization modeling for concrete is presented in this work using the concept of Representative Volume Element (RVE). The material is considered as a three-phase material consisting of interface zone (ITZ), matrix and inclusions-each constituent modeled by an independent constitutive model. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) consists of inclusions idealized as circular shapes symmetrically and nonsymmetrically placed into the specimen. The interface zone is modeled by means of cohesive contact finite elements. The inclusion is modeled as linear elastic and matrix region is considered as elastoplastic material. A set of examples is presented in order to show the potentialities and limitations of the proposed modeling. The consideration of the fracture processes in the ITZ is fundamental to capture complex macroscopic characteristics of the material using simple constitutive models at mesoscopic level.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

기존의 신신호 시스템에서 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 과포화 상태에서의 신호제어전략을 개선할 수 있는 방안으로서, 기존의 포화도를 기준으로 한 방식이 아닌 대기행렬의 길이를 균형화 하는 방식을 개발하였다. 이 방식은 대기행렬의 길이를 각 방향별로 동일하게 유지하면서 전체적인 대기행렬의 길이를 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 방식을 신호주기 산출 및 현시분할에도 적용하는 방법을 개발하였다. 이 방식은 기존의 방식과 비교하여 거시적으로는 대기행렬의 길이를 감소시킴과 동시에 미시적으로는 차량의 평균지체를 감소시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop the modular multimedia instructional materials emphasizing the particulate nature on the realm of matter in elementary science classes. Features of the material are as follows: 1 To be in focus on particulate model named 'phenomenal magnifying glasses' in order to change the student's belief system of continuous matter into the belief system of particulate matter . The 'phenomenal magnifying glasses' is a new instructional strategy designed to change into the view of particulate matter through facilitating the reflective thinking resulted from the simultaneous consideration of experimental phenomena(macroscopic world) and particulate model(microscopic world). 2. To introduce modular system into the instructional materials, which was consisted of 14 subunits according to the sequential instruction unit of 'molecule and molecular motion'. Each subunit was composed of 5 types of modules(module 1: motivation, module 2: experimental result, module 3: discussion, module 4: phenomenal magnifying glasses, module 5: related experiment) 3. The multimedia program was composed of 36 kinds of experimental animation and 59 kinds of computer animation materials combined with text resources, photographic materials and sounds.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

모바일 악성코드는 웜에 의한 전파가 대표적이며, 웜의 확산 특징을 분석하기 위한 모델링 기법들이 제시되었지만 거시적인 분석만 가능하였고 특정 바이러스, 악성코드에 대해 예측하기는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 과거의 악성코드 데이터를 활용하여 미래의 악성코드의 발생을 예측 할 수 있는 마코프 체인을 기반으로 한 예측 방법을 제시하였다. 마코프 체인 예측 모델링에 적용할 악성코드 평균값은 전체 평균값, 최근 1년 평균값, 최근 평균값(6개월)의 세 가지 범위로 분류하여 적용하였고, 적용하여 얻어진 예측 값을 비교하여 최근 평균 값(6개월)을 적용하는 것이 악성코드 예측 확률을 높일 수 있음을 확인하였다.