• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2008

Benthic macroinvertebrates were examined to elucidate community structures of a set of 9 shallow ponds from a total of 6 parks located in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. The result showed that macroinvertebrates were diverse and abundant, and aquatic macrophyte provide habitat diversities in ponds. The differences among benthic macroinvertebrate community compositions seemed to be attributed to local biotic and abiotic interactions. We surveyed benthic macroinvertebrate, biotic (macrophyte), abiotic (turbidity, nutrient concentrations, conductivity, heavy metal concentration) and morphometric (area, depth) of the lentic systems. Generally, the benthic macroinvertebrates were dominated by Cloeon dipterum or Coenagrion sp.. Distribution of the aquatic macrophyte community was correlated with the species composition of macroinvertebrates. The result demonstrated a significant and positive relationship between habitat quality and macroinvertebrate composition.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and various environmental factors in Iancheon (NIA) and Bukcheon (NBC) streams, Korea. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates and 33 environmental factors in April 2017 at 9 sites (5 sites in NIA and 4 sites in NBC). We identified 93 species(5 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders, and 53 families) and 69 species(5 phyla, 9 classes, 17 orders, and 47 families) in NIA and NBC streams, respectively. Considering benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI), NIA (88.2) and NBC (80.2) streams were in "very good" status. Upstream areas showed the highest scores, 95.5 (NIA1) and 94.2 (NBC1), whereas BMI score was the lowest in downstream areas of both streams, especially in NBC4 (51.0 "bad" status). Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis represented the differences of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages according to spatial and anthropogenic gradients. Our findings provide reference data and highlight the need for the continued monitoring to maintain the good status and manage macroinvertebrate diversity in these two streams, in Sangju-si, Korea.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2005

Inorganic matters originated from stone quarries and manufacturing plants could alter the ecological characteristics of adjacent aquatic systems, especially the structure and function of benthic macroinvertebrate community. In such situation, the locality of stone quarry and the quantity of inorganic matters would be important factors that determined the disturbing strength to the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Locality patterns of stone quarries were classified into 3 types in relation to the stream ecosystem; stream-proximity, upstream-inclusion and tributary-inclusion type. In the result of species:abundance analysis, stone quarry B (upstream-inclusion type) showed geometric distribution, while others showed broken-stick distribution pattern. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities closer to stone quarries showed smaller species numbers and standing crops among all types of stone quarries. However the values of species evenness index were not seriously different between controls and directly affected sites. These results indicated that the effect of inorganic disturbance would differ from those of organic pollution that induced the highly dominant state occupied by tolerant species. Number of occurred species, standing crops, community indices and biotic indices indicated that the community of upstream-inclusion type was the most seriously damaged from the inorganic disturbance, and the community would be very simple and unstable. Tributary-inclusion stone quarry heavily damaged to tributary system in biologically, but influence to the main stream seemed to be depended on the scale of main stream. Among 3 types of stone quarry localities, stream-proximity type induced the least damages to benthic macroinvertebrate community, though the degrees of damage were different along with distances between stream and stone quarry.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2018

Headwater streams provide various microhabitats, resulting in high diversity of macroinvertebrate community. In this study, we compared the differences of communities between two adjacent headwater streams (Jangjeon stream (GRJ; GRJ1-GRJ5) and Haanmi stream (GRH; GRH1-GRH3)) in Jungwang and Gariwang mountains, Gangwon-do and evaluated the effects of habitat condition to the macroinvertebrates community composition. In order to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities and extract influential environmental factors, we applied to Cluster analysis (CA), Indicator species analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Total 33,613 individuals in 3 phyla, 5 classes, 13 orders, 51 families, and 114 taxa (genera or species) were collected. Gammarus sp. was dominant at the upper stream of GRJ, whereas Chironomidae spp. was abundant at GRH and the downstream of GRJ. The CA classified samples into six clusters (1-6) reflecting spatial and temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly different between two adjacent streams. Sweltsa sp. 1, Psilotreta kisoensis, Rhyacophila shikotsuensis and Serratella setigera were identified as representative indicator species for clusters 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. Similar to CA results, NMDS revealed the spatial and temporal differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, indicating the difference of community composition as well as microhabitat condition. Forest composition, proportion of boulders (>256 mm), and water velocity were main factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community composition.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were collected from six different sites in the Dobong Stream in Seoul, Korea to investigate spatial and temporal changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities in response to natural disturbances such as floods and droughts. We collected samples monthly or semimonthly with a Surber net ($30cm{\times}30cm$), and measured environmental factors, including stream temperature, discharge, width, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH at each sampling site. Benthic macro invertebrates were strongly affected by floods as well as droughts. In addition, benthic macroinvertebrate communities displayed different responses to the onset of the rainy season in summer 2006 and 2007, apparently due to differences in the intensity and amount of precipitation. Chironomids were particularly sensitive to heavy rain. Floods and droughts also affected the proportions of functional feeding groups during the survey period: the proportion of scrapers was high right after heavy rains, while the proportion of predators tended to increase in intermittent-type streams as the riffle zone decreased. Finally, although species richness and abundance were strongly influenced by heavy rain, they recovered to background levels for within one month, and varied consistently among stream types, indicating habitat stability.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

본 연구는 공릉천에서 서식하는 어류와 저서무척추 동물을 대상으로 물리서식처 분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상 어류는 밀어와 피라미, 저서무척추 동물 종은 깔따구류와 줄날도래종을 선정하였다. 어류와 저서무척추 동물의 서식처 적합도 지수는 2010년 수생태계 건강성조사 및 평가사업을 통하여 구축된 생태모니터링 자료를 사용하였다. 복합서식처 적합도 지수의 계산은 가중치법을 이용하였으며, 저서무척추 동물의 경우 계층화분석법을 이용하여 산정된 가중치를 적용하였다. 흐름모의는 2차원 흐름모형인 River2D 모형을 사용하였다. 모의 대상하천의 갈수량, 저수량, 평수량, 풍수량에 대하여 어류와 저서무척추 동물의 복합서식처지수의 분포를 모의하였다. 모의결과 깔따구류와 줄날도래는 각각 소와 여울의 서식처를 선호하였으며, 피라미와 밀어는 여울의 서식처를 선호하는 것으로 모의되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

본 연구는 상류부터 하류까지 오염도가 상이한 진위천에서 나타나는 생물군집지수와 수질과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 실시되었다. 수질의 오염도가 증가할수록 하루살이류는 감소하였으며, 날도래류는 강부수성 수역에서 전혀 출현하지 않았다. 반면 환형동물류는 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 파리류는 강부수성 수역에서 크게 증가하였다. 상관분석의 결과, 종풍부도지수(RI)와 ESB는 $BOD_5$와 부유물질 (SS)에 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 우점도지수 (DI), 다양도지수(H'), EPT, KSI는 $BOD_5$에만 유의성을 보였고 균등도지수 (J)는 두 항목 모두와 유의성을 보이지 않았다. EPT의 경우 수질과 더불어 물리적 요인에도 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 판단된다. 오탁계급치의 평균치로 산정되는 KSI의 경우 유기물 오염에 대한 지표로서 적용성이 높으나 부유물질의 영향은 나타내지 못하는 반면 ESB 지수는 유기물과 무기물 오염은 물론 군집의 다양성과 풍부도도 함께 대변할 수 있는 지표로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

저서성대형무척추동물은 수질 평가를 위해 다년간 이용되었다. 본 연구는 한국 송지천에서 저서성대형무척추동물을 이용하여 이 하천의 수질을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 동정된 동물은 3문 5강 12목 18과 20종 447개체였다. 집모기류(Culicini sp.)가 가장 우점종이었고(203개체), 두번째 우점종은 집파리(Musca do­mestica)였다. 다양한 생태학적 척도로 수질의 상태를 평가하였다. 전체 생태 점수(total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community, TESB)은 17(St. D)에서 41(St. A)으로 평균은 29였다. St. A에서 부수성 지수와 저서성 대형무척추동물생태 점수(ESB)는 II 등급으로 빈부수성, 수질은 약간 만족이며 보호가 요청되는 수질에 해당되었다. 저서성동물지수(benthic macroinvertebrate index, BMI)은 25.207(St. C)에서 39.348(St. A)까지 이며 평균은 31.810였다. St. C와 St. D의 하천 상태 평가는 강부수성이며 민감종이 결여되어 있었다. 다양도를 나타내는 Shannon-Weaver index (H')는 1.288(St. D)에서 2.250(St. A)였다. H'에 근거한 부수성 정도는 St. A에서는 ${\beta}$-중부수성이었으며 나머지 지점은 ${\alpha}$-중부수성이었다. 지리적 밀도는 1.229(St. A)에서 2.071(St. D)으로 평균은 1.582였다. 송지천에서 사용한 무척추동물을 이용한 여러 수질의 척도는 한국 내 다른 하천에서도 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted for determining the influence of artificial structures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in stream. Sampling was taken at upper(pool), down(riffle) and control(riffle) from two check dams, two weirs, one agricultural reservoir, and one multipurpose dam in northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these structures were surveyed during 2009 to 2011. The simple habitat of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at the upper sites due to pooling effects from artificial structures. Specifically, Check dam1, Jusanji, Imha dam showed very low biological attribute values compared to the down and control sites, which have greater difference in substrate characteristics. However, in the upper sites of Check dam2, Weir1 and Weir2, the difference of values of biological attributes was relatively smaller. Also, proportion of functional feeding groups and functional habit groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down, control sites. Spearman's correlation between biological attributes and substrate characteristics, water quality parameters had significant correlations; particularly, the substrate characteristics were more significantly related. In conclusion, the pool caused by artificial structures had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities thus leading to simplified stream habitats at upper stream ecosystems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Background: Habitat selectivity and ecology of freshwater fishes were studied in two selected streams and their junction point which consist a total of 39 microhabitats. The aims of this study were to describe the habitat preference and its availability to fish assemblage, as well as ecology, habitat use, and habitat characteristics. Methods: We collected fish with backpack electrofishing three times during August 2013, December 2013, and March 2014. Using a variation partitioning approach of R software, we studied the relationship of fish abundances with stream type, habitat type, and abundance of key macroinvertebrate taxa. Results: A total of 6554 fishes representing four species belonging to the family Cyprinidae were caught. A higher total fish abundance was recorded from Gereb Tsedo (4870; 74.3%) than from Elala stream (1684; 25.7%). Taking both streams together, the overall total relative fish abundance was significantly higher in pools (53%) than in runs (35%) and in riffles (12%) at P < 0.05. Species-wise comparisons showed that 71%, 15%, 13%, and 1% of the pool fish community were occupied by Garra blanfordii, Garra ignestii, Garra dembecha, and Garra aethiopica, respectively. Stream type, habitat type, and key macroinvertebrate taxa each explained a significant proportion of the variation in fish abundance. Based on the variation partitioning approach, fish abundance was higher in Gereb Tsedo stream (P < 0.01). Moreover, fish abundance increased with pool habitat type (P < 0.01) and with availability of key macroinvertebrate taxa (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Fish abundance differed between stream types, among habitats and among key macroinvertebrate taxa availability. Among the factors, habitat type was the most important driving factor behind variation among fish abundances, and pool supports the highest fish abundance.