• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.75-77
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.190-193
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the environmental and ecological function of habitat through evaluation of water environment, soil environment, vegetation characteristics, macro-invertebrate characteristics, and visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) in Hongdong stream located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province, and hereafter to utilize the results for the habits reconstruction and improvement project. As the results of water quality analysis, BOD, COD, T-P was almost below the standard quality from upper stream to down stream. The construction of small reservoir, wetland and water purification facility, and the management of non-point pollution are proposed to improve these problems. The soil texture was sandy soil, which is unfitted with vegetation development. The construction of shallows and bogs, and induction of soil sedimentation and biotope formation are proposed to improve these problems. In the plant flora, total 90 kinds were observed with 81 species and nine varieties in total 36 families and 85 genera, and the naturalization rate was higher at down area than upper area. As the results of macro-invertebrate fauna survey, total 26 species and 297 individuals in 20 families and 22 genera were collected. Peltodytes sinensis, Chironomidae sp., and Culicidae sp., which are observed at polluted environment, were collected as dominant species. An appropriate vegetation management party idea is necessary, and it is done an idea in consideration of the soil and a physical characteristic. Visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) result was mostly determined with below normal (Fair) grade. Pollution source interception, purification pond establishment, and various bog establishment are proposed to improve these problems. With the above results, the ecological environment was determined with bad condition, and the improvement of biotope was urgently needed through sustainable monitoring and management of streams habitat in rural area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.217-221
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• 2010

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.497-504
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• 2006

Biodiversity is closely related to the conservation of ecosystems. Ecosystems provide more subtle, but equally essential, services. Microorganisms decompose human's waste and renew the soils that produce our food crops. Biodiversity in Korean paddies encompass 54 families and 107 species of freshwater invertebrates. In terms of the number of aquatic insects affected by different sources, the order starting with the highest population was swine slurry > chemical fertilizer > fresh straw with reduced fertilizers > control. The number of freshwater invertebrate and aquatic macro-invertebrate in surface water of the plots without insecticidal application were 2 and 2.1 times greater than in fields receiving insecticide applications, respectively. The soil microfungal flora of the 85 isolates paddy fields in Korea was 30 species in 13 genera and 11 isolates were unidentified yet. Agricultural policy should be changed to assist the conservation of biodiversity because until now the agricultural ecosystems have been negatively affected from the development of high-yield varieties to enhance food production, and the expansion of fertilizer and chemical use. For the conservation of agricultural ecosystems, agricultural practices with less investment and more resource saving, as well as enhancing the safety of agricultural and livestock products are essential. Finally, this paper was written for the contribution for the development of environmentally friendly farming systems with neighboring or whole ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.195.3-195
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2008

Benthic macro invertebrate communities were collected at six different sampling sites in the Musucheon stream in Korea from July 2006 to July 2007, and ecological exergy values were calculated based on five different functional feeding groups (collector-gatherer, collector-filterer, predator, scrapper, and shredder) of benthic macro invertebrates. Each sampling site was categorized to three stream types (perennial, intermittent and drought) based on the water flow condition. Exergy values were low at all study sites right after a heavy rain and relatively higher in the perennial stream type than in the intermittent or the drought stream type. Self-Organizing Map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural network, was implemented to pattern spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological exergy of the study sites. SOM classified samples into four clusters. The classification reflected the effects of floods and droughts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and was mainly related with the stream types of the sampling sites. Exergy values of each functional feeding group also responded differently according to the different stream types. Finally, the results showed that exergy is an effective ecological indicator, and patterning changes of exergy using SOM is an effective way to evaluate target ecosystems.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2000

Zonation pattern of macro-invertebrate community structure was examined from Okjukpo sandy beach, Taechongdo, Korea. Macrofauna were collected in June 1998 using a can corer from ten stations along one transect. Mean grain size ranged from 1.97 to 2.23${\phi}$ and sediment organic contents ranged from 0.52 to 1.02%. A total of benthic macro-invertebrates comprised 25 species, providing 10,705 individuals and 89.13 g wet weight in biomass. Peracaridean crustaceans such as amphipods and isopods are the most prominant components in this exposed sandy beach. The dominant species were Eohaustorius setulosus (33%), Excirolana chiltoni (26%), Haustorioides koreanus (12%), Platorchestia crassicornis (8%), and Cycladicama cumingii (6%). The zonation patterns by these animals were very similar to those noted by Dahl(1952) and Jo(1990). They are divided into three faunal zones: 1) subterrestrial fringe dominated by a talitrid amphipod Platorchestia crassicornis, 2) midlittoral zone by a cirolanid isopod Excirolana chiltoni, 3) sublittoral fringe by more diverse amphipods communities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.252-258
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• 2017

To determine the effects of small dam on benthic macro-invertebrate community, benthic macro-invertebrates were surveyed with both quantitative and qualitative collecting methods from 4 sites at a terraced interval (3.02 small dams per 100 m) and from 5 sites at a non-terraced interval (0.96 small dams per 100 m) in upper reach of Dorim stream, Seoul. The average water flow rate was higher at the non-terraced interval (0.149 m/s) than at the terraced interval (0.043 m/s). Diptera, which prefer slow water flow or lentic habitats, appeared more abundantly in the terraced interval (78.3%) than in the non-terraced interval (32.0%)(p<.05). Ephemeroptera, which prefer fast water flow or lotic habitats, appeared more abundantly in the non-terraced interval (14.1%) than in the terraced interval (4.5%)(p=.203). There was a difference in species distribution of Trichoptera in terraced and non-terraced intervals depending on preferred environment. In the terraced interval, the occupancy ratio of gathering-collector was 1.8 times higher than in the non-terraced interval (p<.05). In contrast, filtering-collector appeared to be about 4.4 times higher rate in the terraced interval (p=.124). The evenness indexes (J′) were found to be 0.41 and 0.77, respectively in terraced area and non-terraced intervals. KSI, evaluating biological water quality, showed an average of 4.0 and 2.4 respectively in terraced and non-terraced intervals. EPT/C index, indicating the balance of the community, showed an average of 0.1 and 0.7 respectively in terraced and non-terraced intervals. It suggests that we should make small dams in order to maintain biodiversity of benthic macro-invertebrates.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Seasonal monitoring was implemented to understand the influence of macrophyte bed structure on the composition and trophic interaction of aquatic organisms (algae, zooplankton, macro-invertebrate, and fish) in a shallow wetland (Upo Wetland, South Korea). Distinct division of the plant assemblage (reed zone and mixed plant zone) was observed. The reed zone was composed solely of Phragmites communis, whereas the mixed plant zone comprised a diverse macrophyte assemblage (Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza, Trapa japonica, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata). Most of the aquatic organisms were more abundant in the mixed plant zone than in the reed zone, and this was positively associated with the seasonal development of macrophyte cover. Stable isotope analysis showed seasonal interactions among aquatic organisms. The majority of aquatic animal (zooplankton, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera) were dependent on epiphytic particulate organic matter (EPOM), and the dependence on EPOM gradually increased toward autumn. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus consumed Ephemeroptera and zooplankton in both macrophyte zones, but Micropterus salmoides depended on different food items in the reed zone and the mixed plant zone. Although, M. salmoides in the reed zone showed food utilization similar to L. macrochirus, it consumed Odonata or small L. macrochirus in the mixed plant zone. Based on these results, it appears that differences in the structure of the two macrophyte zones support different assemblages of aquatic organisms, strongly influencing the trophic interactions between the aquatic organisms.