• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

Gloss is very important optical property influencing the perceived quality of the paper surface as well as the surface after printing. Although the average gloss level of paper products or printed images is important to meet end use specifications, the occurrence of gloss mottle, or non-uniformity of gloss, is often of greater concern for meeting quality requirements, especially for the high gloss paper. Gloss variation originates from the irregularities of paper surface, especially surface roughness of paper. Roughness of paper can be divided into micro-roughness (under $1\mu m$ scale in variation) and macro-roughness (over $1\mu m$ scale in variation) depending on the scale of the irregularities. A clearer understanding of the gloss variation of paper can be achieved by separating the contributions of these two scales of roughness, and characterizing them independently. In order to do this, a novel gloss measuring method was introduced. This can detect local gloss with very high resolution. The effect of macro-roughness on gloss variation, which was identified by the measurable surface topography, was separated from the total gloss variation by using this method. The effect of micro-roughness was then estimated indirectly. The local gloss variations of various paper samples were then evaluated to demonstrate the utility of this approach.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.72-79
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• 2002

The effects of carbon black on the critical J-value and the surface fracture morpology of the carbon-black filled natural rubbers were investigated. Different kinds of carbon blacks resulted in different critical J-values, surface, and roughness. It was noticed that the critical J-value was almost the same regardless of the length of a pre-crack. In addition, different kinds of carbon blacks resulted in different fracture morphologies, and micro-scale and macro-scale roughnesses. The critical J-value could be linearly expressed by the micro-scale roughness and the macro-scale roughness and it seemed related to the size distribution of carbon black particles. And we also found that the macro-scale ms roughness was more sensitive than the micro-scale ms roughness to the critical J-value by the result of correlation coefficient, r$^2$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1201-1202
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• 2005

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

To compute a permeability coefficient along a rough fracture that takes into account the fracture geometry, this study performed detailed measurements of fracture roughness using a confocal laser scanning microscope, a quantitative analysis of roughness using a spectral analysis, and a homogenization analysis to calculate the permeability coefficient on the microand macro-scale. The homogenization analysis is a type of perturbation theory that characterizes the behavior of microscopically inhomogeneous material with a periodic boundary condition in the microstructure. Therefore, it is possible to analyze accurate permeability characteristics that are represented by the local effect of the facture geometry. The Cpermeability coefficients that are calculated using the homogenization analysis for each rough fracture model exhibit an irregular distribution and do not follow the relationship of the cubic law. This distribution suggests that the permeability characteristics strongly depend on the geometric conditions of the fractures, such as the roughness and the aperture variation. The homogenization analysis may allow us to produce more accurate results than are possible with the preexisting equations for calculating permeability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.255-262
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the results of a study which uses the recently developed Optical Profile Microscopy technique (Dove and Frost, 1996) as the basis for investigating the role of geomembrane surface roughness on the shear strength of goomembrane/geotextile interfaces. The results show that interface friction can be quantitatively related to the surface roughness of the geomembrane. The peak and residual interface strengths increase dramatically through the use of textured geomembranes as opposed to smooth geomembranes. For the smooth geomembranes, the sliding of the geotextile is the main shear mechanism. For the textured geomembranes, the peak interface strength is mainly mobilized through the micro-texture of the geomembrane, however, the residual interface strength is primarily attributed to macro scale surface roughness which pulls out and breaks the filaments from the geotextile. The results of this study can be extended to the other interfaces such as joints in rock mass, and also can be used to provide a quantitative framework that can lead to a significantly improved basis for the selection and design of geotextiles and geomembranes in direct contact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.11c
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• pp.57-68
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the results of a study which uses the recently developed Optical Profile Microscopy technique (Dove and Frost, 1996) as the basis for investigating the role of geomembrane surface roughness on the shear mechanism of geomembrane/geotextile interfaces. The alternative roughness parameters which consider the direction of shearing are described. These directional parameters are compared with the existing roughness parameters, and the relationship between these directional and non-directional parameters are investigated. Then, the relationship between interface shear strength and surface roughness quantified at the interface is investigated. The results show that interface friction can be quantitatively related to the surface roughness of the geomembrane. The peak and residual interface strengths increase dramatically through the use of textured geomembranes as opposed to smooth geomembranes. For the smooth geomembranes, the sliding of the geotextile is the main shear mechanism. For the textured geomembranes, the peak interface strength is mainly mobilized through the micro-texture of the geomembrane, however, the residual interface strength is primarily attributed to macro scale surface roughness which pulls out and breaks the filaments from the geotextile. The results of this study can be extended to the other interfaces such as joints in rock mass, and also can be used to provide a quantitative framework that can lead to a significantly improved basis for the selection and design of geotextiles and geomembranes in direct contact.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.581-585
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• 2006

Macro interfaces between two different bulk materials which affect the stability of insulation system exist inevitably in the complex insulation system using in extra high voltage (EHV) electric devices. In this paper, Interface between epoxy and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) was selected as an interface in electrical insulation system and the AC dielectric strength of the interface was investigated. Air compress system was used to give pressure to the interface. Specimens were prepared in various ways to generate different surface conditions for each type of interface. Increasing interfacial pressure, decreasing surface roughness and spreading oil over surfaces improve the AC interfacial dielectric strength. Especially, the dielectric strength was saturated at certain interfacial pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.316-317
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2001

제지기술의 변화속도가 빨라지고 제품의 고품질화가 요구가 많아지면서 finishing 공정 에 대한 관심과 중요성이 점점 더 높아지고 있다. 소비자의 요구에 부합되는 제품의 품 질을 얻기 위해서 여러 가지 방법들이 개발되고 있으며, 그 중에서 calender 설비 및 처리 기술이 계속적으로 발전하고 있는 추세이다. 특히 coated paper 제조 공정에서의 s supercalender 처 리 기 술은 매 우 중요하다. F Finishing 공정은 종이의 품질을 결정하는 제지 공정의 마지막 단계로서 calendering 처리 방법에 따라 제품의 품질을 크게 변화시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 s supercalendering 처리 조건을 변경시켜 도공지의 품질 특성을 관찰하였으며 실험실용 s supercalender와 현장 적용을 통하여 supercalender 처리 조건이 도공지 품질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하고 이를 이용하여 제품 품질을 개선시키기 위해서 수행하였다. 안료 배합비를 달리하여 다양한 온도와 압력 조건을 적용하여 보았으며 동일한 백지광 택을 갖는 여러 조건들에 대해서 각각의 품질 특성을 살펴보았다. 동일 백지광택에서 온도가 높을수록 macro-roughness, micro-roughness는 더 우수하게 나타났으며 이는 printability의 차이로 이어 졌다. 실험실용 supercalender를 이용한 실험에서 경도가 다른 두 가지 탄성롤로 cotton roll 과 polymer roll을 사용하였으며 통일한 온도와 압력 조건에서 calendering 특성은 서 로 다르게 나타났다. Calendering 조건이 가혹할수록 두 roll간의 특성은 더욱 두드러지 게 나타났으며 macro-roughness 보다는 micro-roughness에서 차이가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 두 roll간의 특성 차이로 인하여 실제 인쇄 결과는 다르게 나타날 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1079-1084
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• 2002

Because complex insulation method is used in EHV(extra high voltage) insulation systems, macro Interfaces between two different bulk materials which affect the stability of insulation system exist inevitably. Interface between toughened epoxy and silicone rubber was selected as a interface in EHV insulation systems and tested AC interfacial breakdown properties with variation of many conditions to influence on electrical Properties, such as interfacial pressure, roughness and oil. Specimen was designed to reduce the effect of charge transport from electrode in the process of breakdown and to have the tangential electrical potential with the direction of the interface between epoxy and silicone rubber by using FEM(finite elements method). It could control the interfacial pressure, roughness and viscosity of oil. From the result of this study, it was shown that the interfacial breakdown voltage is improved by increasing interfacial Pressure and oil. In particular, the dielectric strength saturates at certain interracial Pressure level. The decreasing ratio of the interfacial breakdown voltage in non-oiled specimen was increased by the temperature rising, while oiled specimen was not affected by temperature.