• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.56-71
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial distributional characteristics of industries among the Korean cities and to conduct industry classification using the findings. For this purpose, 82 cities in Korea are investigated with respect to 15 industrial sectors. In the analysis, concentration of and association between industries are recognized using both geographic and non-geographic measures. In order to measure concentration and association, locational Gini coefficient, Moran's I, correlation coefficient, and bivatiate Moran are used and 15 industrial sectors are classified based on these estimates. The findings reveal that the chemical sector shows strong geographic and non-geographic concentrations while the assembly, machinery and electronics sector only shows a strong geographic concentration. Printing and publishing, wholesale, and business services show a strong non-geographic association with other sectors. The remaining ten sectors show no explicit distribution patterns among cities. This study contributes to providing the methodology that analyzes the spatial distribution patterns of industries in a comprehensive way and is able to provide useful information in implementing industrial location policies including industrial clusters.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.291-336
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• 2005

This paper investigates how oil price changes have an impact on the Korean manufacturing production activities. For this investigation, we use a structural VAR motel to estimate impulse response functions of industrial production, producer price and export price to an oil price increase over manufacturing industries. It finds that in most manufacturing industries, an oil price increase leads to decreases in industrial productions and domestic prices except energy intensive industries, but to increases in industrial export prices except non-metallic (26), computers and offic machinery (30), electronic components, radio, television and communication (32) industries. This result explains that an oil price increase makes negative impacts on the manufacturing production activities not only through demand slowdown in the domestic markets but also through supply contraction in the export markets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

The concept of SIL is applied in the most of all standards relating to functional system safety. However there are problems for the people to apply SIL to their plants. as these standards don't include sufficient informations. In this regards, this paper will suggest the direction of SIL application and concept based on IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. A Safety Integrity Level(SIL) is the discrete level(one out of possible fours), corresponding to a range of the probability of an E/E/PE (Electric/Electrical/Programmable Electrical) safety-related system satisfactorily performing the specific safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. SIL can be divided into the target SIL(or required SIL) and the result SIL. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis at the analysis phase of safety lifecycle and the result SIL is calculated during SIL verification at the realization phase of safety lifecycle. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis like LOPA(Layer Of Protection Analysis), Risk Graph, Risk Matrix and the result SIL is calculated by HFT(Hardware Fault Tolerance), SFF(Safe Failure Fraction) and PFDavg(average Probability of dangerous Failure on Demand). SIL is applied to various areas such as process safety, machinery(road vehicles, railway application, rotating equipment, etc), nuclear sector which functional safety is applied. The functional safety is the part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems and other risk reduction measures. SIL is applied only to the functional safety of SIS(Safety Instrumented System) in safety. EUC is the abbreviation of Equipment Under Control and is the equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2016

Objectives: Malaria has been a major global health problem in recent times with increasing mortality. Current treatment methods include parasiticidal drugs and vaccinations. However, resistance among malarial parasites to the existing drugs has emerged as a significant area of concern in anti-malarial drug design. Researchers are now desperately looking for new targets to develop anti-malarials drug which is more target specific. Malarial parasites harbor a plastid-like organelle known as the 'apicoplast', which is thought to provide an exciting new outlook for the development of drugs to be used against the parasite. This review elaborates on the current state of development of novel compounds targeted againstemerging malaria parasites. Methods: The apicoplast, originates by an endosymbiotic process, contains a range of metabolic pathways and housekeeping processes that differ from the host body and thereby presents ideal strategies for anti-malarial drug therapy. Drugs are designed by targeting the unique mechanism of the apicoplasts genetic machinery. Several anabolic and catabolic processes, like fatty acid, isopenetyl diphosphate and heme synthess in this organelle, have also been targeted by drugs. Results: Apicoplasts offer exciting opportunities for the development of malarial treatment specific drugs have been found to act by disrupting this organelle's function, which wouldimpede the survival of the parasite. Conclusion: Recent advanced drugs, their modes of action, and their advantages in the treatment of malaria by using apicoplasts as a target are discussed in this review which thought to be very useful in desigining anti-malarial drugs. Targetting the genetic machinery of apicoplast shows a great advantange regarding anti-malarial drug design. Critical knowledge of these new drugs would give a healthier understanding for deciphering the mechanism of action of anti-malarial drugs when targeting apicoplasts to overcome drug resistance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2017

The use of tractors to carry out agricultural work has played an important role in mechanizing the agricultural sector. A repairable mechanical system (such as an agricultural tractor) is subject to deterioration or failure. In this study, a regression model was used to predict the failure rate of a John Deere 3140 tractor. The machine failure pattern was carefully studied, and key factors affecting the failure rate were identified in five regions of the Khouzestan province. Through a questionnaire, data was obtained from farm records. This data was grouped into six sub-groups, according to the annual use hours (AUH) and the manner in which the tractors were stored. Results showed that AUH and storage policies affected failure rate slightly. With an increase in the age of the tractors, the failure rate in the tractors used for 1050-2000 hours annually and stored outdoors was higher than those used for 200-1000 hours annually and stored in sheds. When the tractors were of the same age, the slope of the curve in the 200-1000 annual use hours increased gradually and then rapidly, but failure rate in the 1050-2000 annual use hours was high from the beginning, and subsequent increase in this value was almost uniform. As a result, it can be said that with an increase in the annual use hours, the failure and breakdown rate in John Deere 3140 tractors rapidly increases, but maintenance conditions only slightly affect the failure and breakdown rate.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

The performance of the crossover system of a centrifugal compressor stage consisting of static components of $180^{\circ}$ U-bend, return channel vanes and exit ducting with a $90^{\circ}$ bend is investigated. This study is confined to the assessment of performance of the crossover system by varying the shape of the return channel vanes. For this purpose two different types of Return Channel Vanes (RCV1 and RCV2) were experimentally investigated. The performance of the crossover system is discussed in terms of total pressure loss coefficient, static pressure recovery coefficient and vane surface pressure distribution. The experimentation was carried out on a test setup in which static swirl vanes were used to simulate the flow at the exit of an actual centrifugal compressor impeller with a design flow coefficient of 0.053. The swirl vanes are connected to a mechanism with which the flow angle at the inlet of U-bend could be altered. The measurements were taken at five different operating conditions varying from 70% to 120% of design flow rate. On an overall assessment RCV1 is found to give better performance in comparison to RCV2 for different U-bend inlet flow angles. The performance of RCV2 was verified using numerical studies with the help of a CFD Code. Three dimensional sector models were used for simulating the flow through the crossover system. The turbulence was predicted with standard k-$\varepsilon$, 2-equation model. The iso-Mach contour plots on different planes and development of secondary flows were visualized through this study.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.189-224
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• 2015

To meet sectoral emission target by 2020 and prepare for the emission trading scheme from 2015, decomposition analysis of energy consumption and GHG emission is required by 18 subsectors in industry sector where emission targets are established. Log Mean Divisia Index decomposition method was used to analyze factors' effects on energy and emission in the industry sector and by 18 subsectors from 2004 to 2011. Industrial energy consumption was increased due to the production effect and energy intensity effect. However structure effect contributes to the decrease of energy consumption. In terms of emissions (including indirect emission due to electricity consumption) in the industry sector, only structure effect contributed to the emission reduction. Factors' effects by subsectors were different. Cement industry, which is included at Nonmetal shows different results from those of Nonmetal industry and machinery industry, which is a subsector of Fabricated Metal, was also similar. In this regard, we should not apply the policy implications from decomposition analysis of aggregated industry such as Nonmetal or Fabricated Metal to its subsectors uniformly and develop a differentiated policy for each subsector industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.224-235
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• 2019

The increase in the amount of energy used in the agricultural sector due to the expansion of agricultural machinery and greenhouse horticulture has caused a range of problems, such as an increase in the cost of input, such as heating costs and greenhouse gas emission. To overcome these problems, this study examined the current status of energy use in greenhouse horticulture as well as the change patterns of non-taxable oil and agricultural electricity, and reviewed the current status of the supply of renewable energy and energy saving facilities for agriculture. This study investigated the area of advanced and renewable energy and energy saving facilities implemented, applied the energy saving ratio of advanced and renewable energy and energy saving facilities, and determined the effects of renewable energy in the agricultural sector, such as increase in production, decrease in heating cost, reduction in Government financial expenditure, reduction in greenhouse gas emission, and oil substitution effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5716-5720
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• 2012

To expand the use of three dimensional(3D) product modelling in the army, we have analyzed military technical data management system, as well as the military guidelines for the unique format and content of technical data package. Because traditional munition sector is based on the machinery and equipment industry, they have usually applied two dimensional(2D) drawings to prepare a design and to make a product. For that reason, there is no provision for 3D product modelling as a technical data package in the military guideline. In this study, we proposed an improvement scheme for the vitalization of 3D product modelling in the army not only in terms of related guideline but also military technical data management system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2008

The inter-industrial inducement effects of the korean railway services on the output, value-added, imports of the 403 industrial sectors of the korean economy have been computed by the input-output analysis technique utilizing the 2003 Input-Output Tables, which was published most recently in April 2007 by the Bank of Korea. The korean railway service industry produced \2,766 billion worth of passenger and freight railroad services in the 2003 year, and it has induced \1,701 billion worth of output, \781 billion worth of value-added, and \580 billion worth of imports of the korean industry as a whole. The energy sector industries such as diesel fuel, thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, crude oil, liquid natural gas, bituminous coal, liquid propane gas have been most affected by the korean railway services. Other industries mainly affected by the korean railway services include railroad car manufacturing, cleaning and decontamination, medical and health service, machinery equipment and rental, construction and maintenance, transportation related services, business R&D, property insurance, and telecommunication.