• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1984

기계이앙답(機械移秧沓)과 손이앙답간(移秧沓間)의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 생태차이(生態差異)를 구명(究明)하여 효과적(效果的)인 방제체계(防除體系)를 확립(確立)하기 위(爲)하여 이앙답(移秧沓)에 많이 사용(史要)되고 있는 butachlor, thiobencarb, oxadiazon 등 11종(種)의 제초제(除草劑)를 공시(公試)하여 1983년(年) 영남작물(嶺南作物) 시험장(試驗場) 수도포장중(水稻圃場中)에서 1년생잡초(年生雜草)와 다년생(多年生) 잡초(雜草)가 우점된 포장(圃場)에서 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이앙방법(移秧方法)(기계이앙(機械移秧), 손이앙(移秧))에 따른 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 벼를 재배(栽培)하지 않은 자연방임구(自然放任區)가 $m^2$당(當) 잡초수(雜草數)가 8326 본(本) 건물중(建物重)이, 1643g으로 가장 많았고 다음은 기계이앙구(機械移秧區), 손이앙구(移秧區) 순(順)이었으며 벼재배(栽培)에 의(依)한 잡초발생(雜草發生) 억제효과(抑制效果)는 기계이앙구(機械移秧區),가 50%, 손이앙구(移秧區)가 55%이었다. 2. Simpson지수(指數)와 군락우점도(群落優點度)(Community dominance)는 손이앙(移秧)을 함으로써 군락우점도(群落優點度)는 점차 특정(特定) 초종(草種) 즉 올챙고랭이 쪽으로 치우치는 경향이었다. 3. 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)과 벼수량(收量)과의 관계(關係)는 지수함수적인(指數函數的)인 관계(關係)를 보였으며, $m^2$당(當) 잡초건물량(雜草建物量)이 300g일 때 벼수량(數量) 감소(減少)정도는 손이앙구(移秧區)가 26%, 기계이앙구(機械移秧區)가 32%였으며, 잡초발생수(雜草發生數)에 따른 벼수량감소(數量減少)는 기게이앙구(機械移秧區)와 손이앙구간(移秧區間)에 별차이(差異)가 없었다. 4. 무제초(無除草) 방임구(放任區)에서 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)한 벼수량감소(收量減少)는 기계이앙답(機械移秧沓)이 41%, 손이앙답(移秧沓)이 33%로써 벼수량감소율(收量減少率)이 기계이앙답((機械移秧沓)에서 7% 더높았다. 5. 공시(供試)된 제초제중(除草劑中)에서 이앙방법간(移秧方法間) 잡초발생량차이(雜草發生量差異)가 가장 적었던 제초제(除草劑)는 butachlor(E.C)와 CG 113/oxadiazo이었고 이앙방법간(移秧方法間)에 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)한 감소율(減少率)은 제초제(除草劑) 종류(種類)에 따라 다소 차이(差異)는 있으나 뚜렷한 경향은 없었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.246-251
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• 1983

In recent years weed flora have been changed to perennial dominance in paddy field being affected by the cropping systems and cultural practices. The perennial weeds are difficult to be controlled with annual herbicides which occupy 94% of total consumption of herbicides. The weeds competed more with rice plants in early tillering stages in machine transplanted field. For the reasonable and effective weed control, it is advisable to use single ai herbicides in hand transplanting field, but combined and mixed herbicides should be applied in machine transplanting field.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of turf grass growth to seedling rates and bed soil types. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; the more increasing the seedling rates, the plant height and leaf length were longer, but the number of leaf and number of branch were fewer. Incase of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine, it might be considered that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with regarding to the economic aspects. The maximum seedling rate of turf grass in the seedling tray for rice was 1,000 of seedling amount due to the nutrient competition with intensive seedling. As the results indicated, it might be recommended that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with 1,000 of seedling rates in case of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2002년도 심포지엄
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of turf grass growth to seedling rates and bed soil types. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; the more increasing the seedling rates, the plant height and leaf length were longer, but the number of leaf and number of branch were fewer. In case of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine, it might be considered that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with regarding to the economic aspects. The maximum seedling rate of turf grass in the seedling tray for rice was 1,000 of seedling amount due to the nutrient competition with intensive seedling. As the results indicated, it might be recommended that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with 1,000 of seedling rates in case of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1997

우리나라 남부지방에서 벼 기계이앙 및 직파재배에 따른 수도 주요해충의 발생피해를 조사한 결과, 끝동매미충, 혹명나방은 기계이앙답에서 다소 많은 발생을 보였으나 벼멸구, 애멸구는 직파재배답에서 더 많은 밸생을 보였다. 그리고 이화명나방, 흰등멸구, 벼줄기굴파리는 그 차이를 인정하기 어려웠다. 조사 해충 모두 기계이앙이나 직파재배보다는 재배시기가 발생 피해에 더 큰 영향을 주었다. 벼멸구, 흰등멸구, 애멸구, 끝동매미충은 재배시기가 늦을수록 발생량이 많았으나, 이화명나방과 혹명나방은 그 시기가 빠를수록 발생피해가 컸다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

To determine none top soil covering in rice seedling nursery method for the sparse machine transplanting, four different sowing methods were tested. Shoot and root length, fresh weight, leaf number and color using leaf color chart(LCC) and SPAD were collected as the data comparison of methods. The seedling height showed the highest growth according to the conventional (230g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) > high sowing density 1 (290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) ≥ high sowing density 2(290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and none top-soil covering) > high sowing density 3(290g seed rate of iron-coated seeds and none top-soil covering). There was any statistical difference between groups in root length, leaf number, LCC, and SPAD values. Thus, a high sowing density of 290g for rice nursery seedling box was recommended to the sparse machine transplanting in rice cultivation with the none top-soil covering method, enabling convenient handling in transportation and machine transplanting work.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1993

벼의 재배유형(栽培類型)(관행(慣行) 손이앙(移秧), 중묘(中苗)(30일묘(日苗))의 기계이앙(機械移秧), 어린모(10일묘(日苗))의 기계이앙(機械移秧), 최아종자(催芽種子)의 담수직파(湛水直播) 및 건종자(乾種子)의 건답직파(乾畓直播)에 있어서 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 경합기간(競合其間)에 따라 잡초(雜草)의 발생량(發生量) 및 벼의 생육량(生育量)을 보면 다음과 같다. 가, 잡초(雜草)의 발생량(發生量) : 이앙(移秧) 또는 파종후(播種後) 잡초방임시(雜草放任時) 벼 출수기(出穗期)까지 발생(發生)된 잡초(雜草)의 건물중비율(乾物重比率)은 건답직파(乾畓直播)에서 가장 높았고, 이어서 담수직파(湛水直播)>어린모기계이앙(機械移秧)>중묘기계이앙(中苗機械移秧)>관행이앙재배(慣行移秧栽培) 순(順)으로 높았다. 반면에 일정기간(一定期間) 방임(放任)하였다가 제초(除草)한 처리(處理)에서는 잡초(雜草)의 건물중비율(乾物重比率)이 담수직파(湛水直播)>건답직파(乾畓直播)>어린모기계이앙(機械移秧)>중묘기계이앙(中苗機械移秧)>관행이앙(慣行移秧)의 순(順)으로 높았다. 나, 벼의 생육량(生育量) : 잡초경합(雜草競合)에 의한 벼 생육억제(生育抑制)의 허용한계(許容限界)를 20%로 보았을때, 최소한(最小限)의 무잡초상태(無雜草狀態) 유지기간(維持期間)은 관행이앙(慣行移秧)과 중묘(中苗) 및 어린모기계이앙(機械移秧)에서는 이앙후(移秧後) 3주간(週間), 담수직파(湛水直播)는 파종후(播種後) 5주이상(週以上), 그리고 건답직파(乾畓直播)에서는 파종후(播種後) 7-8주(週)까지이었다. 반면 잡초발생(雜草發生) 허용기간(許容期間)은 담수직파(湛水直播)가 파종후(播種後) 6주이내(週以內), 건답직파(乾畓直播)와 어린모 기계이앙(機械移秧)은 7-8주(週), 중묘기계이앙(中苗機械移秧과 관행이앙(慣行移秧)은 이앙후(移秧後) 9주(週)로 차이(差異)를 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1998

A herbicide applicator attached to a rice transplanter was developed to perform herbicide application and transplanting simultaneously. The prototype machine was composed of herbicide tank, discharge device, spinner, scattering plate and power drive. The application rate of the machine could be adjusted from 10 to 30 kg/㏊ and the application swath was 1.8m. According to the field test, application uniformity showed the range of 13.6~43.9％ in terms of CV(coefficient of variation) depending on the spinner speed, application height and shape of diffuser. The best uniformity could be achieved with the spinner speed of 30.8m/s and application height of 20cm. Field efficiency of the prototype was 4.7hr/㏊. Transplanting machine has field efficiency of 4.6hr/㏊ in Korea. By attaching the herbicide applicator, field efficiency became lowed only by 0.1hr/㏊, which was counted for filling time of herbicide. Simultaneous operation of transplanting and herbicide application had a of labor saying. The weed control efficacy was measured to be 96% in field when AC140 + Stomp and Londax + YRC was applied at the 65th day after transplanting. Nonanmae was treated by manual application to be compared to.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2000

To obtain a basic information on the development of effective control strategies for weedy rice in direct seeding rice cultivation, occurrence patterns of weedy rice as influenced by different cultural practices such as cultivation method, water management, seeding time, and tillage were investigated in field or pot experiments. High occurrence of weedy rice was observed in a continuous direct seeding paddy field as compared to machine transplanted one. Based on the percent of weedy rice panicle over three years trial, high ridged dry seeding was highest with 36.9%, followed by wet seeding with 30.9%, water seeding with 14.6% and machine transplanting rice with 0.8%, indicating 97.8% reduction in weedy rice occurrence by machine transplanting rice as compared with high ridged dry seeding. Germination of weedy rice was promoted to 83-94 % when rice panicle was flooded from September 30 to October 10 for 6 days and 74-88% for 9 days on October 20. Weedy rice occurrence was also substantially reduced by delayed seeding on June 10 and intensive tillage. The results suggest that machine transplanting rice be more effective cultural practice than flooding treatment, delayed seeding and intensive tillage when weedy rice problem occurs in direct seeded paddy field.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate effect of transplanting method, environmental factor, and fertilizing level on occurrence of Pseudomonas glumae in south-west coastal area of Chonnam province. Occurrence in filed began after heading and increased gradually during 3-4 weeks. Occurrence of this disease was great at daily minimum temperature of 23-$25^{\circ}C$ and series of rainfall during early and mid. August Degree of infection by fertilization of nitrogen and by transplanting fertilizing level of 50% than standard fertilization of nitrogen and by transplanting method was greater machine-transplanting than hand-transplanting. Rate of degradation was 6.5% in case of 10% of infected panicle, 14.5% in 30%, 22% in 50% and 35.9% in 70%. We can reduce occurrence of this disease by sawing non -infected seed and balanced fertilizing in cultural practice and applying oryza 4kg/a in early transplanting or Kasugamin EC and Allta in heading stage.