• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-47
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• 2001

This research was performed to develope a stable direct seeding method in rice cultivation using by a direct seeder with soil application. A principle of this methodology was introduced from seeding nursery system of machine transplanting enable to increase high seeding establishment direct seeding method with soil application was high of 89-95% while that of water seeding was 68%. During seeding growth plant height was ralatively small but seeding health was high. A total soil consumption of this methodology was 145kg/10a in dirll seeding and 26kg/10a in hill seeding respectively, there was 100% erected in direct seeding with soil application while water seeding was 45% in erected seeding stand. In direct seeding method with soil application total carbohydrate content was higher than that of water seeding. This machine was manufactured to attach and/or detach to a machine transplanter with riding type and machine cultivator with multipurpose. In the farmer's demonstrated rice field this method was well performed like machine transplanting in terms of rice growth and development. There was highly cost reduction for rice production like other direct seeding methods.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2017

Purpose: To reduce the costs of potato seeds and labor of workers, a fully automatic in-situ seeding machine for cutting seed potatoes was developed. Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the seeder performance of the prototype of potato planter by cutting seeds in farmlands from March to April 2017. The study tested the seeder performance at working speeds ranging from 0.28 to 0.45 m/s. The seeding rate and seeding distance were also investigated according to the planned distance between planted seeds from 20 to 30 cm, with 5 cm intervals. Results: Tests on the performance of the developed cutting blade on the automatic potato seeder show that whole potatoes should be used instead of half potatoes. The seeding rates were 88.8% and 82.5% for whole and half potatoes, respectively. When the tractor working speed was increased from 0.28 to 0.45 m/s, the successful seeding rate decreased from 98.8% to 96.3%, respectively. However, with planted seed distances of 20, 25, and 30 cm, the successful seeding rates were near 98%. Conclusions: The developed automatic potato seeder can to improve the labor productivity and cultivation environment of potato farms by the mechanization of the seeding process, which is currently associated with high-labor, -costs, and -hours. Therefore, based on this study, the developed automatic potato seeder provides the mechanization necessary for improved potato cultivation conditions in farmlands.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. Current direct seeding machines for rice in Korea drill irregularly under various operating conditions. This study was conducted to develope a precision seeder which enables the accurate, even-spaced in row placement of rice seeds at uniform depths of 3-4 cm on dry paddy. Design, construction and performance evaluation of the precision seeder were carried out. The tractor rear-mounted type 8-rows precision seeder which performs seeding in addition to fertilizing, ditching, and rotary tilling works on dry paddy was developed. Main components of the seeder were ditcher and leveller, rotary tiller, powered roller type furrow opener, seeding device, powered roller type furrow covering and firming device, hydraulic unit, seeding speed control system, power transmission system, hitch and frame. Ditching, furrow opening, and seed covering and firming performances were good and seeding depths of 2-4 cm could be maintained. Planting accuracies and planting precisions were within 13.6%, and 31.2%, respectively, for planting space of 15 cm, and seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s. These mean variations of average planting space were within 2.1 cm, and 90% of seeds in a hill were seeded within 4.7 cm of hill length, respectively. Error ratios between setting planting space and measured average planting space were shown within 6.7%. Therefore the seeder showed good planting performance up to seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s in field tests. And field capacity of the seeder was about 0.28 ha/hour.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.495-501
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• 1994

배수불량답이 많이 분포하여 건답직파재배가 어려운 호남평야지에 알맞는 무논골뿌림재배의 적정 파종방법 및 파종후 담수시기를 밝히고자 만금벼를 공시하고 파종방법과 파종후 담수시기를 달리하여 1992년에 미사질양토인 전북통에서 수행한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입모율은 이앙기부착기와 관리기부착기간에는 별 차이가 없었으나 살립기에 의한 토중직파에서는 매우 낮았다. 2. 파종 소요시간은 살립기<관리기부착기<이앙기부착기 순으로 적었으며 육묘 및 이앙작업이 성약되어 어린모기계이앙보다 노력절감 효과가 컸다. 3. 도복은 세 파종방법 모두 어린모기계이앙보다 약간 심하였고 수량은 동력살립기에 의한 파종을 제외하고는 어린모기계이앙과 비슷하였다. 4. 파종직후 담수하는 것이 출아기가 빠르고 입모율이 높았으며 잡초발생양도 적었다. 5. 파종직후 담수하는 것이 수수 및 $m^2$당 입수가 많아 다소 증수하는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2011

A large scale seeding system was stable in terms of techniques but a convenient seeding system of small size was unsettled. This study was performed to develop a semi-automatic seeder for small and medium sized scale farm. To investigate optimum needle diameter and vacuum pressure was used vacuum suction needle seeder. Although the needle diameter according to the kinds of seed was different, the needle diameter for salvia and lettuce seed was suitable for 0.34 mm needle nozzle and 0.4 mm taper nozzle. The prototype consisted a seeding frame attached with needle nozzle, seed hopper, vibrating device, seeding part, vacuum ejector, seed tube etc.. As the result with the experiments, the seeding rate of the seeder was 92% and more at 0.34 mm diameter needle nozzle and 0.4 mm taper nozzle. Eccentric weight for seed hopper vibration was suitable that weight is 11 g and eccentric distance is 0.5 mm. Vibration acceleration of upward direction was 0.363 m/$s^2$. Working capacity of the seeder was possible 160 trays per hour. It was possible for sowing small seeds but it was required to make compact and simple model.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 1996

Direct-seeded rice can have comparable yield with transplanted rice if its inherent problems can be solved. It is a labor-saving technology and can significantly reduce production cost because seedling nursery , pulling , and transplanting are omitted. Turnaround time between cropping is reduced hence the possibility of a third annual crop. But direct-seeded rice is very vulnerable to pest attack (by birds, rats, and golden snails), desiccation, weed infestation, and prone to lodging resulting to unstable crop establishment and inconsistent yield. These problems can be solved by anaerobic seeding (sowing pre-germinated seeds under the soil). It requires precise seed placement into the soil to optimize its benefits. We developed a four-row anaerobic direct seeder (US $ 200 commercial price) for this purpose . It consist of a structural framework mounted with a drum -hopper metering device, flotation type drivewheels, spring-loaded and adjustable furrow closers, and furrow open rs, and a plastic rainguard. It can sow in line pre-germinated seeds into the soil thus permitting the use of mechanical weeders for a chemical-free weed control. Its performance was comparable with the Japanese two-row anaerobic seeder (costing US$400) in terms of seed placement and crop establishment. It was tested with five cultivars. Seeding rate varied from 38 kg/ha to 80kg/ha. Crop establishment ranged from 64 to 99 percent while grain yield varied from 3.0 t/ha to 5.4t/ha. A six-row anaerobic seeder was also developed and adapted to a powertiller for increased capacity , field efficiency , and easier operation. The anaerobic seeder is useful to farmers shifting to direct seeding to reduce rice production cost and to researchers conducting agronomic studies in direct-seeded rice. Blueprint of the machine is available free of charge from IRRI.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1997

Sesame was one of the economical crops in Korea. However, cultivation area of sesame has been decreasing rapidly due to the lack of mechanization for this crop and the opening of agricultural product market. Sesame seed is so small that ordinary seeder can not seed properly. In rural practice, farmers seed sesame with hand and do thinning after shoot emerges. Seeding and thinning in sesame cultivation take more than 40% of total labor To reduce labor in seeding and thinning, a pellet seed machine for sesame has been developed. The pellet seed machine is very simple in structure. It utilizes the chemical reaction between alginate solution and $CaCl_2$. Two material forms a membrane when they meet The uniqueness of the pellet seed machine for sesame were 1) a counter rotating roller for metering the mixture of activated carbon and alginate and 2) swinging plate for submerging seed into the mixture. The prototype machine can produce 30, 000 pellets per hour and costs ￦6, 891 per 1 km sesame.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

시호(柴胡) 성력화(省力化) 재배기술(栽培技術) 개발(開發)의 일환(一環)으로 기계파종시(機械播種時) 재식밀도(栽植密度) 차이(差異)가 생육과6 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)코자 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 인력파종기(人力播種機)를 이용(利用)한 파종(播種) 소요시간(所票時間)은 손파종(播種)에 비하여 조간(條間) 20 및 30cm 처리(處理) 모두 96%의 파종노력을 절감(節減)할 수 있었다. 2. 재식밀도(栽植密度)에 따른 입모수(立毛數)는 조간(條間) 및 주간(株間)이 좁아질수록 많아졌으며, 경장(莖長) 및 마디 수는 차이가 없었다. 3. 주간거리(株間距離)가 좁아질수록 경태(莖太), 분기수(分枝數), 지상부종(地上部重), 규근경(圭根莖), 생체중(生體重) 및 건근중(乾根重)등이 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 근수량(根收量)은 조간(條間) 20cm 처리(處理)가 30cm보다 증가(增加)되었으며, 주간거리(株間距離)에 따라서는 조간(條間) 20 및 30cm 처리(處理) 모두 밀식(密植)일수록 증가(增加)되어 적정(適定) 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 조간(條間) 20cm에 조파(條播) 또는 주간(株間) 5cm로 나타났다. 5. 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 다르게 할 경우 입모수(立毛數)와 근수량(根收量)과는 정상관(正相關)을 보여 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定) 되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

농가에 보급(普及)되어 있는 농기계(農機械)의 이용효율(利用效率)를 높이고 생산비(生毒費) 절감(節減)을 통한 농가소득(農家所得)을 증대(增大)시키기 위해 경운기부착세조파기 (수도용직파기)를 이용하여 파종(播種)은 4월20일, 5월5일, 5월20일, 6월5일에 하였고, 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 $60{\times}15cm,\;70{\times}15cm,\;80{\times}15cm$가 되도록 파종기의 파종부위(播種部位)를 조절하여 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 파종시기(播種時期)가 늦어질수록 율무의 출아(出芽) 및 개화(開花) 소요일수(所要日數)는 단축(短縮)되었으나, 성숙소요일수(成熟所要日數)는 연장(延長) 되는 경향이었다. 전생육기간(全生育期間)은 $159{\sim}l55$일이 소요(所要)되었다. 2. 생육시기별(生育時期別) 적산온도(積算溫度)는 생육(生育)단계별 소요일수(所要日數)와 같은 경향이었으며, 전생육기간(全生育期間)의 적산온도(積算溫度)는 $3,592.5{\sim}3,459.6^{\circ}C$였다. 3. $m^2$당 입모수(立毛數)는 파종시기간(播種時期間)에는 대차(大差)없었으나, 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에는 소식(疎植)일수록 유의(有意)한 차(差)를 보였다. 4. 생육형질(生育形質)은 파종시기간(播種時期間)에는 간장(稈長)만이 6월5일 파종(播種)이 182.9cm로 유의(有意)하게 짧았으나, 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에는 유의(有意)한 차(差)를 보이지 않았다. 5. 10a당(當) 수량(收量)은 파종시기간(播種時期間)에는 6월5일 파종(播種)만이 유의(有意)하게 감수(減收)하였으나, 재식밀도간(栽植密度間)에는 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 6. 생육단계별(生育段階別) 소요일수(所要日數)와 수량형질간(收量形質間)에서 개화(開花) 소요일수(所要日數)는 1,000입중(粒重)과 고도(高度)의 부(負)의 상관(相關)을, 등숙율(登熟率) 및 종실중간(種實重間)에는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였고, 성숙소요일수(成熟所要日數)는 등숙율(登熟率)과 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1996

황기의 기계파종(機械播種)에 의한 성력효과(省力效果)와 적정재식밀도(適正栽植密度)를 구명(究明)코자 인력파종기(人力播種機)((주)한국(韓國)고바시)를 이용(利用)하여 조간(條間) 3조(30cm) 4조(25cm) 5조(20cm) 6조(15cm)로 하고 주간(株間) 5cm, 10cm, 15cm로 파종(播種)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 인력파종기(人力播種機)로 파종(播種)했을때 관행파종(慣行播種)보다 파종량(播種量)이 절감(節減)되었고 파종시간(播種時間)은 관행(慣行) 33. 0시간(時間)/10a에서 3. 5시간(時間)/10a으로 크게 절감(節減)되었으며 89. 4%의 성력효과(省力效果)가 있었다. 2. 기계파종(機械播種)이 관행파종(慣行播種)에 비해 입모수(立毛數)가 17% 증가(增加)되었고, 재식밀도별(栽植密度別) 지상부(地上部) 생육(生育)은 조(條) 주간거리(株間距離)가 커질수록 양호(良好)하였고, 지하부(地下部) 생육(生育)은 조(條) 주간(株間) 거리(距離)가 넓어질수록 근경(根徑), 건근중(乾根重)이 커지는 경향(傾向)이 었지만 근장(根長)은 별차이(別差異)가 없었다. 3. 기계파종시(機械播種時) 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 조간(條間) 15cm (6조) 주간(株間) 10cm에서 주당(株當) 건근중(乾根重)이 3. 6g이며 수량(收量)은 136. 1kg/10a으로 가장 양호(良好)하여 황기의 1년생(年生)으로 수확(收穫)할 경우 적정(適正) 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 조간(條間) 15cm, 주간(株間) 10cm가 가장 적합(適合)한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 관행(慣行)과 기계파종(機械播種)의 경제성(經濟性) 분석(分析)에서도 조수입(粗收入)은 관행(慣行)이 1, 566천(千)원/10a에 비해 기계파종(機械播種)이 1, 933천(千)원으로 23% 증가(增加)되었고 경영비(經營費)는 관행파종(慣行播種)의 494천(千)원/10a 보다 18% 절감(節減)되어 전체(全體) 소득(所得)은 관행파종(慣行播種)의 1, 072천(千)원/10a에 비해 기계파종(機械播種)이 1, 527천(千)원/10a으로 42% 소득(所得)이 증대(增大)되었다.