• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activities of stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract.Methods : Stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract were prepared using 70% methanol. Methanol extracts were fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water fractions and investigated. The antioxidant activities of fractions was evaluated by four different assays as total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging ability.Results : The yield of methanolic extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis was 10.16%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, and water) were 5.45, 11.39, 13.88, 26.07, and 40.80%, respectively. The total polyphenol contents and electron donating ability of 70% methanol extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis were 15.44 mg/g and 194.15 μg/mL of its IC₅₀, respectively. The 70% methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of chloroform fractions were higher in each of 201.98 mg/g and 13.55 mg/g. The chloroform fraction showed the lowest levels of DPPH(IC₅₀, 183.95 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity(IC₅₀, 10.0 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract, chloroform fractions.Conclusions : These results indicate that 70% methanol extract and its fractions of stem bark of Maackia amurensis, especially chloroform fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant suggesting stem bark of Maackia amurensis may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 2003

A library of unlimited number of novel lectins with diverse specificities has been previously generated by randomly mutating the carbohydrate-recognition domain of Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin (MAH). To establish the experimental environment capable of selecting high affinity mutant lectins in E. coli, phage display system was adapted. Carbohydrate binding capacity of two phagemid vectors, pComb3 and pComb8 displaying wild-type MAH lectin was assessed. Specific bindings of pComb3 and pComb8 phages expressing w.t. MAH to affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MAH antibody and to glycophorin was demonstrated. Both phages also showed strong hemagglutinating activity to intact but not sialidase-treated human erythrocytes, which is consistent to the specificity of native MAH. Taken together, two different phage display vectors successfully allowed the expression of active MAH as a fusion protein on the surface of bacteriophage, which will lead to preparation of unique plant lectins with high affinity toward a variety of carbohydrate chains.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the growth patterns of Maackia amurensis growing in natural forest of Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Kangwon-Do, Korea. The 28 sample plots(30m$\times$30m) wee established to examine the vegetation and environmental conditions for M. amurensis forest. Stem analysis was performed on two sample trees of M. amurensis for each of the 5 plots situated at intervals of one hundred meters by altitude. The results obtained were as follows: ⑴ Height growth of M. amurensis increased with increasing age until 10 years, and then decreased thereafter, especially at altitude of 1,020m. ⑵ M. amurensis showed rapid early growth of height and volume, indicating high biomass production under favorable environment. This growth pattern is typical of pioneer species such as Cornus controversa and Betula costata. ⑶ The rotation age of natural M. amuensis forest was estimated at above 50 years, and especially at about 60 years in 840m above the sea level. ⑷ Growth of M. amurensis increased greatly at about 40 years when released from severe competitions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3092-3094
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• 2014

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1981

This study examined the radial variations in element demensions of mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica.), elm (Ulmus japonica.), maackia(Maackia amurensis.), castor aralia (Kalopanax pictus.) from pith outwards. Disks were cut from the d.b.h.(above 1.2m) of each species and specimen for tangential pore diameters, fiber length, ray height and width were taken from 1-3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th.............40th ring number from pith. The tangential pore diameters in the earlywood increased rapidly near the pith and then maintained almost constant or very gradually increased diameters in about 20th-30th ring number from pith. In the latewood, tangential pore diameters gradually increased from pith to outwards though the increment is smaller than in early wood. Radial variations of ray height and width maintained almost constant, gradually increased or rapidly increased diameters and then maintained almost constant from pith to outwards. Patterns of radial variations in the fiber length were almost coincident with patterns of earlywood pore diameters, and of ray height or width in Ulmus japonica and Maackia amurensis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

Eight isoflavonoid compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Maackia amurensis which had shown the highest anti-Helicobacter pylori activity among the fractions, using medium pressure liquid chromatography and recrystallization. Based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, HMBC and MS data, the chemical structures of the isolates were determined to be (-)-medicarpin (1), afromosin (2), formononetin (3), tectorigenin (4), prunetin (5), wistin (6), tectoridin (7) and ononin (8). Anti-H. pylori activity of each compound was evaluated with broth dilution assay. As a result, (-)-medicarpin (1), tectorigenin (4) and wistin (6) showed anti-H. pylori activity. (-)-Medicarpin (1) exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory activity against H. pylori with the minimal inhibitory concentration $(MIC)_{90}$ of $25{\mu}M$, and tectorigenin (4) with $MIC_{90}$ of $100{\mu}M$ ranked the second. This is the first study to show the anti-H. pylori activity of M. amurensis, and it is suggested that the stem bark of M. amurensis or the EtOAc fraction or the isolated compounds can be a new natural source for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

Chromosome analysis using karyotyping and bicolor FISH were carried out for two Maackia species (M. fauriei and M. amurensis) found in Korea. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 18 in both, and the size of these chromosomes ranged from 3.58 to $5.82{\mu}m$. The chromosome complements consisted of two pairs of metacentric (chromosomes 1 and 7), four pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 4, 6, 8 and 9) and three pairs of subtelocentrics (chromosomes 2, 3 and 5) in M. fauriei but, chromosomes 4 (subtelocentric) and 7 (submetacentric) of M. amurensis have different morphology. Using bicolor FISH, a pair of 45S rDNA loci were observed for both M. fauriei and M. amurensis, but the number and site of the 5S rDNA signal were different in the two species. M. fauriei has two pairs of 5S signals on chromosomes 7 and 8 but, M. amurensis has four paris on chromosomes 3, 4, 7 and 7. Hence, the 5S rDNA is a useful FISH for Maackia species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.443-452
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the site and growth characteristics of Mackia amurensis stand in natural forest of Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, Korea. The 28 sample plots ($30m{\times}30m$) were established to examine the vegetation and site characteristics for M. amurensis stand. Stem analysis was performed on two sample trees for each of the 5 plots situated at intervals of 100 m by altitude. M. amurensis trees were mainly distributed at the ridge and the slope facing north, with altitudes ranging from 790 to 1,170 m. The M. amurensis grew at relatively deep A-layer of soil with high moisture but infertile. Dominant species with M. amurensis were Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono, Ulmus davidiana var., japonica, Tilia amurensis, and Populus davidiana. TWINSPAN classified four communities in Mt. Joongwang area; M. amurensis-P. davidiana community (xeric type), M. amurensis-U. davidiana var. japonica community (xeric type), M. amurensis-T. amurensis community (moist type), and M. amurensis-Styrax obassia community (moist type). According to the community type, trees per ha were more abundant in the area of the moist types than the xeric types. Height growth of M. amurensis increased with increasing ages until 10 years, and then decreased thereafter, especially at altitude of 1,020m. M. amurensis showed rapid early growth of height and volume, indicating possible high biomass production under enough light. Growth of M. amurensis increased greatly at about 40 years if released from severe competitions. The rotation age of natural M. amurensis stand was expected for above 50 years.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 1991

An insecticidal isoflavon glycoside was isolated from the roots of Maakia ammurensis. Its structure was shown to be formononetin-7-O-$\beta$ glucosy [1-6] glucoside [1] by chemical and spectroscpic methods and to have insecticidal activities against Brown planthopper female adults by spray and topical applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The dried barks of Maackia amurensis were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of light petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was concentrated, then a portion of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel 60 column using a various solvent system as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC, FAB and EI-MS. The structures were determined as: 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1''''->6''')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyransoyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone. The Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of the isolated compounds were similar with that of BHT but lower than of $\alpha$-tocopherol.