• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2011

Background: A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) has recently been developed as a short and simple method for assessing the quality of life in COPD patients. The object of this study was to assess the usefulness of the Korean version of the CAT for assessing COPD patients in an outpatient clinic. Methods: The study included 60 COPD patients in a stable state from an outpatient clinic. The authors investigated the frequency of acute exacerbation during aprevious year through reviewing medical records. We evaluated the spirometry test, a 6-min walk distance test, and obtained the MMRC dyspnea scale, the Korean version of the CAT, and the BODE index at the time of visit. To assess the usefulness of the CAT, correlations between the CAT and other methods were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was $68.3{\pm}8.6$ years and 95% of patients were male. There was a significant correlation between the CAT score and $FEV_1%$ (r=-0.323, p=0.012), the frequency of acute exacerbation (r=0.292, p=0.024), the MMRC dyspnea scale (r=0.554, p<0.001), the BODE index (r=0.380, p=0.003), and 6 MWD (r=-0.372, p=0.004). The mean CAT score increased according to the GOLD stage (stage 1, $10.7{\pm}4.5$; stage 2, $13.1{\pm}7.9$; stage 3, $16.3{\pm}6.2$; stage 4, $16.5{\pm}14.8$; p=0.746). Conclusion: The CAT was shown to be useful for the assessment of COPD severity. Therefore, the CAT is an easily applied and simple method for assessing COPD severity in an outpatient clinic.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2000

사용후핵연료에 미량 함유되어 있는 요오드를 정량하기 위하여 분리 및 회수를 위한 최적조건을 실험하였다. 사용후핵연료의 용해를 위하여 모의 사용후핵연료를 이용하였으며 용해과정에서 요오드가 휘발되지 않는 혼합산(질산:염산)의 최적 혼합비는 80:20 mol%이었으며 비휘발성 요오드의 생성을 촉진시키기 위하여 오존을 사용하였을 때 요오드의 회수율이 6회 평균 측정값이 9.6% 증가를 나타내었다. 사염화탄소에 의한 요오드 추출과정에서 ${IO_3}^-$를 $I_2$으로 환원시키기 위하여 $NH_2OH{\cdot}HCl$을 사용하였으며 요오드 환원에 적합한 용해용액의 산도는 2.5 M 그리고 $NH_2OH{\cdot}HCl$의 양은 $1.5{\times}10^{-3}mole$ 이상이었다. 분리된 요오드는 이온 크로마토그래피로 정량하였으며 이때 회수율은 $82.8{\pm}4.1%$로서 $^{131}I$를 추적자로 사용하여 보정하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2014

Korea expects a shortage in storage capacity for spent fuels at reactor sites. Therefore, a need for more metal and/or concrete casks for storage systems is anticipated for either the reactor site or away from the reactor for interim storage. For the purpose of interim storage and transportation, a dual purpose metal cask that can load 21 spent fuel assemblies is being developed by Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation (KRMC) in Korea. At first the gamma and neutron flux for the design basis fuel were determined assuming in-core environment (the temperature, pressure, etc. of the moderator, boron, cladding, $UO_2$ pellets) in which the design basis fuel is loaded, as input data. The evaluation simulated burnup up to 45,000 MWD/MTU and decay during ten years of cooling using the SAS2H/OGIGEN-S module of the SCALE5.1 system. The results from the source term evaluation were used as input data for the final shielding evaluation utilizing the MCNP Code, which yielded the effective dose rate. The design of the cask is based on the safety requirements for normal storage conditions under 10 CFR Part 72. A radiation shielding analysis of the metal storage cask optimized for loading 21 design basis fuels was performed for two cases; one for a single cask and the other for a $2{\times}10$ cask array. For the single cask, dose rates at the external surface of the metal cask, 1m and 2m away from the cask surface, were evaluated. For the $2{\times}10$ cask array, dose rates at the center point of the array and at the center of the casks' height were evaluated. The results of the shielding analysis for the single cask show that dose rates were considerably higher at the lower side (from the bottom of the cask to the bottom of the neutron shielding) of the cask, at over 2mSv/hr at the external surface of the cask. However, this is not considered to be a significant issue since additional shielding will be installed at the storage facility. The shielding analysis results for the $2{\times}10$ cask array showed exponential decrease with distance off the sources. The controlled area boundary was calculated to be approximately 280m from the array, with a dose rate of 25mrem/yr. Actual dose rates within the controlled area boundary will be lower than 25mrem/yr, due to the decay of radioactivity of spent fuel in storage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-182
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of lumbar stabilizing exercise on the functional recovery and the range of motion of low back pain patients. The subjects were consisted of sixty patients who had non specific chronic low back pain(32 females. 28 males; mean aged 37.3) from 19 to 65 years of age(mean age : 37.3). All subjects randomly assigned to the lumbar stabilizing exercise group, the modalities treatment group, the manual treatment group. Lumbar stabilizing exercise group received manual treatment with lumbar stabilizing exercise for 30minutes, modalities treatment group received hot pack used thermal therapy for 20minutes and ICT used electrical therapy for 20minutes and US or MWD used deep thermal therapy for 15minutes, manual treatment group received modalities treatment with therapeutic massage for 10minutes and joint mobilization or manipulation for 10minutes per day and three times a week during 4 weeks period. The Multilevel Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(MR-MDQ) was used to measure functional disability level. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level. Remodified Schober test(RST) was used to measure forward flexion range of motion of lumbar segment. Finger-to-Floor test(F-T-FT) was used to measure forward flexion range of motion of full spine of low back pain patients. All measurements of each patients were measured at pre-treatment and 4 week post-treatment. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The MR-MDQ of lumbar stabilizing exercise group, modalities treatment group, and manual treatment group was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 2. The VAS of lumbar stabilizing exercise group, modalities treatment group, and manual treatment group was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 3. The RST of lumbar stabilizing exercise group, modalities treatment group, and manual treatment group was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 4. The F-T-FT of lumbar stabilizing exercise group, modalities treatment group, and manual treatment group was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 5. The results of analyzed effects of MR-MDQ, RST, F-T-FT were significantly reduced (p<.05), but VAS wasn't significantly reduced(p>.05) between treatment type of lumbar stabilizing exercise group and modalities treatment group and manual treatment group according to pre-treatment and post-treatment. 6. The results of LSD post-hoc to find difference between treatment type of lumbar stabilizing exercise group and modalities treatment group and manual treatment group according to pre-treatment and post-treatment that MR-MDQ was significantly reduced stabilizing exercise group than modalities treatment group(p<.05), and VAS wasn't significantly reduced all treatment group(p>.05), and RST was significantly reduced stabilizing exercise group than modalities treatment group(p<.05), and F-T-FT was significantly reduced stabilizing exercise group than modalities treatment group and manual treatment group (p<.05).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 노이즈에 강인한 음악 시작점 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 음악의 시작점 검출은 음악을 이용한 신호처리 시스템에 있어서 일관되지 않은 입력데이터를 통한 계산낭비, 비교검색 등의 문제 해결을 위해 필요한 것이다. 특히 신호처리를 이용한 내용기반 음악검색 시스템에서 시간의 순서로 데이터를 비교하는 시간순차적 검색방법에서는 더욱 필요시 된다. 시간순차적 검색 방법은 시간의 순서로 단순 비교를 수행하기 때문에 검색의 속도가 빠르다는 장점이 있는 반면 비교하는 데이터의 시작 시간이 동일해야 하는 단점이 있다. 하지만 디지털화된 음악은 비트레이트 변환에 의한 시작 시간의 동일함을 보장할 수 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 검색의 전처리 단계에서 음악의 시작점을 검출함으로써 시간순차적 검색 방법을 적용하여 고속의 검색을 수행하면서도 인식률이 낮아지지 않게 하였다. 시작점 검출은 소리를 검출할 수 있는 최소 파형모형을 이용하였으며 노이즈에 강인하기 위하여 묵음에 존재하는 노이즈는 스킵핑을 하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 실험을 통해 시작점 검출을 미적용한 결과보다 약 38% 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였으며 노이즈에 강인함을 검증하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2008

전라북도 고창군 복분자 재배형태별 토성은 비가림하우스 재배지에서는 미사질양토 (silt loam, Si) 74%, 양토 (loam, L) 16%, 식토 (clay, C) 10%로 나타난 반면, 노지 재배지에서는 미사질양토 64%, 양토 35%, 식토 1%로 나타났다. 토양입단의 발달정도는 비가림 하우스 재배지에서는 55.84%, 노지재배지에서는 60.06%를 나타내어 강우가 차단되어 있는 비가림 하우스 재배지 보다 노지재배지가 토양입단화에는 더 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 토양입단의 크기별 가중평균지름 (mean weight diameter, MWD)을 조사한 결과 대립단 (> 2.0 mm)의 경우에는 노지재배지에서 더 높았고, 소립단 (< 0.25 mm)의 경우에는 비가림 하우스 재배지에서 더 높게 나타났다. 비가림 하우스 재배지 토양의 pH는 3.9 ~ 7.4 (평균: 5.5)를 나타내었고, 노지 재배지는 4.1 ~ 8.4 (평균: 5.5)를 나타내어 복분자 재배형태별로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 비가림 하우스 재배지 토양의 전기전도도는 $0.209\sim5.670dS\;m^{-1}$ (평균: 1.619)를 나타내었고, 노지재배지는 $0.265\sim1.056dS\;m^{-1}$ (평균: 1.056)를 나타내어 노지재배에 비해 비가림 하우스 재배지에서 전기전도도가 더 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 비가림 하우스 재배지가 노지 재배지 보다 치환성 마그네슘, 칼슘 그리고 칼리의 함량이 더 높게 나타났다. 토양 중에서 칼슘과 마그네슘 및 칼리의 이상적인 당량비율은 5 : 2: 1인데 (Jung et al., 1998), 본 복분자 재배지 토양에서는 칼리의 비율이 2 ~ 3배 이상 높게 나타났다. 이같은 결과는 칼리 비료의 과다시비에서 비롯된 것으로 추정되는 바 양이온의 이상적인 당량비가 유지될 수 있도록 합리적인 시비가 이루어져야 할 것으로 나타났다. 수용성 음이온의 함량은 평균값으로 질산이온 > 황산이온 > 인산이온 > 염소이온의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 비가림 하우스 재배지가 노지 재배지에 비해 약 2 ~ 3배 이상 수용성 음이온의 함량이 높게 나타났다.