• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

The extracts in n-hexane layer from Lespedezea cuneata G. Don exelled at sexual activity according to in vitro experiment using biopsy of rabbit corpus cavernosum to investigate effects on sexual function. The extracts were injected into 9 samples at $10{\mu}l$. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample C, $4.8{\pm}1.4%$ and the highest relaxation was showed at sample A, $20.2{\pm}6.0%$. The relaxation by every sample, except sample C and G-1, were higher than by $10^{-7}M$ ACh, $7.8{\pm}5.1%$, and their effects were above 10%. Also, the extracts were injected into 9 samples at $15{\mu}l$. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample C, $15.4{\pm}9.7%$ and the highest relaxation was showed at sample J, $54.8{\pm}9.7%$. The relaxation by sample A and D was as much as by $10^{-6}M$ ACh, $28.0{\pm}20.1%$. The relaxation by sample H was $41.9{\pm}7.3%$. The relaxation by sample J was $54.8{\pm}9.7%$ and it was higher than by $10^{-5}M$ ACh, $53.9{\pm}25.9%$. Also, the extracts were injected into 9 samples at $20{\mu}l$. The lowest relaxation was showed at sample E, $28.9{\pm}0.6%$ and it was a little higher than by $10^{-6}M$ ACh. The relaxation by sample G was as much as by $10^{-5}M$ ACh. The two higher relaxation were showed at sample H, $99.4{\pm}16.0%$ and J, $95.7{\pm}7.2%$, and their relaxation against contraction reaction by PhE were near 100%. Experiment by sample I was not performed for lack of sample amount.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

Statement of problem: The previous unilateral bite force recorder has several limitations for taking long time for measuring and causing discomfort to subjects. Because of these reasons, it could not use widely for epidemiological researches. However, 'Dental Prescale System' which is new equipment for measuring bite force, is more convenient for measuring bite force than previous unilateral recorder. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare a new technique(Dental Prescale System) using pressure sensitive foils for recording of maximal jaw closing force with conventional measurement using unilateral bite force recorder Material and method: This studies included 22 healthy dental students in college of dentistry Yonsei university in Rep of Korea. Mean age was 23.9 years. All subjects had continuous dental arches and no significant malocclusion or signs from the teeth and craniomandibular system. The Dental Prescale System (Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan) consists of a horseshoe-shaped pressure sensitive sheet (50H, R type) and a computerized scanning system.(FPD705) We also used unilateral bite force recorder(Denbotics Co. Seoul, Rep.Korea) for comparing with Dental Prescale. Results and conclusion: The total bite force recorded with Dental Prescale System (1423 N) was systematically higher than that recorded by unilateral bite force recorder. (256 N) However, the maximum bite force values measured in the two ways were significantly correlated (r=0.46, p<0.05). The Dental Prescale bite force calculated for first molar (208 N) was lower than that recorded by unilateral bite force recorder. (256 N) The two values were also very significantly correlated. (r=0.66. p<0.001) There were significantly different in bite force between two measurement methods. The reasons were first, unilateral bite force recorder measured only the bite force of a part of teeth, and Dental Prescale measured the total teeth force. Second, in measurement, a difference in muscle contraction appeared by an extent of mouth-opening. Third, unilateral bite force recorder has the reducing effect of the bite force by protective tape. Fourth, Dental Prescale has limitations during the computer scanning procedure. Therefore, Dental Prescale System is considered to be a very promising alternative to be conventional bite force recording methods.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

NUI (Natural User Interface) system interprets the user's natural movement or the signals from human body to the machine. sEMG (surface electromyogram) can be observed when there is any effort in muscle even without actual movement, which is impossible with camera and accelerometer based NUI system. In sEMG based movement recognition system, the minimal number of electrodes is preferred to minimize the inconvenience. We analyzed the decrease in recognition accuracy as decreasing the number of electrodes. For the four kinds of movement intention without movement, extension (up), flexion (down), abduction (right), and adduction (left), the multilayer perceptron classifier was used with the features of RMS (Root Mean Square) from sEMG. The classification accuracy was 91.9% in four channels, 87.0% in three channels, and 78.9% in two channels. To increase the accuracy in two channels of sEMG, RMSs from previous time epoch (50-200 ms) were used in addition. With the RMSs from 150 ms, the accuracy was increased from 78.9% to 83.6%. The decrease in accuracy with minimal number of electrodes could be compensated partly by utilizing more features in previous RMSs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.166-174
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• 2013

QRS detection of ECG is the most popular and easy way to detect cardiac-disease. But it is difficult to analyze the ECG signal because of various noise types. The important problem in recording ECG signal is a baseline wandering, which is occurred by rhythm of respiration and muscle contraction attaching to an electrode. Particularly, in the healthcare system that must continuously monitor people's situation, it is necessary to process ECG signal in realtime. In other words, the design of algorithm that exactly detects QRS region using minimal computation by analyzing the person's physical condition and/or environment is needed. Therefore, baseline wander removing method based on morphological filter for efficient QRS detection method is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we detected QRS through the preprocessing method using morphological filter, adaptive threshold, and window. The signal distortion ratio of the proposed method is compared with other filtering method. Also, R wave detection is evaluated by using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Experiment result show that proposed method removes baseline wanders effectively without significant morphological distortion.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefit of Traditional Korean Medicine as an adjuvant therapy in management of mid-trimester oligohydramnios. Methods: It is a case report of a 31 year-old woman hospitalized for oligohydramnios at $24^{+4/7}$weeks of gestation. This patient diagnosed with special oligohydramnios had no abnormal findings such as fetal urinary abnormalities or other anomalies. Also, symptom of PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membrane) was not confirmed. The decoction, Gami-danggui-san (DG) was prescribed for the purpose of reducing unnecessary contraction of uterine muscle during pregnancy and promoting blood circulation and metabolism, thereby improving placental function and contributing to the increase of the fluid. DG decoction was administered twice a day until 19th of June, which was 10 days in total. During the treatment, level of amniotic fluid had been monitored by measuring AFI (amnioti fluid index). Results: After these conventional therapies, the amount of amniotic fluid increased steadily, and eventually reached the optimal level. AFI was found to be 3.2 on the $24^{+4/7}$ weeks, 8 on the $26^{+1/7}$ weeks, 11.5 on the $27^{+0/7}$ weeks of gestation. In the same periods, EFW (expected fetal weight) was also found to be increasing gradually: 545 g, 630, and 760 g. Conclusions: Our report implies the potential of herbal medicine as a effective therapy for oligohydramnios tratment. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of TKM herbal medicine and reveal the mechanisms of the decoction.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.650-663
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between meat quality attributes and the changes of sarcoplasmic protein acetylation and myofibrillar protein acetylation in lamb longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles at different postmortem phases. Protein acetylation, color, pH, shear force, myofibril fragmentation index and cooking loss were measured. The total level of acetylated sarcoplasmic proteins showed a negative relation with pH, a positive relation with a^*, b^* and cooking loss at the pre-rigor phase. Sarcoplasmic proteins acetylation affected postmortem pH by regulating glycolysis, which in turn affects color and cooking loss. The total level of acetylated myofibrillar proteins showed a positive relation with shear force at the pre-rigor phase. Myofibrillar proteins acetylation affected meat tenderness by regulating muscle contraction. This study indicated that acetylation played a regulatory role of meat color, water-holding capacity, and tenderization process at early postmortem.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

In this study, a systematic review was conducted to analyze the method of applying sEMG to evaluate the swallowing function of the elderly at each stage of swallowing, and to help objectively measure the swallowing stage of the older adults in clinical practice. From 2011 to 2021, 7 studies that met the selection criteria were selected using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS). As a result of this study, the older adults and adults were divided into an experimental group and a control group and the swallowing phase was analyzed using sEMG only for the older adults. sEMG was used to evaluate swallowing in the oral and pharyngeal stages, and the sEMG attachment site was attached to the swallowing muscle involved in each stage. The collected sEMG data were filtered using a bandpass-filter and a notch-filter, and were analyzed using RMS, amplitude, and maximum spontaneous contraction. In this study, it was found that sEMG can be used as a tool to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the swallowing function in stages. Therefore, it is expected that this study will activate various studies that incorporate sEMG to evaluate the swallowing function in stages.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.887-893
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• 2003

External stimuli increases intracellular (IC) $Ca^{2+}$, which increases extracellular (EC) $K^{+}$. To verify $K^{+}$ effects on the vascular contraction, we performed an experiment using mouse aortic endothelial cell. Meterial and Method: We examined the mouse aortic contractility changes as we measured the IC $Ca^{2+}$ change and ionic current by using the voltage clamp technique under different conditions such as: increasing EC $K^{+}$, removing endothelial cell, giving L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) which suppress nitric oxide formation, Ouabain which control N $a^{+}$ - $K^{+}$ pump and N $i^{2+}$ which repress N $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchanger Result: When we increased EC $K^{+}$ from 6 to 12 mM, there was no change in aortic contractility. Aorta contracted with more than 12 mM of EC $K^{+}$. Ace-tylcholine (ACh) induced relaxation was inhibited with EC $K^{+}$ from 6 to 12 mM, but was not found after de-endothelialization or L-NAME treatment. ATP or ACh increased IC $Ca^{2+}$ in cultured endothelium. After maximal increase of IC $Ca^{2+}$, increasing EC $K^{+}$ from 6 to 12 mM made IC $Ca^{2+}$ decrease and re-decreasing EC $K^{+}$ to 6 mM made IC $Ca^{2+}$ increase. Ouabain and N $i^{2+}$ masked the inhibitory effect of endothelium dependent relaxation by increased EC $K^{+}$. Conclusion: These data indicate that increase in EC $K^{+}$ relaxes vascular smooth muscle and reduces $Ca^{2+}$ in the endothelial cells which inhibit endothelium dependent relaxation. This inhibitory mechanism may be due to the activation of N $a^{+}$- $K^{+}$ pump and N $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchanger. $a^{+}$-C $a^{2+}$ exchanger.r.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1983

$PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ are known to act similarly in a number of animal tissues. They both facilitate regression of corpus luteum(Poyser, 1972; Fuch et al, 1974; Coudert et at, 1974) and stimulate contraction of uterine muscle (Laudanski et al, 1977; Porter et al, 1979; Hollingsworth et al, 1980). It is, however, not known whether these two prostaglandins exert similar actions in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes (Rasmussen et al, 1975) and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ alters conformation of membrane proteins (Meyers aud Swislocki, 1974). The former effect may not be mediated through changes in c- AMP concentration in the cell, since the adenylate cyclase activity in human erythrocyte is extremely low (Rodan et al, 1976; Sutherland et al, 1962) and the latter effect implies that physical state (or fluidity) of the membrane is altered by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. The present study was undertaken to elucidate mechanisms of action of $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ on the human erythocyte membrane by examining their effects on osmotic fragility and $Ca^{++}$ binding to the membrane fragments. The results are summarized as follows: 1) $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased osmotic fragility at concentrations above $10^{11}\;M$, the effect being similar for both hormones. The concentration of NaCl for 100% hemolysis was $1/16{\sim}1/17\;M$ in the presence of $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and 1/18 M in the absence of the hormone (control). 2) When erythrocytes were suspended in 1/15 M NaCl solution, $44.2{\pm}4.3%$ of cells were hemolyzed. Addition of $10^{12}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ did not increase hemolysis. When the concentration of the hormones was increased to $10^{11}\;M$, however the degree of hemolysis increased markealy to about 80%. No further increase in hemolysis was observed at concentration of the hormones above $10^{11}\;M$. 3) The additional hemolysis due to $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ appeared to he identical regardless of absence or presence of $Ca^{++}\;(0.5{\sim}10\;mM)$ in the suspending medium. 4) In the absence of prostaglandin, the binding of $Ca^{++}$ to the erythrocyte membrane increased curvilinearly as the $Ca^{++}$ concentration increased up to 5 mM above which it leveled off. A similar dependence of $Ca^{++}$ binding on the $Ca^{++}$ concentration was observed in the presence of $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, however, the amount of $Ca^{++}$ bound at a given $Ca^{++}$ concentration was significantly higher than in the absence of the hormones. 5) As in the hemolysis, $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ did not affect the $Ca^{++}$ binding at a concentration of $10^{12}\;M$, but increased it by about 100% at concentration above $10^{11}\;M$. These result indicate that both tile osmotic fragility of erythrocyte and the $Ca^{++}$ binding to the erythrocyte membrane are similarly enhanced by $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, but these two effects are not causally related. It is, therefore, concluded that the prostaglandin-induced hemolysis is not directly associated with alterations of the $Ca^{++}$ content in the membrane.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1975

From the study of movements of $Ca^{++}$ in frog cardiac muscle, Niedergerke (1963) postulated that $Ca^{++}$ necessary for the cardiac contraction is stored in a specific pool. Langer et al (1967) and DeCaro (1967) also found a close relationship between the change of $Ca^{++}$ flux kinetics and the change of contractile force. According to the studies of several investigators, Ca II (Bailey and Dressel 1968) or phase I and II (Langer 1965, Langer et al 1967, 1971) in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curve was associated with cardiac contractility. This investigation was aimed to elucidate the anatomical region of the contractile active $Ca^{++}$ pool. At the same time, it was assumed in this study that $Ca^{++}$ in the sarcoplasmic reticulumn represents one of the major intracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool and cardiac contractility was also dependent on the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. Consequently, this experiment was performed at different temperatures to activate to activate inhibit the deactivating process of activated $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space to see if changes in the contractility decay curve existed at different temperatures. The isolated hearts of rabbits and turtles (Amyda maackii) were attached to the perfusion apparatus according to the method employed by Bailey and Dressel (1968). The isolated hearts were initally perfused with a full Ringer solution containing 2 mg/ml of inulin for 1 hr, and then $Ca^{++}$ and inulin-free Ringer solution was perfused while the isometric tension was recorded and a serial sample of perfusion fluid dripping from the cardiac apex was collected for 10 sec throughout experimental period. The above procedure was performed at $23^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$ on the rabbit heart and $10{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ on the turtle heart. After determination of $Ca^{++}$ and inulin concentration of the samples, the $Ca^{++}$, inulin washout curve and the contractile tensin decay curve were analysed according to the method of Riggs (1963). The results were summarized as follows; 1. In the rabbit heart, there are 2 inulin compartments, 3 $Ca^{++}$ compartments and sing1e exponential decay of contractile tension. In the turtle heart, there are $1{\sim}2$ inulin compartments, $1{\sim}2$ $Ca^{++}$ compartments and $1{\sim}2$ phases of contractile tension decay. The fact that the inulin space was divided into 3 compartments in the washout curve in these hearts indicates the presence of heterogeneity in cardiac perfusion, i.e., overfused and underperfused area. 2. Ca I a9d Ca II in these hearts were found to have $Ca^{++}$ in the ECF compartments because their half times in the washout curves were far smaller than those of the inulin washout curves in the rabbit heart and similar to those of the inulin washout curves in the turtle heart. Ca III in the rabbit heart may have originated from the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ store. But no Ca III in the turtle heart was found. This may be due to the fact that the iutracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool in the turtle heart was too small to detect using this experimental procedure since sarcoplasmic reticulumn in the turtle heart is poorly developed. 3. In the rabbit heart, there were no chages in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin I and inulin II at different temperatures, but the half time of Ca III was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures, and the half time of the contractile tension decay tended to be prolonged at lower temperatures but this was not significant. In the turtle heart, there were no changes in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin 1, inulin II and phase I of the contractile tension decay at different temperatures, but the half time of phase II of the contractile tension decay was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures. This finding indicates that intracellu!ar $Ca^{++}$ in these hearts was also responsible particulary for maintaining the cardiac contractility at the lower temperatures. 4. The half times of contractile tension decay were shorter than those of Ca II in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curves in both animal hearts. According to the above results it was shown that $Ca^{++}$ in ECF is primarily and $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space is partially associated with the cardic contractility.