• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This Study compared the level of activation of the muscles around the shoulder at the time of abduction through Pilates breathing and regular breathing by using quantified biofeedback. METHODS: Experiment was conducted on 25 healthy males and females in the age bracket of 20's~30's as the subjects. The level of activation of muscles displayed at the time of Pilates breathing were measured at intercostal (InC) muscle, transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle, internal oblique (IO) muscle and external oblique (EO) muscle by using surface electromyogram (EMG) and were provided as biofeedback. Moreover, the changes in the level of muscular activation at sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, upper trapezius (UT) muscle and Deltoid (Del) muscle, which are the muscles around the shoulder, at the time of abduction of shoulder during Pilates breathing and regular breathing were measured. RESULTS: When abduction of shoulder is executed through Pilates breathing, the level of muscular activation of UT muscle was $11.56{\pm}7.10%$ at the time of exhaling of Pilates breathing and $17.54{\pm}9.57%$ at the time of exhaling of regular breathing. Del muscle also displayed lowered level of muscular activation at the time of Pilates breathing with $12.88{\pm}5.80%$ during inhaling and $15.14{\pm}5.49%$ during exhaling. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results could be interpreted as indicating that the muscle activities of upper trapezius and deltoid muscle were decreased based on Pilates breathing more than those on regular breathing.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between trunk stabilization muscle activation and the parameters of gait analysis in healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (15 male, 15 female) with no history of lower back pain (LBP) or current musculoskeletal and neurological injuries were studied. Trunk stabilization muscle activation (e.g., external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, erector spinae) were assessed using surface electromyography. To analyze gait, we measured temporal parameters (e.g., gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase) and a spatial parameter (e.g., H-H base of support). Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and erector spinae muscle activity and gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase. No statistically significant correlation was found between the external oblique muscle activity and the gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase. No statistically significant correlation was found between the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and erector spinae muscle activity and the spatial parameter. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a relationship exists between trunk stabilization muscle activation and temporal parameter (i.e., gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase) during gait analysis. Therefore, the trunk's stabilizer muscles play an important role in the gait of healthy individuals.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of abdominal muscle activation during unilateral leg raising in supine position among three hip abduction angles($0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$). Methods : Twenty eight able-body volunteers who had no medical history of low back and hip joint were recruited for this study. Abdominal muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG from both sides of the rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique muscle during leg raising in each position. Results : The muscle activations induced under the three different positions were compared and results showed that there was significant difference only in the right external oblique muscle activation. Conclusion : This study suggest that leg raising of different hip abduction angles without trunk control has little influence on abdominal muscle co-activation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of warm-up and cool-down exercises on pain and muscle activation of delayed onset muscle soreness after intense exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness was caused by the eccentric exercise in the elbow flexor muscle of the non-dominant upper limb. Forty-four subjects volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: warm-up and cool-down group, only warm-up group, only cool-down group, or control group with no intervention. The level of perceived pain using the visual analogue scale and electromyographic activation change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were measured 4 times at the following times: 10 min, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr after the exercise. The results revealed the main effect between the groups and interaction effect between the group and measurement session (p<.05). The warm-up and cool-down group showed most favorable results with respect to reduced perceived pain level and increased muscle strength in most measurement sessions, and the only warm-up group showed significantly more decreased pain level than the control group at 24 hr and 48 hr and more increased muscle activation than the cool-down group at 48 hr (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in pain level and muscle activation between the only cool-down group and control group at all measurement sessions (p>.05). The findings suggest that the warm-up exercise performed before an intense exercise had beneficial effects on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness, whereas cool-down exercise performed after the intense exercise did not.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the isolated activation ratio of the quadriceps femoris muscle on different support surfaces during squat exercise. Methods: Twenty participants (10 males and 10 females) voluntarily agreed to participate in the research after receiving an explanation about the purpose and process of the study. Each participant performed squat exercises on three different support surfaces (a flat surface, a form roller, and an unstable surface). Muscle activities of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) were measured by electromyography. The isolated activation ratio of the quadriceps femoris muscle was calculated using the %isolation formula. Results: For the squat exercise, the %isolation value of the VM was significantly higher on the unstable surface than on the flat surface and form roller. In contrast, the %isolation values for the RF for the squat exercise were significantly higher on the flat surface and form roller than on the unstable surface. There was no significant differences in the %isolation values of the VL on the three different surfaces. Conclusion: The findings indicate that squat exercise on different surfaces results in differential activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which suggests that squat exercise on a multi-directional unstable surface could increase the isolated activation ratio of the VM.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.70-70
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• 1993

발성시 기본주파수의 조절은 윤상갑상근과 갑상피열근의 적절한 수축 작용에 의한다는 사실은 잘 알려져 있다. 윤상갑상근의 기능은 자세히 알려져 있는데 반하여, 갑상피열근의 기능은 현재까지 생체 발성 모형이 개발되지 않아 자세한 내용을 알 수 없었기에, 저자들은 갑상피열근 기능 검사를 위한 생체 발성 모형을 고안하였다. 개의 갑상연골에 창문을 만들어서, 반회신경의 마지막 분지인 갑상피열 분지를 확인, 절단하고 전극으로 자극하도록 하였다. 유발된 음성에 대한 갑상피열근 수축의 효과는 성역의 결정에 중요한 결정 요소로 작용되며, 가성 (falsetto) 영역에서 갑상피열근의 수축은 기본주파수 하강을 초래하고, 지성 (modal) 영역에서는 반대로 기본주파수가 상승되었다. 한편, 갑상피열근의 자극에 따라 성문하압은 증가되고 성문개대율 (OQ) 은 감소되었다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2016

Objective: Chronic lateral epicondylitis is a condition which becomes sore and tender on the lateral side of the elbow joint damaged from overuse and repetitive use of the extensor muscles of the forearm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexion degrees in the elbow joint on extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and biceps brachii muscles in individuals with healthy young adults. The main purpose of this study was to suggest the feasibility of optimal elbow angle during therapeutic eccentric exercise with resistance for strengthening of wrist extensors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty health young adults (male 15, female 15) participated in this study. This study measured muscle activation in four different conditions of elbow flexion, $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ during eccentric exercise with weight loading in wrist extensors, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and biceps brachii muscles using surface electromyography. Results: The muscle activation of extensor carpi radialis showed a negative relationship with the degrees of elbow joint flexion. With increasing elbow flexion angles, the ECRL muscle activation amount was significantly lower (p<0.05). In contrast, the muscle activation of the ECRB muscle activation amount was significanlty higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the eccentric exercise of wrist extension with selected activation of wrist extensor muscles according to elbow flexion positions, and suggests that the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis will need to be strengthened for preventing and treating chronic lateral epicondylitis regardless of degrees of elbow joint flexion.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.535-547
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• 2000

Recent findings indicate that mechanical strain (deformation) exerted by the extracellular matrix modulates activation of airway smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, cytoskeletal organization in airway smooth muscle appears to be dynamic, and subject to modulation by receptor activation and mechanical strain. Mechanosensitive modulation of crossbridge activation and cytoskeletal organization may represent intracellular feedback mechanisms that limit the shortening of airway smooth muscle during bronchoconstriction. Recent findings suggest that receptor-mediated signal transduction is the primary target of mechanosensitive modulation. Mechanical strain appears to regulate the number of functional G-proteins and/or phospholipase C enzymes in the cell membrane possibly by membrane trafficking and/or protein translocation. Dense plaques, membrane structures analogous to focal adhesions, appear to be the primary target of cytoskeletal regulation. Mechanical strain and receptor-binding appear to regulate the assembly and phosphorylation of dense plaque proteins in airway smooth muscle cells. Understanding these mechanisms may reveal new pharmacological targets for control1ing airway resistance in airway diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2016

Purpose: This study focuses on influence of ankle stabilization training on balance ability and lower limb muscle activation of soccer player with functional ankle instability. Methods: Subjects were grouped into ankle stabilization training group using biofeedback comprised of 15 subjects and general exercise group of 15. The training was conducted for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 8 weeks in total. All 30 football players conducted plyometric training for 30 minutes before main training. To evaluate balance ability, biorescure was used to measure whole path length and surface area and surface electromyography (EMG) system was used to measure tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and soleus to evaluate lower limb muscle activation. Results: The experiment group showed significant difference to the comparison group in regard of whole path length and surface area which represents balancing capability and muscle activation of tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and soleus. Conclusion: Therefore, ankle stabilization training using biofeedback is more effective in enhancing balance ability and lower limb muscle activation than general exercise.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of study is activation of lumbar multifidus muscle by needle EMG during shoulder flexion in chronic low back pain patients. The subject were consisted of 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymtomatic subject 10 women. Methods : 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women is voluntary participated for the research. Subjects were positioned in standing. The needle EMG were measured activation of multifidus. Needle electrode was used to 28 gauge. The shoulder flexion movement used to activate the multifidus was then measured. Results : Results of the analysis showed that asymptomatic subjects had significantly larger multifidus muscle activation compared with CLBP subjects during shoulder flexion. Conclusion : This study will be used as multifidus measurement method of patient with chronic LBP. The multifidus muscle in chronic LBP patient clinical significance. Most of chronic LBP patients have multifidus contraction pattern. Therefore chronic LBP patients necessary multifidus activation measurement with needle EMG.