• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of insurance herbal medicines on colonic interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in mice. Methods : Among the insurance herbal medicines, we chose Gamisoyo-san (GSS), Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) and Bojungikki-tang (BGIKT). We made the ICC culture in large intestine in mice and used the electrophysiological method to record pacemaker potentials. Also we used MTT assay to check cell viability and examined the ICC protein expression by western blot. Results : 1. GSS (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 2.99 mg/ml. BHSST (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 2.76 mg/ml. BGIKT (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 4.49 mg/ml. 2. GSS, BHSST and BGIKT had no effects on cell viability in colonic ICC. 3. GSS and BGIKT increased the Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) protein expression and BHSST increased the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) protein expression in colonic ICC. Conclusions : These results suggest that GSS, BHSST, and BGIKT have shown the potential to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility by regulating colonic ICC and may show the potential to treat colon-derived GI diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.166-173
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• 2018

Objectives : Woogakseungmatang is a prescription medication mainly used to treat facial paralysis in Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Woogakseungmatang on anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Methods : Woogakseungmatang was extracted using hot water. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) method; nitric oxide(NO) production and Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in RAW cells treated with Woogakseungmatang were investigated; and the cytokine changes associated with inflammation were examined. The antioxidant capacity of Woogakseungmatang was measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results : RAW cells treated with Woogakseungmatang showed 90% cell viability at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. NO production was decreased by 15% at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. $PGE_2$ production was decreased by 18% at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Interleukin $1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin 6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were significantly reduced at $100{\mu}g/ml$ compared with those in the control group. The DPPH free radical scavenging capability was more than 50% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions : Woogakseungmatang showed only a slight anti - inflammatory effect at $100{\mu}g/ml$ and it was difficult to confirm the concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, this study means to confirm the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Woogakseungmatang. Based on this research, more systematic and diverse studies should be conducted.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 2000

The accuracy and reliability of the target tracking is very critical issue in the design of automotive collision warning radar A significant problem in multi-target tracking (MTT) is the target-to-measurement data association If an incorrect measurement is associated with a target, the target could diverge the track and be prematurely terminated or cause other targets to also diverge the track. Most methods for target-to-measurement data association tend to coalesce neighboring targets Therefore, many algorithms have been developed to solve this data association problem. In this paper, a new multi-target data association method based on order statistics is described The new approaches. called the order statistics probabilistic data association (OSPDA) and the order statistics joint probabilistic data association (OSJPDA), are formulated using the association probabilities of the probabilistic data association (PDA) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filters, respectively Using the decision logic. an optimal or near optimal target-to-measurement data association is made A computer simulation of the proposed method in a heavy cluttered condition is given, including a comparison With the nearest-neighbor CNN). the PDA, and the JPDA filters, Simulation results show that the performances of the OSPDA filter and the OSJPDA filter are superior to those of the PDA filter and the JPDA filter in terms of tracking accuracy about 18% and 19%, respectively In addition, the proposed method is implemented using a developed digital signal processing (DSP) board which can be interfaced with the engine control unit (ECU) of car engine and with the d?xer through the controller area network (CAN)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

Objectives : In recent years, many studies have been widely researching anti-inflammation effect of various medicinal plants. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was not enough in researching of the anti-inflammation. Moreover, there is no comparative study about extraction methods. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction on Nitric oxide(NO), Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production, Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2, inducible NOS(iNOS) expression and extracellular signal regulate kinase(ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. Methods : $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was extracted by EtOH and Hot water. RAW 264.7 macrophage cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture on NO and PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages was accessed by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunospecific assay(ELISA), respectively. Inhibition effect on COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was examined by Immunoblotting assay. Results : 1. Cytotoxic effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by Hot water extraction in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not appeared, except $3125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. And cytotoxic effect was not appeared in EtOH extraction method. 2. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 4. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited COX-2, iNOS expression in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that COX-2, iNOS expression were effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. 5. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. Conclusions : According to the results, $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture suppresses NO, PGE2 production, COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. It has a potential for treating various inflammatory diseases, and Hot water extraction method could be used more extensively than EtOH extraction method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1693-1697
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• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.84-95
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• 2001

Titanium is widely used in dentistry for its low density, high strength, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. But it has a tendency of surface damage under circumstance of friction and impact for its low hardness of the surface. Coating is one of methods fir increasing surface hardness. Its effect is to improve surface physical characteristics without change of titanium. Diamond-like carbon and titanium nitride are known for its high hardness of the surface. So that this study was aimed at the wear test and the cytotoxicity test of the commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy which were deposited by diamond-like carbon film or titanium nitride film to acertain improvement of the surface hardness and the biocompatibility. A disk (25mm diameter, 2mm thickness) was made of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy and these substrates were deposited by diamond-like carbon film or titanium nitride film. Diamond-like carbon film was deposited by the method of radiofrequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition and titanium nitride film was deposited by the method of reactive arc ion plating. Then these substrates were tested about wear characteristics by the pin-on-disk type wear tester in which ruby ball was used as a wear causer under the load of 32N, The fracture cycles were measured by rotating the substrates until their films were fractured. The wear volume was measured after 150 cycles and 3,000 cycles using surface profiler. The cytotoxicity test was peformed by the method of the MTT assay. The results were as follows : 1. In the results of the wear volume test, commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy which were coated by diamond-like carbon film or titanium nitride aim had higher resistance against wear than the substrates which were not coated by any films (P<0.05). 2. In the results of the fracture cycle test and the wear volume test, diamond-like carbon film had higher resistance against wear than titanium nitride film (P<0.05). 3. In both coatings of diamond-like carbon aim and titanium nitride film, Ti-6Al-4V alloy had higher resistance against wear than commercially pure titanium (P<0.05) 4. In the results of the cytotoxicity test, diamond-like carbon film and titanium nitride film had little cytotoxicity as like commercially pure titanium or Ti-6Al-4V alloy (P>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

Objectives : Fire needling has been applied as the treatment for various diseases and been getting much attention from Oriental medicine due to its excellent effectiveness as the results of clinical studies have reported. However, the research findings on the safety of treatment method, materials for the Fire needling needle materials and the possibility of burn injury during the procedure are still insufficient. Methods : A thermo imaging camera was used to confirm the temperature distribution on acupuncture needle and the treatment area during the fire needling therapy. Then the degree of thermal injury was observed by H&E stain and TUNEL assay. In addition, in order to assess the safety of acupuncture materials, we conducted MTT assay using a L6 cell line. Results : The average temperature of the skin surface was observed at $47{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ after classic fire needling and $30^{\circ}C$ after warming fire needling. Warming fire needling therapy does not induce a burn on the tissue and a third degree burn was observed locally in the muscle and skin layers after classic fire needling treatment. This confirms that hwa-acupuncture therapies do not cause major burns. According to the safety assessment test result, no cytotoxicity was detected in the warming fire needling materials. This confirms the safety of the acupuncture materials Conclusions : Various research results on the biological safety of fire needling. Since fire needling therapy induces a burn locally without leaving any scar, and as other results indicate, it is considered a safe treatment method.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.478-486
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• 1995

Periodontal therapy for treatment of periodontitis involves the elimination of bacterial plaque and elimination of the anatomic defects by regenerative procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the biological effect of magnolia and Ginkgo biloba extract to the antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and cellular activity. Antimicrobial assay was performed with the diffusion method of the extract by measuring of growth inhibitory zone of B. cereus from blood agar plate. Effect of the extract to cellular activity of gingival fibroblast were examined using MTT method and measured the result with optical density on 570nm by ELISA reader. Inhibitory effects of $PGE_2$ production from gingival fibroblast was performed with the addition of $IL-l{\beta}$ and the extract to the well and examined to the product of $PGE_2$ from cell by ELISA reader. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect was performed with injection examined with clinically and histologically for their extent of mecrosis and inflammation. Antimicrobial activity of Magnolia extract showed significantly higher activity than that of control. However, GBE did not showed significant activity to compare with control, and mixture of Magnolia and GBE extract showed significantly higher activity than that of control. The effect of cellular activity to gingival fibroblast showed no significant differences of between control and Magnolia extract. However, GBE showed significantly higher rate of cellular activity to compare with control and even to PDGF-BB, and also showed same degree of cellular activity even though mixed with Magnolia extract. The inhibitory effect of $PGE_2$ production showed significantly reduction of $PGE_2$ production to compare with control, but its inhibitory effect was not much strong to compare with Indomethacin. In vivo, antiinflammatory effect of Magnolia extract to P. gingivalis injection of Hamster buccal check showed significantly reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue necrosis, but GBE showed no effect on the inhibition of inflammatory process. These results suggested that Magnolia and GBE extract possessed different kind of biological activity and also can be compensated on their activity with each other for elimination of bacterial plaque and anatonical defect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of stems and leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (ES) from Gangwon-do. Methods and Results : Stems and leaves of ES were collected from two areas in Gangwon-do: Cheorwon-gun and Samcheok-si. Samples were extracted with water by using the pressurized liquid extraction method and with 70% prethanol A by using the heat reflux extraction method. The anti-inflammatory effects of ES were evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) assay, nitric oxide(NO) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and Western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 1) Results showed that ES leaf extractions were not cytotoxic at a concentration of up to 30 ㎍/㎖. The leaves of 70% prethanol A extractions of ES(30 ㎍/㎖) inhibited NO, interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) production and decreased the protein level of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2). There was no significant change in the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). The stem extractions of ES did not exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : In this study, the leaves of 70% prethanol A extractions of ES demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% prethanol A extractions have a relatively higher anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages than water extractions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2009

Background: Tracheal reconstruction after extended tracheal resection still remains as a major surgical challenge because good clinical outcomes are usually correlated with limited tracheal resection. Recent investigations with a using cryopreserved trachea for the reconstruction of a trachea have been carried out to overcome this problem. In this study, we analyzed viability of tracheas, which is an important determining factor for the success of transplanting a cryopreserved trachea and the development of post-transplantation tracheal stenosis, according to three different experimental factors: 1) the warm-ischemic time, 2) the cryopreservation solution and 3) the preserving temperature, to determine a better cryopreservation protocol and a better composition of the cryopreservation solution. Material and Method: Rats tracheas were harvested for different warm-ischemic times (0 hr, 12 hrs, 24 hrs). The tracheas were treated with recombinant insulin growth factor-1 (IGF) and they were stored at three different temperatures $(4^{\circ}C,\;-80^{\circ}C,\;-196^{\circ}C)$ for two weeks. After two weeks, we thawed the stored trachea and isolated the cells of the tracheas with using type II collagenase. We cultured the cells for seven days and then we compared the cellular viability by the MTT reduction assay. Result: Though cryopreservation is required to preserve a trachea for a longer time period, the viability of the tracheas stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ and $-196^{\circ}C$ was significantly reduced compared to that of the tracheas stored at $4^{\circ}C$. The viability of the tracheas with warm-ischemic times of 12 hrs and 24 hrs was also reduced in comparison to the tracheas with a warm-ischemic time of 0 hrs. Our data showed that the warm ischemic time and the parameters of crypreservation negatively affect on trachea viability. However, a cryopresrvation solution containing IGF-1 improved the cellular viability better than the existing cryopreservation solution. For the warm ischemic time group of a 0 hr, the addition of IGF-1 improved the viability of trachea at all the preserving temperatures. Conclusion: These experiments demonstrate that the viability of cryopreserved trachea can improved by modifying the components of the crypreservation solution with the addition of IGF-1 and reducing the warm-ischemic time.