• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The total amount of fluidized bed incinerator ash, i.e. incombustion materials generated from the municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) in Korea was approximately 14,000 tons in 2006. Most of the ash after ferrous metal separation is finally discard to the landfill sites. In the present work, possibility for recycling of the ash is studied to utilize the ash as raw materials for ceramic products. Incombustion materials obtained from the two different incinerators were used to recover the raw materials by applying the magnetic separation and screening process to remove metallic particles. The raw materials show relatively low heavy metals content obtained from the KSLP leaching tests. The ceramic products were prepared by mixing the clay with the various amounts of the raw material. The physical properties, i.e. shrinkage rate, absorbancy and compressive strength of the ceramic products sintered at $1,000^{\circ}C$ and $1,050^{\circ}C$, respectively were improved by increasing the addition amounts of the incinerator ash. Based on the leaching tests the ceramic products also be satisfied with the standard limits on the leachability of heavy metals because most of the metallic materials are effectively removed from the incombustion materials by appling the separation processes.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.296-300
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• 2001

In order to recycle the incineration ash (bottom ash and fly ash) generated from the incineration of municipal waste for a cement material, salts as well as heavy metal should be removed by the stabilization treatment. Most of these heavy metal and over 80% of salts are removed by a washing as a pre-treatment. However, wastewater which is another pollutant is generated by a washing, then proper treatment should be developed. First the characteristics of incineration ashes collected from two domestic full-sized incinerators were investigated and removal rate of salts and heavy metals from them also studied. The wastewater quality was compared to the criteria of the regulation by analyzing the characteristics of generated wastewater during the washing of incineration ash as a condition of liquid/solid ratio. Also, we tried to used this experimental results for the basic data to develop proper processing technique of municipal waste.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.1 s.88
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to evaluate the emission characteristics of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from medium size municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs) in Korea. The concentrations of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium emitted from medium size MSWI stack were $2.67\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.38\;mg/Sm^3,\;1.33\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.28\;{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. The concentration levels of mercury, lead, arsenic in flue gas from medium size MSW incinerator stacks selected were nearly detected under the Korea criteria level. Removal efficiencies of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium in waste heat boiler(WHE) and cooling tower(CT) were $90.36\%,\;69.76\%,\;43.04\%,\;40.64\%$, respectively. In general, the removal efficiencies of mercury and lead in WHE were higher than those of arsenic and selenium in WHE. Emission gas temperature reduction from waste heat boiler(WHB) and cooling tower(CT) can control mercury and lead of medium size MSWIs. To evaluate the relationship between mercury, lead, arsenic, selenium of fly ash and those of flue gas, it was carried out to correlation analysis of each metal concentration in the fly ash and in the flue gas from medium size MSWIs. From the correlation analysis, the coefficients of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium were 0.61, -0.38, 0.87, 0.28, respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that it should be highly positive to the correlation coefficients of mercury and arsenic in the fly ash and those of the flue gas emitted from medium size MSWIs. As it were, the concentrations of mercury and arsenic of flue gas from medium size MSWIs are high unless mercury and arsenic in fly ash are properly controlled in dust collection step in medium size MSWIs. It was also concluded that mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from MSWIs stacks could be controlled by waste heat boiler(WHE) and dust collecting step in medium size MSWIs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.305-306
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• 2008

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate the behaviors of synthesis of Calcium Chloroaluminte($11CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3{\cdot}CaCl_2$) under the melting temperature of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash(MSWI fly ash); $900^{\circ}C-1300^{\circ}C$ of sintering temperature. A sludge generated from a water purification plant (SW) was also used to fill up $Al_2O_3$ source, which might be deficient in MSWI fly ash. MF and SW were mixed at mixing ratio of 10 to 7, which is the mole ratio of CaO to $Al_2O_3$ of calcium Chloroaluminte. Mixed samples were sintered in the opened sintering reactor and the closed sintering reactor, respectively. The results showed that calcium chloroaluminte was formed at $1,000^{\circ}C$ in both reactors, but the temperature of decomposition of calcium chloroaluminte depended upon sintering reactor type; an opened sintering reactor and a closed sintering reactor, owing to the vaporization velocity of Cl.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2009

With the advance of industrialization and urbanization, a lot of waste has been discharged and treated by incineration. But fly and bottom ashes are generated in this process. In addition, the treatment method to recycle sewage sludge and melting slag is required to manage these wastes. The objective of this research was to prepare of multi-functional brick which were made from MSWI (Municipal solid wastes incinerator) fly ash, sewage sludge and slag. The bricks were made by mixing raw materials and then drying for 24 hours. Next, they were dried for 24 hours at $160^{\circ}C$ and fired for 2 hours. Calcination temperature was changed to discuss the effect of temperature from $1,080^{\circ}C$ to $1,130^{\circ}C$. Compressive strength of a brick was creased with the increase of temperature. To increase mixing ratio of fly ash and slag reduce the compressive strength the optimal condition was the mixing ratio of fly ash : melting slag : sewage sludge : clay as 10 : 20 : 5 : 65 and $1,150^{\circ}C$ of calcination temperature. Compressive strength was obtained as about 41 MPa at this condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.674-677
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기존 매립이나 지반보강재로 사용되던 소각재 용융슬래그를 고부가가치 수처리 여재로 활용하기 위하여 형광성 박테리아를 통한 Microtox 생물검정법으로 독성을 평가하였다. 소각재 용융슬래그의 독성평가 대조군으로는 기존의 수처리 여재인 입상활성탄(석탄계/야자계/목탄계), PP PE펠렛(Poly-Propylene Poly-Ethylene pallet), 표준여과사를 비교하였으며, 시료의 용출시험은 US EPA에서 제안한 TCLP 방법을 사용하였다. Microtox Acute Toxicity 평가 결과, 독성순위는 석탄계 입상 활성탄, 소각재 용융슬래그, 목탄계 입상활성탄, 야자계 입상활성탄, 표준여과사, PP PE 순으로 나타났으며, 실험에 사용된 모든 수처리 여재들은 급성독성을 고려하지 않는 무독성으로 나타났다. 따라서 소각재 용융슬래그가 수처리를 목적으로 수체에 편입시켜도 기존의 수처리 여재들과 비교할 때 수환경에 미치는 영향은 미미할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.265-266
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• 2002

휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Oraganic Compounds: VOCs)은 오존 등의 광화학 스모그 생성의 원인물질일 뿐만 아니라 발암성의 유해물질, 지구온난화, 대기중의 악취물질 등으로 환경 및 건강에 악영향을 초래한다. 최근 들어 VOCs에 대한 대기중 배출규제가 강화됨에 따라 이를 효과적으로 제거 또는 회수하는 연구가 매우 중요시되고 있으며, 활성탄을 이용한 흡착은 이러한 기체상의 VOCs 분자를 고체 흡착제에 약한 분자력의 인력에 의해 접촉시켜 분리하는 공정으로 회수율 및 에너지 절약의 관점에서 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. (중략)

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2004

The intension of this study is to produce ordinary portland cement using ash, both bottom ash and fly ash, obtained from municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI). We used limestone, waste molding sand, shale, slag from converting furnaces and fly ash as main raw materials and mixed them, setting the lime saturation factor (LSF) within 91.0, the silica modulus (SM) within 2.40, and iron modulus (IM) within 1.80. We conducted tests adding bottom ash alone 1, 2 and 3％ by weight, respectively, and a mixture of bottom ash 0.9％ and fly ash 0.1 ％ by weight. The result of analysis on clinker shows that the more ash is added, the lower the burnability index (B.I.) falls, lowering the mineral evolution of calcium silicate accordingly. From the measurement of compressive strength we have learned that the more ash is used, the lower the strength becomes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1357-1364
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• 2000

Our study was performed to evaluate the effect of leaching parameters including the physicochemical characteristics and the fractionated composition of heavy metals on the release of heavy metals in fly ash discharged from MSWI. Leaching parameters such as pH, CEC, particle size, and exchangeable fraction among the fractional composition classified by sequential extraction procedure are considered. The leaching rate of heavy metal released by KSLT method is largely dependent on the pH of fly ash. The effect of pH on the release of heavy metals is different from elements. It appears that the leaching rate of cadmium and copper decreases with increasing pH, while lead and zinc increases at the condition of neutral or strong alkali condition, which suggests that the leaching of heavy metals are limited by the solubility. It is found that the effect of CEC is similarly to that of pH, $D_{10}$ among the particle size of fly ash is negative correlated with the concentration of heavy metals leached by KSLT method. In the case of exchangeable fraction, the leaching rate of heavy metals is linearly correlated with the exchangeable fraction for the fly ash below 40 meq/l00g of CEC, but not related out of the range.