• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

The negative effects of unburned fabric in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash on the performances of cement composite were investigated. The chemical and physical characteristics of MSWI ash powder containing high volume of unburned fabric were analyzed. The workability and compressive strength of mortar-type cement composites with the ash powder were evaluated. The workability of the cement composites was decreased mainly by unburned fabric in the ash, while the compressive strength was decreased by MSWI ash itself. From the experimental results, the critical limits for both MSWI ash and their powder containing unburned fabric in the cement composites should be limited from standpoint of the workability of the composite.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.257-265
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• 2006

The purpose of research is to mix the fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator in the recycled Polypropylene and to recycle. The specimen was produced by mixing 20 wt.% of MSWI fly ash at maximum in the recycled Polypropylene and the particle size analyzer, DSC, TGA, SEM and UTM instruments were used to analyze the physical chemical properties of the specimen. As a result of measurement, the average particle size of MSWI fly ash was $18.08\;{\mu}m$. In TGA analysis, the temperature of specimen S-5 at 50% of weight decrease was risen by $7^{\circ}C$ higher than specimen S-1. In UTM measurement, specimen S-2 showed the maximum strength for tensile strength and specimen S-3 showed the maximum strength for flexural strength. But, impact strength was decreased according to the increasing proportion of MSWI fly ash. In conclusion, when the proper amount of MSWI fly ash was added to the recycled Polypropylene, thermal endurance, tensile strength and flexural strength could be increased, but impact strength was decreased.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.5 s.81
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• pp.378-387
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• 2004

This study was carried to investigate the emission characteristics of mercury from domestic and industrial MSW (municipal solid waste) incinerator stacks. The mercury concentration levels of flue gas from 32 MSW incinerators stacks selected were above the criteria level ($5{\mu}g/S\;m^3$). MSWI facilities exceeding the criteria levels in Korea are due to the poor units comparison of combustion chamber(CC)-cyclone(CY)-stack. So, the mercury from MSW incinerators stack were suspected to contaminate the natural system unless the MSW incinerators were properly controlled. Mean-while, the relationship between mercury concentration and temperature of flue gas in MSW incinerator stacks were examined at two temperature ranges (Group A : $29.85{\sim}327.63^{\circ}C$, Group B : $446.9{\sim}848.15^{\circ}C$). The mercury concentration in flue gas with high temperature range was higher than that of flue gas with low temperature rage. This mean that the temperature of flue gas plays an important role in mercury control in MSW incinerator. The emission characteristics oi mercury was also evaluated by using the correlation matrix between the mercury and NOx, $PM_{10}$, moisture (MO.) at both low temperature and high temperature flue gas ranges. The mercury concentration was mainly affected by NOx, $PM_{10}$. moisture (MO.) at low temperature range, while the mercury concentration at high temperature flue gas was mainly affected by NOx, moisture (MO.). From these results, it was suggested that the temperature of cooling system and the air pollution control device should be properly regulated in order to control mercury of flue gas in MSWI incinerator.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1817-1824
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• 2000

This study is carried out to investigate the discharge characteristics of PCDD/Fs from municipal solid waste(MSW) incinerator, According to the results measured at several air pollution control devices(APCDs), the largest amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) are found at selective catalytic reduction (SCR) inlet. Therefore, it concludes that the electrostatic precipitator(EP) provides the appropriate condition for the formation of PCDD/Fs. The concentration of PCDD/Fs shows a large difference with the season. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in winter is higher than that of autumn, which suggests that the formation of PCDD/Fs is affected by the MSW components and the operation condition of municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2015

The adsorption characteristics of ammonia on MSWI bottom ash were investigated. The effect of the variation of the landfill environmental parameters including pH, anions and organic matter on the adsorption process was discussed. Results showed that the adsorption could be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.2 mg/g. The optimum adsorption of ammonia was observed when the pH was 6.0. High level of ion and organic matter could restrict the adsorption to a low level. The above results suggested that MSWI bottom ash could affect the migration of ammonia in the landfill, which is related to the variation of the landfill circumstance.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.5 s.95
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• pp.589-594
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• 2006

The recycling of industrial wastes in the concrete manufacturing is of increasing interest worldwide, due to the high environmental impact of the cement and concrete industries and to the rising demand of infrastructures, both in industrialized and developing countries. The production of municipal wastes in the South Korea is estimated at about 49,902 ton per day and only 14.5% of these are incinerated and principally disposed of in landfill. These quantities will increase considerably with the growth of municipal waste production, the progressive closing of landfill, so the disposal of municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) ashes has become a continuous and significant issue facing society, both environmentally and economically. MSWI ash is the residue from waste combustion processes at temperature between $850^{\circ}C\;and\;1,000^{\circ}C$. And the main components of MSWI ash are $SiO_2,\;CaO\;and\;Al_2O_3$. The aim of this study is to find a way to useful application of MSWI ash(after treatment) as a structural material and to investigates the hydraulic activity, compressive strength development composition variation of such alkali-activated MSWI ashes concrete. And it was found that early cement hydration, followed by the breakdown and dissolving of the MSWI-ashes, enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H). The XRD and SEM-EDS results indicate that, both the hydration degree and strength development are closely connected with a curing condition and a alkali-activator. Compressive strengths with values in the 40.5 MPa were obtained after curing the activated MSWI ashes with NaOH+water glass at $90^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.773-776
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• 2005

MSWI ash is the residue from waste combustion processes at temperature between $850^{\circ}C\;and\;1000^{\circ}C$. And the main components of MSWI ash are $SiO_2,\;CaO\;and\;Al_2O_3$. The aim of this study is to find a way to useful application of MSWI ash(after treatment) as a structural material and to investigates the hydraulic activity, compressive strength development, composition variation of such chemicallyi-activated MSWI ashes concrete. And it was found that early cement hydration, followed by the breakdown and dissolving of the MSWI-ashes, enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H), The XRD and SEM-EDS results indicate that, both the hydration degree and strength development are closely connected with a curing condition and a chemically-activator. Compressive strengths with values in the 40.5MFa were obtained after curing the activated MSWI ashes with NaOH+water glass at $90^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.296-300
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• 2001

In order to recycle the incineration ash (bottom ash and fly ash) generated from the incineration of municipal waste for a cement material, salts as well as heavy metal should be removed by the stabilization treatment. Most of these heavy metal and over 80% of salts are removed by a washing as a pre-treatment. However, wastewater which is another pollutant is generated by a washing, then proper treatment should be developed. First the characteristics of incineration ashes collected from two domestic full-sized incinerators were investigated and removal rate of salts and heavy metals from them also studied. The wastewater quality was compared to the criteria of the regulation by analyzing the characteristics of generated wastewater during the washing of incineration ash as a condition of liquid/solid ratio. Also, we tried to used this experimental results for the basic data to develop proper processing technique of municipal waste.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.1 s.88
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to evaluate the emission characteristics of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from medium size municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs) in Korea. The concentrations of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium emitted from medium size MSWI stack were $2.67\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.38\;mg/Sm^3,\;1.33\;{\mu}g/Sm^3,\;0.28\;{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. The concentration levels of mercury, lead, arsenic in flue gas from medium size MSW incinerator stacks selected were nearly detected under the Korea criteria level. Removal efficiencies of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium in waste heat boiler(WHE) and cooling tower(CT) were $90.36\%,\;69.76\%,\;43.04\%,\;40.64\%$, respectively. In general, the removal efficiencies of mercury and lead in WHE were higher than those of arsenic and selenium in WHE. Emission gas temperature reduction from waste heat boiler(WHB) and cooling tower(CT) can control mercury and lead of medium size MSWIs. To evaluate the relationship between mercury, lead, arsenic, selenium of fly ash and those of flue gas, it was carried out to correlation analysis of each metal concentration in the fly ash and in the flue gas from medium size MSWIs. From the correlation analysis, the coefficients of mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium were 0.61, -0.38, 0.87, 0.28, respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that it should be highly positive to the correlation coefficients of mercury and arsenic in the fly ash and those of the flue gas emitted from medium size MSWIs. As it were, the concentrations of mercury and arsenic of flue gas from medium size MSWIs are high unless mercury and arsenic in fly ash are properly controlled in dust collection step in medium size MSWIs. It was also concluded that mercury, lead, arsenic, and selenium from MSWIs stacks could be controlled by waste heat boiler(WHE) and dust collecting step in medium size MSWIs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to improve adsorption efficiency of adsorbent made from MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) ny ash by $HNO_3$ activation. The acidity and the basicity were determined by Boehm's method and the surface structure was studied by BET method with N2 adsorption. The adsorption properties were investigated with benzene and MEK (Methylethylketone). $HNO_3$ activation can modify the surface property of an adsorbent such as specific surface area, pore volume, and functional group. According to the results, the specific surface area of the adsorbent was increased from $309.2m^2/g\;to\;553.2 m^2/g$ by activation. Also oxygen-containing functional groups were formed on it.