• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 정적인(static) 무선 애드 혹 네트워크(wireless ad hoc network)상에서 동작하는 에너지 효율적인 broadcast알고리즘인 "MST based Broadcast with Hitch-hiking(MBH)"알고리즘을 제안한다. MBH는 BIP[1]에 Hitch-hiking기법[2]을 적용시킨 BHH(Broadcast by Hitch-Hiking)[3]에 비해 적은 시간 복잡도를 가지면서 더 적은 에너지를 소모해 broadcast를 수행할 수 있음을 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 분산(distributed) MBH는 1-hop 이웃정보만을 이용해 broadcast 트리를 구성하기 때문에 높은 확장성(scalability)을 가지며, 빠르고 효율적으로 에너지 효율적인 broadcast 트리를 구성할 수 있다. 또한 분산 MBH는 이동성을 고려한 동적 네트워크의 잦은 위상변화에 빠르게 적응할 수 있도록 쉽게 확장할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.165-173
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• 2012

Given a connected, weighted, and undirected graph, the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) should have minimum sum of weights, connected all vertices, and without any cycle taking place. Borůvka Algorithm is firstly suggested as an algorithm to evaluate the MST, but it is not widely used rather than Prim and Kruskal algorithms. Borůvka algorithm selects the Minimum Weight Edge (MWE) from each vertex with distinct weights in $1^{st}$ stage, and selects the MWE from each MSF (Minimum Spanning Forest) in $2^{nd}$ stage. But the cycle check and the number of MSF in $1^{st}$ stage and $2^{nd}$ stage are difficult to implication by computer program even if it is easy to verify visually. This paper suggests the generalized Borůvka Algorithm, This algorithm selects all of the same MWEs for each vertex, then checks the cycle and constructs MSF for ascending sorted MWEs. Kruskal method bring into this process. if the number of MSF greats then 1, this algorithm selects MWE from ascending sorted inter-MSF edges. The generalized Borůvka algorithm is verified its application by being applied to the 7 graphs with the many minimum weights or distinct weight edges for any vertex. As a result, the generalized Borůvka algorithm is less required for cycle verification then the Kruskal algorithm. Therefore, the generalized Borůvka algorithm is more fast to obtain MST then Kruskal algorithm.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of conservative Korean treatment including hip joint MST for Bilateral Sacroillitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis. Methods : Patient is hospitalized at Dept. of Korean Internal Medicine, Jaseng Korean Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as Bilateral Sacroilitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis, and treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and hip joint MST. This study was measured by NRS(Numeric Rating Scale), SLRT(Straight leg raising test), Patrick test, and Blood test(ESR, CRP). Result : After conservative treatment, the patient's pain was controlled and NRS score was decreased. SLRT score also improved. Patrick test unchanged. ESR, CRP score was decreased. Conclusion : As seen in this one case, conservative Korean treatment including hip joint MST has a positive effect to control pain with Bilateral Sacroillitis with Synovitis in Rt. Hip Joint Caused by Ankylosing Spondylitis.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of conservative treatment including hip joint MST for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed avascular necrosis of femur head. Methods : Patient is hospitalized at Dept. of Oriental Internal Medicine, Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head and treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and hip joint MST. This study was measured by NRS(Numeric Rating Scale), ODI(Oswestry Disability Index) and ROM(range of motion). Results : After conservative treatment, the patient's pain was controlled and NRS score was decreased. ODI and ROM also were improved. Conclusions : As seen in this one case, Oriental conservative treatment including hip joint MST has a positive effect to control pain with lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed avascular necrosis of femur head.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2000

In this study, genetic variation in the 5 strains of 2N-cont, meiotic-G2N, mitotic-G2N and two types of clones with different genetic backgrounds was investigated by developing their tolerance to water temperature and salinity, which is a physiological trait, into a quantitative trait. The temperature was set at 19$^{\circ}C$, 22.5$^{\circ}C$, 25$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, each of which was combined with 0$\textperthousand$, 15$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$ of salinity respectively, making 12 groups in all. In the mean survival time (MST), samples with 15$\textperthousand$ of salinity showed the longest survival time at all temperatures. The 2N-cont had the longest 126.16 h followed by clone-11 and clone-15 surviving for 113.22 h and 91.05 h respectively. Gynogenetic diploids showed the shortest 87,32 h and 36.56 h. At 22.5 and 25$^{\circ}C$, MST of each strain was significantly short, showing similar results to those of the groups at 19$^{\circ}C$. The 2N-cont had the longest MST while clones had a longer MST than gynogenetic diploids. This could be due to gynogenesis which causes homozygosis among malignant harmful genes, leading to its appearance in populations and resulting in early death in individuals with such genes. On the other hand, MST of clones was longer than that of gynogenetic fish. This could be because the 1st gynogenetic generation, which is a parental population, has already had its malignant genes removed, while the clones of the 2nd gynogenetic generation have had their superior genes fixed as well as their tolerance and survival improved. When temperature was raised to 22.5$^{\circ}C$ and 25$^{\circ}C$, increase in variation was observed in gynogenetic diploids and decrease in clones in 15$\textperthousand$ of salinity. This shows that such a trait is genetic to a certain extent. Consequently, if this character is developed into a quantitative trait and applied to selective breeding, it could be a useful character to secure superior strains and individuals, and also it would be possible to improve populations genetically through selection.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.36.1-36.13
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• 2020

Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved signal transduction mechanisms mainly involved in organ size control, tissue regeneration, and tumor suppression. However, in mammals, the primary role of Hippo signaling seems to be regulation of immunity. As such, humans with null mutations in STK4 (mammalian homologue of Drosophila Hippo; also known as MST1) suffer from recurrent infections and autoimmune symptoms. Although dysregulated T cell homeostasis and functions have been identified in MST1-deficient human patients and mouse models, detailed cellular and molecular bases of the immune dysfunction remain to be elucidated. Although the canonical Hippo signaling pathway involves transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ motif (TAZ), the major Hippo downstream signaling pathways in T cells are YAP/TAZ-independent and they widely differ between T cell subsets. Here we will review Hippo signaling mechanisms in T cell immunity and describe their implications for immune defects found in MST1-deficient patients and animals. Further, we propose that mutual inhibition of Mst and Akt kinases and their opposing roles on the stability and function of forkhead box O and β-catenin may explain various immune defects discovered in mutant mice lacking Hippo signaling components. Understanding these diverse Hippo signaling pathways and their interplay with other evolutionarily-conserved signaling components in T cells may uncover molecular targets relevant to vaccination, autoimmune diseases, and cancer immunotherapies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of ultrasound and laser therapy for sub-acute lower back pain. Twenty-seven patients with sub-acute low back pain were recruited, who were randomly assigned to three groups: Ultrasound group (actual ultrasound, 1.1 MHz, $1.0W/cm^2$, duty cycle 100%, 10 min/session, n=9), laser group (actual laser, 904 nm, 155 ns, 13.5 W, 12 mW, 90 sec/point, n=9), and control group (placebo ultrasound or placebo laser, n=9). All of treatments including placebo procedures were applied to patients over a period of 2 weeks, five times a week. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Schober's Test (MST), and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) were used by the clinical and functional evaluations before and after intervention. At post-hoc, significant differences were observed in all groups with respect to VAS, MST (p<.05), except MODQ. VAS and MST score were more significantly improved in the ultrasound group than the laser and control group (p<.0167). However, no significant difference was present between the laser group and the control group. Therefore, this study revealed that ultrasound therapy was effective in pain relief and improvement of lumbar mobility in patients with sub-acute lower back pain. However, laser therapy did not show the effects for sub-acute lower back pain.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

This study is intended to examine the tDCS and Montoya stair task(MST) on sensorimotor recovery and glial scar expression in MCAo induced stroke model of rat. To achieve this goal, this study selected 80 SD rats of 8 weeks. The experiment groups were divided them into four groups, and assigned 20 rats to each group. Group I was a experimental control group; GroupII was a tDCS application group after MCAo; Group III was a MST application group after MCAo; Group IV was a tDCS and MST application group after MCAo. In each group, neurological function test measurement, motor behavior test, montoya stair task test, immunohistochemistric finding of GFAP expression finding were analyzed. In motor behavior test, the outcome of group I was significantly difference than the other group, especially from 14days. In montoya stair task test, the outcome of group I was significantly lower than the other group especially, group II were significantly different on 14days and group IV was most significantly difference than the other group. In immunohistochemistric finding, group II, III, IV were decrease GFAP expression on depend on time stream. These results throughout the MCAo due to focal ischemic brain injury rat model four weeks tDCS and MST was applied, when the neurobehavioural, upper extremity function and ability, histopathologic data suggest that sensorimotor function recovery and a positive influence on glial scar decrease and confirmed that.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.86-94
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• 1990

This paper suggests a unified packet telecommunication network, which is designed by applying network design algorithm and distribution network design algorithm, Proposed local network design algorithm is based on MST topology, and it can satisfy the limited capacity and get a distribution effect of communication flow, With the result of the comparison with Kruskal and Esau-Willams algorithm, an increase of 2.7% in cost and a decrease of 44.8% in average delay time are shown. Starting with MST topology, proposed distribution network design algorithm gradually increases its reliability, and proposes a conclusive algorithm to determine a topology with minimum cost. In compared with Cut-Saturation algorithm in the aspect of end-to-end delay time and communication flow restricted condition, this proposed algorithm results in 1/7 cost down and about 2.5 times increases in Throughput.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.346-355
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• 2005

To investigate the application of biochemical markers' and small-sample methods using whole-wheat flours for screening in early generation in Korean wheat breeding system, 74 Korean wheats, including cultivars, local breeding lines and experimental lines, were analyzed. Seed storage protein and amylose contents of grains were evaluated. Biochemical makers, including granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), high molecular weigh glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and friabilin were also evaluated by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis with a single kernel. The small­sample methods, including modified SDS-sedimentation test (MST), micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) and whole-wheat flour swelling volume (WSV) were also tested in this study. Protein content, MST and AWRC was $11.0 - 15.8\%$, 2.7 - 26.2 ml and $71.9 - 109.7\%$, respectively. Apparent and total amylose content and WSV was $20.6 - 25.0\%$, $26.1 - 32.4\%$ and 9.0 - 16.9 ml, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between MST and AWRC (r=0.592, P<0.001), but Korean wheats showed no significant difference in protein content, amylose content and small-sample methods. In the biochemical markers, Korean wheats contained all three GBSS encoded by Wx loci, except for Suwon 252. Korean wheats showed the high frequency ($58.1\%$) of 1Dx2.2 + 1Dy12 subunits of HMW-GS. Friabilin band was present in 46 lines ($62.2\%$) and absent in 28 lines ($37.8\%$). Friabilin-absence lines showed the higher MST (14.9 ml) and AWRC ($92.1\%$) value than friabilin-presence lines (8.5 ml and $82.4\%$, respectively).