• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1444-1445
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• 2008

최근 Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN), Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA), CDMA2000, Bluetooth 등 다양한 모바일 통신 시스템에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 모바일 통신 시스템에는 70dB이상의 SFDR(Spurious Free Dynamic Range)을 가진 ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter)가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 통신 시스템을 위한 SFDR 70dBc의 성능을 제공하는 10비트, 100Msps 파이프라인 ADC를 제안한다. 제안한 ADC는 요구되는 해상도 및 속도 사양을 만족시키기 위해 3단 파이프라인 구조를 채택하였으며, 입력단 SHA(Sample and Hold)회로에는 Nyquist 입력에서도 10비트 이상의 정확도로 신호를 샘플링하기 위해 부트스트래핑 기법 기반의 샘플링 스위치를 적용하였다. residue amplifier 회로에는 전력을 줄이기 위해 8배 residue amplifier 대신 3개의 2배 ressidue amplifier를 사용하였다. ADC의 높은 사양을 만족시키기 위해서는 높은 이득을 가지는 op-amp가 필수적이다. 제안한 ADC 는 0.18um CMOS 공정으로 설계되었으며, 100Msps의 동작 속도에서 70dBc 수준의 SFDR과 60dB 수준의 SNDR(Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio)을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1659-1664
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• 2001

Several studies have been done regarding carcass traits and growth in pigs. Recently, these have progressed to examine increases in economic traits, including meat quality and meat quantity, by using candidate genes. One of them is the pituitary-specific protein PIT-1, a member of the POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) family of transcription factors playing an important regulatory role in developmental processes. In addition, muscle development is known to be regulated in part by growth factors and cytokines locally produced. Therefore, studies were performed to analyze PIT-1 genotypes and serum cytokines (IGF-I, IGF-II, TGF-${\beta}1$, EGF, cortisol, DHEA-S, IL-2, and IL-6) in castrated male pigs for their possible involvement in the development of carcass traits. The genotypes of PIT-1 gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP with MspI restriction enzyme. But, only CD and DD genotypes, not CC genotype, have been detected. Based on PIT-1 genotyping, a significant difference in EGF expression beween CD type (78.8 ng/ml) and DD type (46.0 ng/ml) was detected (p<0.05), whereas other cytokines did not show any statistical significance depending on PIT-1 genotypes. Collectively, these results suggest the possibility that EGF could affect the formation of carcass traits.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.780-790
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• 2011

This paper presents an efficient differential power analysis (DPA) countermeasure for the $Eta_T$ pairing algorithm over GF($2^n$). The proposed algorithm is based on a random value addition (RVA) mechanism. An RVA-based DPA countermeasure for the $Eta_T$ pairing computation over GF($3^n$) was proposed in 2008. This paper examines the security of this RVA-based DPA countermeasure and defines the design principles for making the countermeasure more secure. Finally, the paper proposes an efficient RVA-based DPA countermeasure for the secure computation of the $Eta_T$ pairing over GF($2^n$). The proposed countermeasure not only overcomes the security flaws in the previous RVAbased method but also exhibits the enhanced performance. Actually, on the 8-bit ATmega128L and 16-bit MSP430 processors, the proposed method can achieve almost 39% and 43% of performance improvements, respectively, compared with the best-known countermeasure.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.57-65
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• 2002

In this paper, a 2.5V 10-bit 300MSPS CMOS D/A Converter is described. The architecture of the D/A Converter is based on a current steering 8+2 segmented type, which reduces non-linearity error and other secondary effects. In order to achieve a high performance D/A Converter, a novel current cell with a low spurious deglitchnig circuit and a novel inverse thermomeer decoder are proposed. To verify the performance, it is integrated with $0.25{\mu}m$ CMOS 1-poly 5-metal technology. The effective chip area is $1.56mm^2$ and power consumption is about 84mW at 2.5V power supply. The simulation and experimental results show that the glitch energy is 0.9pVsec at fs=100MHz, 15pVsec at fs=300MHz in worst case, respectively. Further, both of INL and DNL are within ${\pm}$1.5LSB, and the SFDR is about 45dB when sampling, frequency, is 300MHz and output frequency is 1MHz.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate MC1R genotype, coat color, and muzzle phenotype variationsin the Korean native brindle cattle (KNBC) maintaining family lines and to establish the mating system for increased brindle coat color appearance. KNBC with genotype and phenotype records were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes, verified by PCR-RFLP, and brindle coat color appearance was determined. Fragments of the MC1R gene amplified by PCR were digested with MspI and RFLP was determined. KNBC had $E^+E^+$, $E^+e$, and ee genotypes. The $E^+e$ genotype was most common with 65%, compared to $E^+E^+$ (33.33%), or ee (1.67%). When the sire had $E^+e$ genotype and the dam had $E^+E^+$ genotype, and both of them had the whole body-brindle coat color, all of their offspring (4/4) had whole body-brindle coat color. When the sire had $E^+E^+$ genotype and the dam had $E^+e$ genotype, and both had whole body-brindle coat color, 44.44% (4/9) of the offspring had whole body-brindle coat color. The mating between the sires and dams with these two genotypes with whole body-brindle coat color may have the highest whole body-brindle coat color appearance in their offspring. Muzzle grades 3 or 4 were more common than other muzzle grades. This is the first report indicating the segregation of MC1R genotypes and the inheritance of coat color through family lines in KNBC. The mating system proposed from this study may increase the possibility of brindle coat color appearance in KNBC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

Genetic variants of Hanwoo mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, II and III complex were detected using restriction enzymes. PCR primers were designed based on the bovine mtDNA sequence, and 6 primer sets (Mt4, Mt5, Mt6, Mt7, Mt8 and Mt9) were used. A total of 20 restriction enzymes were used, and 6 restriction enzymes, which were Hinf I, Pvu II, Rsa I, Eco RI, Bgl II, and Msp I, showed genetic polymorphisms. Significant associations between genetic variants and weight traits were observed at WT15 (p<0.05) and WT18 (p<0.01) with Pvu II for Mt9, Bgl II for Mt6 and Rsa I for Mt8 segments in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex. Significant associations were also observed at Mt9-Pvu II and Mt6-Bgl II segments for WT9 (p=0.01), WT12 (p=0.02), respectively. These results suggest that genetic variants of mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex may be candidate segments for improvement of animal growth as weight traits.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4149-4154
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• 2016

Background: Cervical carcinoma is one of the main causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as in India. It occurs as a result of various molecular events that develop from the combined influences of an individual's genetic predisposition and external agents such as smoking and menstrual hygiene, for example. However, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the established major risk factor. The aim of the current study was to investigate p16 CpG island methylation and establish any correlation with mRNA expression in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 196 woman volunteer out of which 98 were cases and 98 healthy controls. For the analysis of methylation pattern, DNA extracted from blood samples was modified with a bisulfate kit and used as template for methylation specific PCR (MSP). Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed to check mRNA expression. Results: Correlation between methylation status of p16 gene and poor menstrual hygiene was significant (p=0.006), high parity cases showed methylation of p16 gene (p=0.031) with increased risk up to 1.86 times for cervical cancer and smoking was a strong risk factor associated with cervical cancer. We analyzed methylation pattern and found 60.3% methylation in cases with low mRNA expression level (0.014) as compare to controls (1.24). It was also observed that promoter methylation of p16 gene was significantly greater in FIGO stage III. Conclusions: We conclude that p16 methylation plays an important role in cervical cancer in the north Indian population and its methylation decreases mRNA expression. It can be used as an important and consistent blood biomarker in cervical cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4113-4117
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• 2012

Breast cancer is a prevalent heterogeneous malignant disease. Gene expression profiling by DNA microarray can classify breast tumors into five different molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, basal and normal-like which have differing prognosis. Recently it has been shown that immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), can divide tumors to main subtypes: luminal A (ER+; PR+/-; HER-2-), luminal B (ER+;PR+/-; HER-2+), basal-like (ER-;PR-;HER2-) and Her2+ (ER-; PR-; HER-2+). Some subtypes such as basal-like subtype have been characterized by poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. Due to the importance of the ER signaling pathway in mammary cell proliferation; it appears that epigenetic changes in the $ER{\alpha}$ gene as a central component of this pathway, may contribute to prognostic prediction. Thus this study aimed to clarify the correlation of different IHC-based subtypes of breast tumors with $ER{\alpha}$ methylation in Iranian breast cancer patients. For this purpose one hundred fresh breast tumors obtained by surgical resection underwent DNA extraction for assessment of their ER methylation status by methylation specific PCR (MSP). These tumors were classified into main subtypes according to IHC markers and data were collected on pathological features of the patients. $ER{\alpha}$ methylation was found in 25 of 28 (89.3%) basal tumors, 21 of 24 (87.5%) Her2+ tumors, 18 of 34 (52.9%) luminal A tumors and 7 of 14 (50%) luminal B tumors. A strong correlation was found between $ER{\alpha}$ methylation and poor prognosis tumor subtypes (basal and Her2+) in patients (P<0.001). Our findings show that $ER{\alpha}$ methylation is correlated with poor prognosis subtypes of breast tumors in Iranian patients and may play an important role in pathogenesis of the more aggressive breast tumors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to confirm a location of the calpastatin (CAST) gene in chromosome 2 and to detect associations of genetic variations with economic traits in the porcine CAST gene as a candidate gene for growth and meat quality traits in pigs. Calpastatin is a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains. The calpain protease system is ubiquitous, and is involved in numerous growth and metabolic processes. Three single nucleotide variations were identified within a 1.6 kb fragment of the porcine CAST gene and these polymorphisms were used for genetic linkage mapping. Linkage and QTL mapping were performed with the National Livestock Research Institute (NLRI) reference families using eight microsatellites and SNP makers in the CAST gene. The porcine CAST gene was mapped adjacent to the markers, SW395 and SW1695 on SSC2 with LOD scores of 15.32 and 8.50, respectively. According to the QTL mapping, a significant association was detected at 82 cM between SW395 and CAST-Hinf I for weight at the age of 30 weeks. In addition, an association study was performed with the $F_2$ animals of NLRI reference families for Hinf I, Msp I and Rsa I polymorphisms in the CAST gene. Two polymorphisms, CAST-Rsa I and CAST-Hinf I, showed significant correlation for growth traits at p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively.