• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5557-5563
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• 2015

Background: Cholelithiasis is associated in 54%-98% of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, and a high incidence among females suggests a role of female hormones in the etiology of the disease. Cytochrome $P450C17{\alpha}$ (CYP-17) is a key enzyme involved in estrogen metabolism and polymorphisms in CYP-17 are associated with altered serum levels of estrogens. Thus, we investigated whether the CYP-17 MspA1 gene polymorphism might impact on risk of gall bladder cancers or gallstones, as well as to determine if this gene polymorphism might be linked with estrogen serum levels and lipid profile among the North Indian gall bladder cancer or gallstone patients. Materials and Methods: CYP-17 gene polymorphisms (MspA1) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP in cancer patients (n=96), stone patients (n=102), cancer + stone patients (n=52) and age/sex matched control subjects (n= 256). Lipid profile was estimated using a commercial kit and serum estrogen was measured using ELISA. Results: The majority of the patients in all groups were females. The lipid profile and estrogen level were significantly higher among the study as compared to control groups. The frequency of mutant allele A2 of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism was higher among cancer (OR=5.13, 95% CI+3.10-8.51, p=0.0001), stone (OR=5.69, 95%CI=3.46-9.37, p=0.0001) and cancer + stone (OR=3.54, 95%CI=1.90-6.60, p=0.0001) when compared with the control group. However there was no significant association between genotypes of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism and circulating serum level of estrogen and lipid profile. Conclusions: A higher frequency of mutant genotype A1A2 as well as mutant allele A2 of CYP-17 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of gallbladder cancer and stones. Elevated levels of estrogen and an altered lipid profile can be used as predictors ofgall bladder stones and cancer in post menopausal females in India.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 콘센트용 누설전류 감지 및 자동차단 모듈을 개발하였다. 제안된 누설전류 검출 모듈은 저항성 누설전류 검출 칩을 사용한 콘센트용 누설전류 검출 모듈과는 차별화된, 전력 프로세서인 MSP430 MCU(Micro Controller Unit)를 이용하여 합성 누설전류에서 저항성 누설전류를 프로그램으로 분리 검출한다. 제안된 방법으로 구현된 모듈은 저항성 누설전류 5mA 이상에서 조기 검출 및 자동차단 기능이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 저항성 누설전류 검출 기능이 프로그램으로 구현되어 있어 저항성 누설전류 5mA 이하 또는 이상으로도 쉽게 조정이 가능한 장점이 있다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.815-824
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• 2013

임베디드 마이크로 프로세서는 기존의 컴퓨터에 비해 제한적인 컴퓨팅 파워로 인해 간단한 연산과 작업의 수행에 보다 적합한 기기로 간주되어 왔다. 하지만 최근 들어 임베디드 마이크로 프로세서의 발전으로 인해 다양한 서비스를 제공하는 것이 가능해 졌다. 이와 더불어 안전하고 신뢰성 높은 서비스의 제공을 위해 임베디드 장비 상에서의 보안의 중요성이 갈수록 높아지고 있다. 현재 임베디드 장비 상에서의 다양한 암호화 구현 기법들이 제시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 8-, 16-, 32-비트 임베디드 장비인 AVR, MSP, 그리고 ARM 상에서 진행된 다양한 보안 구현 결과들을 비교 분석한다. 이는 추후 연구자들의 임베디드 장비 상에서의 암호 구현 연구에 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권7_8호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

본 논문은 STP-MSP을 위한 근사 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 문제에 대해 근접한 최적 해법을 제공하는 PTAS를 가지는 것이 불가능하기 때문에, 본 논문의 연구는 $n^{O(1)}$의 실행 시간과 근사 비율 2를 가지는 하나의 대안을 제시한다. 본 연구의 중요성은 관련된 다른 미해결문제에 대하여 해결 가능성을 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문의 주요 제안내용은 문제 인스턴스에게 허용오차를 배분하는 것이다. 이로 인해 우리는 무한적 경우에서 다항적 범위로 실행시간을 줄일 수 있다. 관련연구[1,2]가 근사 비율이 2보다 크지만 보다 현실적인 실행시간을 갖는 근사 알고리즘들을 제시한 것이라면, 본 연구는 근사 비율이 2인 근사 알고리즘의 존재를 밝힌 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2023

Phosphorus (P) is a macro mineral needed for bone mineralization and cell membrane structure and P is also involved in several fundamental pathways of metabolism in the body. Because of the low concentration and digestibility of P in plant ingredients that are the main components of diets for poultry and pigs, feed phosphates are usually included in diets in addition to the P contributed by plant ingredients. The most widely used feed phosphates in poultry and swine diets are dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP), but tricalcium phosphate (TCP), monosodium phosphate (MSP), and magnesium phosphate (MgP) may be used as well. Because feed phosphates are mostly produced from rock phosphate, feed phosphates have impurities that contain minerals other than P. Concentrations of P in feed phosphates range from 14.8% (MgP) to 25.7% (MSP). The standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in pigs ranges from 71% (TCP) to 95% (MSP). The STTD of Ca and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P and Ca in feed phosphates fed to pigs and poultry have been determined only in a few experiments. Available data indicate that the STTD of Ca and SID of P in MCP are greater than in DCP in both poultry and pigs, but the SID of Ca is similar between DCP and MCP fed to broilers. Information on mineral concentrations and digestibility values in feed phosphates is needed in diet formulation for pigs and poultry, but if diets are formulated to contain equal concentrations of digestible P and Ca, it is unlikely that animal performance will be impacted by the source of feed phosphates used in the diet.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 1999

Rhizoctonia solani 분류를 위해 균사의 anastomosis group과 grouprks의 유전적 차이의 분석을 위해 rDNA 의 PCR-RFLP 와 RFLP를 실시하였다. rDNA 의 PCR-RFLP 결과 R. solani 는 크게 5 group 으로 나뉘어졌다. 균주 번호 1번과 3번은 AG-5 그룹과 0.976의 높은 상동성을 보였고, 12번, 13번은 AG-2-2와 0.976의 상동성을 보였다. 균주번호 7,8,11,13,15 는 AG-1에 속하였다. 제한효소 HaeIII로 절단하였을 때 균주번호 4,5,7,8은 700 bp에서 하나의 밴드가 나타나 AG-1에 속하였고, 균주번호 9는 AG-2-1과 517 bp에서 하나의 밴드가 나타났다. 도한 제한효소 Msp I을 사용하여 southern blotting을 한 결과 더 다양한 절단양상을 보이며 AG 간의 차이가 나타났다. AG-2-1과 균주번호 9는 200 bp에서 하나의 밴드가 나타났다. 균주 3,4,5,10,11,13은 AG-1과 1kb에서 하나의 밴드로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1368-1374
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• 2005

To investigate the genetic relationships among various cattle breeds, bovine mtDNA D-loop region was used in 411 animals of 18 cattle breeds, including 8 Asian Bos taurus, 7 European Bos taurus, 1 Asian Bos indicus, and 2 African Bos indicus. The size of amplified PCR products from mtDNA D-loop region was 964 bp and the products were digested by 15 different restriction enzymes. Two different band patterns were identified in eight restriction enzymes (BstXI, Hae III, Msp I, Apa I, Taq I, Alu I, BamH I, EcoN I) and the rest of restriction enzymes showed more than 3 different band patterns among which Apo I and MspR9 resulted in 7 different restriction patterns. The genotypes, number of haplotype, effective number of haplotype, and degree of heterozygosity were analyzed. Based on all the PCR-RFLP data, different haplotypes were constructed and analyzed for calculating genetic distances between these breeds using Nei's unbiased method and constructing a phylogenetic tree.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2209-2213
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• 2015

DNA methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters is the most frequent phenomenon leading to inactivation of function, consequently driving malignant cell transformation. Cyclin D2 is implicated in tumor suppression. In our study, we carried out the MSP assay to evaluation the methylation status at CpG islands in the cyclin D2 promoter in breast cancer cases from the Vietnamese population. The results showed that the frequency of methylation reached 62.1% (59 of 95 breast cancer tumors), but was low in non-cancer specimens at 10% (2 of 20 non-cancer specimens). Additionally, with an RR (relative risk) and OR (odd ratios) of 6.21 and 14.8, DNA hypermethylation of cyclin D2 increased the possibility of malignant transformation. Our results confirmed the cyclin D2 hypermethylation could be used as the potential biomarker which could be applied in prognosis and early diagnosis of Vietnamese breast cancer patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2006

Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains remain responsible for the majority of diseases caused by mycobacterial infections worldwide, the increase in HIV infections has allowed for the emergence of other non-tuberculous mycobacteria as clinically significant pathogens. However, Mycobacterium species has a long period of incubation, and requires serious biochemical tests such as niacin, catalase, and nitrate test that are often tedious. The development of rapid and accurate diagnostics can aid in the early diagnosis of disease caused by Mycobacterium. The current DNA amplification and hybridization methods that have been developed target several genes for the detection of mycobacterial species such as hps65, 16S rDNA, rpoB, and dnaj. These methods produce rapid and accurate results. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PCR-RFLP) based on the region of the rpoB gene was used to verify the identification of non-tuburculosis Mycobacterium species. A total of 8 mycobacterial reference strains and 13 clinical isolates were digested with restriction enzymes such as Msp I in this study. The results of using this process clearly demonstrated that all 13 specimens were identified by rpoB gene PRA method. The PCR-RFLP method based on the rpoB gene is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for the identification of Mycobacterium.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2004

Objective: To investigate the association between endometriosis and polymorphisms of N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 genes in Korean infertile patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 303 infertile patients who had undertaken diagnostic laparoscopy during January, 2001 through December, 2003 at Samsung Cheil Hospital enrolled in this study. The patients were grouped according to laparoscopic findings: minimal to mild endometriosis (group I: n=147), moderate to severe endometriosis (group II: n=57), normal pelvic cavity (n=99). Peripheral blood was obtained and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotypes of each genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). For NAT2, RFLP was used to detect the wild type (wt) and mutant (mt) alleles, enabling classification into slow (mt/mt) or fast (wt/wt or wt/mt) acetylation genotypes. For GSTM1, PCR was used to distinguish active (+/- or +/+) from null (-/-) genotypes. For CYP1A1, MspI digestion was used to detect the wild type (A1A1), heterozygote (A1A2) or mutant (A2A2) genotypes. Result: The genotype frequencies of NAT2 slow acetylator was 12.8%, 10.9%, 12.8% in group I, group II and control, respectively. The genotype frequencies of GSTM1 null mutation was 55.3%, 41.8%, 53.2% in group I, group II and control, respectively. The genotype frequencies of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism was 16.3%, 9.1%, 18.1% in group I, group II and control, respectively. No significant difference was observed between endometriosis and normal controls in the genotype frequencies of the NAT2, GSTM1, CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism. Conclusion: The NAT2, GSTM1, CYP1A1 gene polymorphism may not be associated with the susceptibility of endometriosis in Korean women.