• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of exposure to organic compounds during aircraft disinfection and seat cover replacement operations. Methods: According to the working schedule, organic compounds were collected using activated carbon tubes and then analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MSD. Results: In the disinfection task, the main substances listed in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) of the disinfectant were not detected. However, 1-bromopropane, which had been used in the previous task of replacing seat covers, was detected at a level of 2.37 ppm at the measurement time. During seat cover replacement, bonding workers were exposed to 2.48 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average, and seat cover replacement workers were exposed to 0.22 ppm. Conclusions: It is necessary to ensure the reliability of MSDS. A work environment management system is necessary when different companies alternate working in the same place.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.196-208
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• 1998

To improve the quality of environmental measurements and evaluation of the workplace air in the pigment manufacturing industries, we analyzed metal(chromium, cadmium, lead, iron, cobalt, manganese, antimony, titanium, arsenic, and selenium) concentrations by ICP-AES in sixty seven samples of inorganic bulk pigments which are produced and/or used in Korea. We also collected MSDS which has to be supplied by manufacturer and/or supplier and posted in the workplace according to the Hazard Communication Standards, and compared the number of metals listed in each MSDS with the number of metals determined by ICP-AES. Results were as followed; 1. Among seventeen yellowish-colored samples, chromium(2~19%) and lead(0.1~61%) were the two major metals. In thirteen reddish-colored samples, iron was the major component with 37~81%. Cobalt and manganese were detected in blue-colored samples with less than 1%, while antimony and titanium were the major two metals in white-colored pigments with 178~300 ppm and with 36~65%, respectively. 2. In area samples collected in workplace air(one pigments producing factory and five retailer stores), iron and manganese were detected but the concentrations not exceeded the TLVs(1 and $5mg/m^3$, respectively). In three of fifteen samples, the concentrations of lead exceeded the TLV ($0.05mg/m^3$). 3. Two out of seven companies provided MSDS, and the average provision rate was 22.4%. And the coincidence rate of the number of metals referenced in MSDS and determined by ICP-AES mostly accorded, but in one sample, different metal was detected from MSDS. In summary, metals have to be concerned in evaluation of the workplace air dealing with compounds of inorganic pigments dust are cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, lead and antimony, and these are simultaneously determined by ICP-AES. Taking this opportunity, it is needed to reinforce that the personnel is to be concerned about prevention of workers' ill health regarding to provision of MSDS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2016

The combustible properties(flash point, explosion limit and autoignition temperature) are the important safety items which are considered in the typical MSDS(material safety data sheet). In this study, for the safe handling of n-butyl methacrylate(n-BMA) being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of n-butyl methacrylate was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of n-butyl methacrylate was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n-butyl methacrylate by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $44^{\circ}C$ and $51^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-butyl methacrylate by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $53^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-butyl methacrylate by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $295^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $44^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.85 vol.%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2000

도장시설은 현재 미국, 유럽, 일본 둥을 포함하여 세계적으로 유기용제를 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 시설중의 하나로 휘발성유기화합물질의 배출원으로 가장 큰 부분을 차지하고 있는 시설이다. 국내에서 도장시설에서의 휘발성유기화합물질의 배출량산정에 관한 구는 미국의 배출계수자료(AP-42)중 도료에 대한 배출계수값과 국내의 도료사용량에 근거하여 몇몇 연구기관에서 산정한 바 있으나, 도장시설을 각 공정별로 구분하고 각 공정에서 사용된 도료중 유기용제의 양을 MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet)자료등을 활용하여 비교적 구체적으로 배출계수 및 배출량을 산정한 경우는 없었다.(중략)

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

Because of the vertical combustion characteristics of combustible substances, accurate substance safety information for their safe use, handling and transportation is essential. The flash point, fire point, explosion limits and autoignition temperature (AIT) are important safety parameters which need special attention in chemical plants and laboratories that handle dangerous materials. In this study, tert-butylbenzene which is widely used as an intermediate material in the chemical industry was selected. For the reliability of the flammable properties of tert-butylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of tert-butylbenzene in the reference data. The flash points, fire points and AITs by the ignition delay time for tert-butylbenzene were experimented. The lower flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $39^{\circ}C$ and $44^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $51^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. And the fire points of tert-butylbenzene by the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were $54^{\circ}C$ and $58^{\circ}C$ respectively. The AIT of tert-butylbenzene measured by the ASTM 659E tester was measured as $450^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit of $39^{\circ}C$ which measured by the Setaflash flash point tester was calculated to be 0.68 vol%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.446-464
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the task-specific hazards of chemicals used by nail technicians in Daegu Metropolitan City. Materials: A total of 30 nail shops located in Daegu City were surveyed to investigate the major tasks and practices performed by nail technicians and the ingredients listed in nail care products used in shops. We also collected instructions for use and material safety data sheets(MSDSs) of nail care products and compared CAS Nos. of ingredients with the lists of chemicals regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act(ISHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA). Results: A total of 125 chemical ingredients were found in 468 nail care products used at the 30 nail shops. The most frequently found ingredients were ethyl acetate(72%), followed by n-butyl acetate(71.8%), isopropanol(56%), benzophenone(51.1%), nitrocellulose(46.4%) and ethanol(45.3%). Comparing six tasks, the task of manicuring used the most products at 222 products containing 91 ingredients. Among the 125 ingredients, there are 31 chemicals with occupational exposure limits(OEL) designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL), eight categorized as carcinogens, one mutagen and two reproductive toxic chemicals. In terms of carcinogens, formaldehyde was identified as the only confirmed human carcinogen(1A). We found that there was one chemical with a permissible limit, one special management substance, 18 workplace monitoring substances and ten special health diagnosis substances regulated by ISHA. For CSCA, nine poisonous substances, six substances requiring preparation for accidents and one restricted substance were identified. Conclusions: Based on these findings, formaldehyde was identified as one of the chemicals that should most strictly be controlled for the protection of the health of nail technicians and customers. At the same time, it is necessary to distribute materials with detailed hazardous information of nail care products for nail shop technicians.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate asbestos handling history of workers at automobile manufacturing plants in Korea. Methods: National regulations on asbestos and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) database on the information of asbestos containing products were reviewed. We investigated asbestos related materials from one automobile manufacturing plant. Material safety data sheets(MSDS) collected in 2010, work environment monitoring results reported from 2000 to 2013, trade union reports and asbestos survey reports were reviewed. We also interviewed workers with long career and did walk-through survey. Results: The Ministry of Labor in Korea has permitted asbestos manufacturing since 1990. In 1997, the use of crocidolite and amosite asbestos were banned. In 2007, the Korean government announced a total ban on the manufacturing, importation and use of all kinds of asbestos, which took full effect in 2009. A total of 174 asbestos products information from KOSHA database was analyzed. Extruded cement panel for building, special brake for crane farm machinery, gasket, joint sheet and thermal insulator were produced until 2007. From automobile manufacturing plant survey, we confirmed that asbestos containing materials(ACM) such as gasket, heating induction materials have been used until 2011. Asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) such as bamlites, slate and ceiling tex were reported at 122 asbestos dismantling projects in 2014. Conclusion: Although the use of all kinds of asbestos were banned from 2009, ACMs and ACBMs installed before 2009 were still found at automobile manufacturing plant until 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, asbestos slates should be managed because most of slates had not been removed until 2014.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

The combustion properties of the flammable substance used in industrial fields include lower/upper flash point, lower/upper explosion limit, autoignition temperature(AIT), fire point, and minimum oxygen concentration(MOC) etc.. The accurate assessment of these characteristics should be made for process and worker safety. In this study, tert-amylalcohol(TAA), which is widely used as a solvent for epoxy resins, oxidizers of olefins, fuel oils and biomass, was selected. The reason is that there are few researches on the reliability of combustion characteristics compared to other flammable materials. The flash point of the TAA was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of the TAA was measured by ASTM 659E. The lower/upper explosion limits of the TAA was estimated using the measured lower/upper flash points by Setaflash tester. The flash point of the TAA by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at 19 ℃ and 21 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the TAA by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at 28 ℃ and 34 ℃, respectively. The AIT of the TAA was experimented at 437 ℃. The LEL and UEL calculated by using lower and upper flash point of Setaflash were calculated at 1.10 vol% and 11.95 vol%, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.376-382
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• 2008

There are many accidents such as fire and explosion in laboratories that have caused a great loss to lives and property in spite of the effort to the enhancement of laboratory safety level for years. Development of laboratory safety management system is a necessary to improve safety level because the accidents of similar types have periodically occurred in laboratories. The laboratory safety management system may reduce many accidents and a serious loss in laboratory. In this study, we summarized major items for a risk management and safety improvement based on the analysis results of various accidents in the laboratories. And then the laboratory safety management system was developed containing a laboratory safety management manual, a laboratory management system, a education management system, a MSDS (material safety data sheet) management system and a laboratory safety audit system. It may have a potential application for the laboratory safety management in the chemical laboratories.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to compare the physicochemical characteristics, toxicological data with Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) of chemicals under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) regulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor of Korea. Methods: Information on chemicals which have OELs on physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data was collected using Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) from Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and the Korea Information System for Chemical Safety Management(KISChem) in 2014. Statistical analyses including correlation and simple regression were performed to compare the OELs with chemical characteristics including molecular weight, boiling point, odor threshold, vapor pressure, vapor density, solubility and octanol-water partition coefficient(OWPC) and toxicological data such as median lethal dose($LD_{50}$) and median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$). Results: A total of 656 chemicals have OELs under OSHA in Korea. The numbers of chemicals which have eight-hour time weighted average(TWA) and short term exposure limits(STEL) are 618 and 190, respectively. TWA was significantly correlated with boiling point and STEL was only correlated with vapor pressure among physicochemical characteristics. Solubility and OWPC between "skin" and "no skin" substances which indicate skin penetration were not significantly different. Both $LD_{50}$ and $LC_{50}$ were correlated with TWA, while the $LC_{50}$ was not with STEL. As health indicators, health rating and Emergency Response Planning Guidelines(ERPG) rating as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) and American Industrial Hygiene Association(AIHA) were associated with OELs and reflect the chemical hazards. Conclusions: We found relationships between OEL and chemical information including physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data. The study has an important meaning for understanding present regulatory OELs.