• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2024

In this paper, we derive the Partial Differential Bond Price Equation (PDBPE) by using Ito's Lemma to determine the pricing of bond on term-structure of interest rate (TSIR) model with jump. From PDBPE, the Maclaurin series (MS) and the moment-generating function (MGF) for the exponential function are used to obtain a numerical solution (NS) of the bond prices. And an algorithm for determining bond prices using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques is proposed, and the pricing of bond is determined through the simulation process. Comparing the results of the implementation of the above two pricing methods, the relative error (RE) is obtained, which means the ratio of NS and MCS. From the results, we can confirm that the RE is less than around 2.2%, which means that the pricing of bond can be predicted very accurately using the proposed algorithms as well as numerical analysis. Moreover, it was confirmed that the bond price obtained using the MS has a relatively smaller error than the pricing of bond obtained by using the MGF.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2021

To study for germination rate of apple artificial seeds encapsulated with 2% alginic acids, the rates of germination for artificial seeds of various embryos with partial elimination of cotyledon measured by adding 80 mg/L gibberellic acid or/and nutritional media. The germination rate of artificial seeds produced embryo with 3/4 cotyledon (3/4 CE), embryo with 1/2 cotyledon (1/2 CE), embryo with 1/4 cotyledon (1/4 CE), and embryo without cotyledon (NCE) were gradually decreased with compare to normal embryo, but it's considerably recovered on the alginic acid containing MS solution or/and 80 mg/L GA3. In special, the low frequency (55.81%) of germination for artificial seeds of 1/2 cotyledon embryo with alginic acid was increased by treatment with combination of alginic acid, 3% sucrose, and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid (98.74%). In case of embryo without cotyledon, the low frequency of embryo without cotyledon (24.44%) in alginic acid almost recovered to 82.45% in alginic acid with MS solution and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid. The results shown that the germination of embryo was decreased by the removal of cotyledon, and demonstrated that the low rate of germination could be considerably increased by adding GA3 (80 mg/L) or/and nutrition.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

Analysis of quinidine for fish tissues using single drop microextraction (SDME) coupled with atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (AP-MALDI-MS) are reported. Optimization conditions; such as extraction solvent, extraction time, pH of the aqueous solution, salt additions (NaCl), stirring rate, matrix type and concentration are investigated. Linear dynamic range (${\mu}M$), limit of detection, relative recovery%, and enrichment factor are 0.08-9.2, 0.05, $94.8{\pm}3.1-98.5{\pm}3.3%$, $4.34{\pm}0.28-4.40{\pm}0.30$, respectively. SDME-AP-MALDI-MS shows good intraday and interday reproducibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

The effects of chlorination on the elimination of three estrogenic chemicals such as $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2), nonylphenol (NP) and bis-phenol A (BPA) were investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay (YTA), estrogen receptor competition assay (ER-CA), and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer (LC/MS). Results of YTA, ECA and the analysis of LC/MS indicated that the estrogenic activity of above mentioned three endocrine disruptors were significantly reduced as the result of chlorination. The decrease in estrogenic activity paralleled with decrease in estrogenic chemicals under the influence of free chlorine. One common characteristic of estrogenic chemicals is the presence of a phenolic ring. Considering that a phenolic ring is likely to undergo some sort of transformation in aqueous chlorination solution, the above mentioned results may be applied to the rest of the other estrogenic chemicals in natural waters.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2013

The effects of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were evaluated on the generation of multiply charged ions of cytochrome c in a 2-nitrophloroglucinol (2-NPG) matrix in high-vacuum, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The presence of 1% TFA in the 2-NPG matrix solution was more effective in generating multiply charged protein ions than matrix solutions containing 0.1% or 0% TFA. Regarding the matrix itself, with 1% TFA, 2-NPG was significantly more effective in generating multiply charged ions than 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB). The maximum charge state of cytochrome c was +8 when using a 2-NPG matrix containing 1% TFA.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.88-98
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• 2001

iMS(Interactive Media Solution) 또는 대화형 미디어 솔루션 프로젝트에서는 대화형, 맞춤형, TVN 서비스를 제공하기 위한 엔드-투-엔드 솔루션을 개발한다. iMS 프로젝트가 개발대상으로 삼는 대화형 서비스는 시청자의 방송참여를 제한적이지만 부분적으로 허용하는 것을 목표로 삼고 있다. 일반적으로 대화형 서비스는 데이터방송을 통해 부가정보를 제공하는 것으로 한정하지만 iMS 프로젝트에서는 그 범위를 더 넓혀 T-커머스를 킬러 애플리케이션으로 삼는다. 데이터표현 규격은 ATSC-DASE(Dase-1) 및 DVB-MHP(버전 1.0) 규격을 기반으로 삼는다. 맞춤형은 시청자가 원하는 서비스를 신속하고 편안하게 받을 수 있도록 지원하는 것을 목표로 삼고 있다. 맞춤형은 마땅한 참조모델이 없지만 TV Anytime 규격을 원용할 예정이다. TVN은 방송과 홈 네트워크를 결합하기 위한 새로운 개념을 말한다. 이 기고문은 이들 서비스의 개념과 목표 및 구현방법 등을 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.620-624
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• 2007

Recently, Gonzalez-Audicana et al. proposed the substitute wavelet intensity (SWI) method which provided a solution based on the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) method for the fusing of panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MS) images. Although the spectral quality of the fused MS images is enhanced, this method is not efficient enough to quickly merge massive volumes of data from satellite. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new SWI method based on a fast IHS transform to implement efficiently as an alternative procedure. In addition, we show that the method is well applicable for fusing IKONOS PAN with MS images.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) was pyrolyzed to eliminate acetic acid of VA unit using off-line pyrolysis, and the deacetylated EVA was analyzed infrared spectroscopy (IR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). EVA film for deacetylation was prepared by solution casting on aluminum foil and it was pyrolyzed at low temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ in the off-line pyrolysis apparatus. After deacetylation, carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) was formed by 1,2-elimination of the VA unit in the EVA backbone. Most of C=C bonds were trans-1,4-unit and 1,2-unit was also observed. Presence of the 1,2-unit in deacetylated EVA indicates that terminal or branch VA units exist in the raw EVA. Py-GC/MS chromatogram of deacetylated EVA displayed much smaller acetic acid and much more abundant other pyrolysis products than that of raw EVA, which means that the pyrolysis efficiency and separation condition were improved.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.527-531
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• 2004

Treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution plays an important role to impart certain desirable properties - feel and luster on the surface of polyester fiber. In this process alkali wastewater contains disodium terephthalate, ethylene glycol (EG) and residual sodium hydroxide. In this paper we report a new method containing the pretreatments of derivatization with benzoyl chloride and solvent extraction using pentane. The calibration curve of EG determined by GC/MS-SIM shows a good linearity in the range of 0.1 to $25{\mu}g/mL$ having the standard deviation of ${\leq}8.7%$. The recovery and the detection limit of this method are 91.9-93.7% and $0.05{\mu}g/mL$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.347-353
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• 2007

Recently, $Gonz\acute{a}lez-Aud\acute{i}cana$ et al. proposed the substitute wavelet intensity(SWI) method which provided a solution based on the intensity-hue-saturation(IHS) method for the fusing of panchromatic(PAN) and multispectral(MS) images. Although the spectral quality of the fused MS images is enhanced, this method is not efficient enough to quickly merge massive volumes of data from satellite. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new SWI method based on a fast IHS transform to implement efficiently as an alternative procedure. In addition, we show that the method is well applicable for fusing IKONOS PAN with MS images.