• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2008

Nine wells have been developed for uses of thermal waters at the Icheon hot spa area. Drilling depths of those hot spring wells range from 166 to 294 m and their piezometric heads are located at about 50 m below the surface. Using the differences between the surface and bottom temperatures within all boreholes, we can simply estimate geothermal gradient in this area. Thus, we obtained the highest, lowest and average gradient values as $64^{\circ}C/km$ from SB-2 well, $45^{\circ}C/km$ from SB-1 well and approximately $54.28^{\circ}C/km$, respectively. However, observing the MRD-2 well additionally drilled into the depth of 996 m, we found out that this study area has widely experienced the temperature disturbance due to thermal groundwater penetration through the fracture systems within the depth of 720 m. Unlikely this phenomenon, we can conclude that the groundwater flow below the depth of 720 m does not exist. Therefore, using only those temperature data below the 720 m depth, we can estimate reasonable geo-thermal gradient values as $33^{\circ}C/km$ in this study area. Pumping test shows that outflowing temperature is $36^{\circ}C$ corresponding to the temperature logging data at 720 m depth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2011

Purpose: Retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) and preseptal fat pad (PSF) are deep fat structures of frontal and supraorbital area, that encounter galeal fat pad (GFP). If galeal wall is weakened by aging process, GFP loses its anchoring structure, moved downward pushing ROOF and PSF. This especially occur in lateral brow area. As a result of drooping, eyebrow affects the eyelid covering PSF as a sac descended to a lateral hooding and ptotic eyelid simultaneously. Consequently, in the case of lateral hooding and brow ptosis, besides the skin, deep fat structures (ROOF and PSF) should be corrected as well. Methods: ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in subbrow resection were performed. 21 cases of patients from April, 2007 to January, 2008. Before surgery, all patients were examined carefully to evaluate the degrees of dermatochalasia, drooping of the eyebrow, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), eyelid crease height. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia, then excised the drooped eyelid skin by lateral subbrow resection, removed proper amount of ROOF, repositioned ROOF-PSF at the supraorbital rim, and fix it on periosteum. During follow up periods, the patients were surveyed of the satisfaction of surgery, and postoperative MRD1 was evaluated. Results: One patient had a hematoma on left eyebrow, and another one patient had a numbness on left forehead for two months. Except for these two patients, all patients had good results without any significant complications. The mean follow up period was about 5 months, and the position of lateral eyebrow maintained above the supraorbital rim in all cases. Postoperatively, MRD1 increased by 0.8 mm in 5-months mean follow up period. Conclusion: In patient with lateral brow ptosis and lateral hooding, the ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in sub-brow resection could be a good operative option.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.238-250
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• 2009

Recurrence of peripheral nerve palsy is unusual, specially in eye. So there's seldom report about recurrent peripheral nerve palsy in eye. We treated a patient who had consecutive oculomotor nerve palsy after recovery of abducent nerve palsy at right eye. The patient visited our clinic for abducent nerve palsy. When he was hospitalized, ophthalmalgia was VAS 4 but it disappeared when he discharged on 21th of June. Although there was, in the case of abduction of eye, no noticeable change during the hospitalization, it was healed after he received outpatient service twice a week until Nov. 3rd. Oculomotor nerve palsy appeared on 24th of November, 2008 and the patient was hospitalized on Nov. 26th. At that time ophthalmalgia was VAS 4, but disappeared when he discharged. When he entered hospital, the length between upper & lower eyelid and MRD 1 were all 0mm. However, when he discharged, the length between upper & lower eyelid was 11mm, and MRD 1, 4mm which were the same lengths as those of the normal left eye. In the case of eye movement, the motion of supraduction, infraduction, and adduction was entirely inhibited when the patient was hospitalized. By the time of discharge, the inhibition of infraduction was recovered after that of adduction, but the inhibition of supraduction was not recovered. This is a very rare case of peripheral nerve palsy, nevertheless he recovered complete twice by acupuncture and herb medicine therapy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2017

Background: Lower eyelid incisions are widely used for the orbital approach in periorbital trauma and aesthetic surgery. In general, the subciliary approach is known to cause disposition of the lower eyelid by scarring the anterior lamella in some cases. On the other hand, many surgeons believe that a transconjunctival approach usually does not result in such complications and is a reliable method. We measured positional changes in the lower eyelid in blowout fracture repair since entropion is one of the most serious complications of the transconjunctival orbital approach. Methods: To measure the positional changes in the lower eyelids, we analyzed preoperative and postoperative photographs over various time intervals. In the analysis of the photographs, marginal reflex distance 2 ($MRD_2$) and eyelash angle were used as an index of eyelid position. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the significance in the positional changes. All patients underwent orbital reconstruction through a transconjunctival incision by a single plastic surgeon. Results: In 42 blowout fracture patients, there was no statistical significant difference in the MRD2 and eyelash angle. Furthermore, there were no clinical complications, such as infection, hematoma, bleeding, or implant protrusion, during the follow-up periods. Conclusion: The advantages of the transconjunctival approach for orbital access include minimal scarring and a lower risk of eyelid displacement compared with other approaches. Based on these results, we recommend the transconjunctival approach for orbital exposure as a safe and reliable method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.171-178
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• 2006

Most approaches for extracting hypernyms of a noun from its definitions in an MRD rely on lexical patterns compiled by human experts. Not only these approaches require high cost for compiling lexical patterns but also it is very difficult for human experts to compile a set of lexical patterns with a broad-coverage because in natural languages there are various expressions which represent same concept. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes a new method for extracting hypernyms of a noun from its definitions in an MRD. In proposed approach, we use only syntactic (part-of-speech) patterns instead of lexical patterns in identifying hypernyms to reduce the number of patterns with keeping their coverage broad. Our experiment has shown that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is 92.37% which is significantly much better than that of previous approaches.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.534-540
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• 2019

This study aimed to report the improvement in a vascular oculomotor nerve palsy patient treated with Korean medicine. A 68-year-old man with vascular oculomotor nerve palsy was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and an herbal medicine (Gangwhalyufung-tang). This case was measured and assessed by the numerical rating scale (NRS), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D), score of diplopia, and ratio of MRD1. The NRS decreased, and the patient showed improvement in EQ-5D, score of diplopia, and ratio of MRD1. Korean medicine treatments are considered helpful in treating diplopia and ptosis due to vascular oculomotor nerve palsy.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.75-82
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• 1997

이글은 한국어 형태소 분석시 발생하는 중의성의 유형에 대해서 논의하고, 그와 같은 여러 유형의 중의성의 발생율을 감소시키기 위한 방법으로써 '어절 정보 사전 시스템'의 구축을 강조하였다. 한국어 문서에 대한 형태소 분석시 발생하는 중의성은, 영어나 유럽어와는 달리, 어휘 형성 정보 뿐아니라 어절 형성 정보, 구문 구조에 관한 부분적인 정보까지도 제공되어야 비로소 해소될 수 있는 경우가 많아 이와 같은 정보를 얻어내기 위해서는 체계적으로 고안된 범용의 사전 (Lexicon)이 필요하다. 여기에서는 접사가 동반되어 구성될 수 있는 '파생 명사(Affixed Noun)'들의 경우에 논의의 범위를 제한하였다. 실제로, 체계적으로 구성된 하나의 파생어 사전은. 주어진 어절에 대한 형태소 분절시 발생할 수 있는 엄청난 수의 중의적 가능성을 해소해 줄 수 있는데. 이와 같은 사전을 구축하기 위해서는 단순어와 접사 사전이 모듈화되어 완성되어야 한다. 같은 방법으로 모든 합성어 유형에 대한 사전이 구축되고, 그러한 기본 형태들에 대한 '변화형' 사전이 결합되면 어절 정보를 갖춘 대용량의 한국어 MRD의 구현이 가능해질 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.290-295
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• 2002

Since thesaurus is used as a knowledge resource in many natural language processing systems, it is very useful and necessary for the high quality systems, especially for dealing with semantics. In this paper, we introduce a semi-automatic method for the construction of Korean noun semantic hierarchy by utilizing a monolingual MRD and an existing thesaurus.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.252-259
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• 2001

의미주석말뭉치는, 문맥에 출현하는 각 어휘의 의미를 특정 사전의 세부의미항목(sense)에 대응시켜 주석함으로써 구축한 말뭉치이다. 이 말뭉치 구축에 있어서의 태그셋은, '연세 한국어 전자사전'의 각 의미기술정보를 기호화하여 사용하였다. 사람에 의한 실제 주석 작업 단계에서, 전자사전 정보의 불완전함 때문에 발생한 문제를 해결함으로써 본래의 사전 정보가 대폭 수정되었다. 즉, 의미 주석 과정에서 문제가 되는 요소에 대한 검토를 통해서 품사 정보, 문법 정보 등을 수정하고 기존 sense를 통합, 추가, 재배열함으로써 기존의 사전 정보를 개선할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 말뭉치와 전자사전, 자연언어 처리 시스템의 활발한 상호 작용을 통해서 언어정보처리 분야 연구의 질적 향상이 가능하다. 나아가, 인간이 직접 판단하여 주석한 대규모의 의미주석말뭉치를 분석하여 응용함으로써 텍스트내의 단어와 전자사전의 세부의미항목을 연결시키는 태거를 개발할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this case study is to show a case of severe neurogenic ptosis due to midbrain infarction improved by acupuncture and Herb-med. Method: This case study has been carried out for a case of ptosis due to midbrain infarction which had been hospitalized at the Bundang CHA Oriental Medical Hospital. We evaluate through Levator function test and measurement of MRD and the distance between upper and lower eyelid. Results: Levator function increase 3.5mm and distance between upper and lower eyelid increase 4mm more than before. The degree of ptosis turned 'fair' state from 'poor' state. Conclusions: We suggest to treat ptosis due to midbrain infarction with acupuncture and Herb-med meaning conservative therapy and would like to research oriental medical treatment plan for the further treatment.