• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

Purpose : To compare fMRIs of visual and auditory word generation tasks, and to evaluate the difference of its activated areas and lateralization according to the mode of stimuli. Materials and Methods : Eight male normal volunteers were included and all were right handed. Functional maps were obtained during auditory and visual word generation tasks in all. Normalized group analysis were performed in each task and the threshold for significance was set at p<0.05. Activated areas in each task were compared visually and statistically. Results : In both tasks, left dominant activations were demonstrated and were more lateralized in visual task. Both frontal lobes (Broca's area, premotor area, and SMA) and left posterior middle temporal gyrus were activated in both tasks. Extensive bilateral temporal activations were noted in auditory task. Both occipital and parietal activations were demonstrated in visual task. Conclusion : Modality independent areas could be interpreted as a core area of language function. Modality specific areas may be associated with processing of stimuli. Visual task induced more lateralized activation and could be a more useful in language study than auditory task.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

Purpose : To compare lumbar disc changes between initial lumbar spine (L-spine) MRI and follow-up (f/u) MRI that were performed due to recurred backaches. Materials and Methods : A total 50 patients who had undergone f/u L-spine MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Five discs (L1-S1) were surveyed in each f/u MRI. Lumbar disc changes were defined as no change, aggravations, or improvements compared to initial disc states. These states were defined on the basis of morphologic status and disc levels. Results : In a total of 250 discs in 50 patients, 31 discs (12.4%) showed morphologic changes of disc lesions, whereas 219 discs (87.6 %) showed no changes. Among the 31 disc lesions, 24 were aggravated and 7 were partially improved. And on the basis of disc status, initially abnormal discs revealed any morphologic changes of the degree of disc herniation. A total of 33.3% of the morphologic changes are noted in initially extruded discs. Fifteen morphologic changes of disc lesions were located at the L4-5 level. Conclusion : Our results suggest that correlations between lumbar disc herniations and back pain symptoms are limited, and that evaluations of extra disc lesions are required.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

Purpose - Consumers have memories of their past time that they have not experienced. So consumers want to experience the past time and get pleasure through historical contents such as movies or dramas. This is because the re-created the past time sets the identity of the consumers who live today, and in the process, it give consumers emotional comfort. Consumers do not remember and sympathize with all of their historical time. In general, consumers remember the time that their communities are proud of. As s result, historical content is seen as a hero, and through that, consumers can check their identity. Also consumers experience positive emotions such as self-esteem, gratitude and pride through identification with heroes. That is, through historical contents, consumers can identify themselves and replace the current negative emotions with positive ones. Therefore, this study presents narrative identity and historical nostalgia that can affect positive evaluation of historical contents and suggest the factors the can induce such effects. This study was conducted to explain what the consumption effect of historical content is from a marketing perspective and what constitutes a component of historical content as a factor driving this effect. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has developed a questionnaire with 8 Hypotheses. The Films ('Masquerade(2012)', 'Roaring Current(2014)', 'Assassination(2015)', 'The Age of Shadow(2016)') and dramas('Six Flying Dragon(2015-2016)', 'Mr. Sunshine(2018-2019)') were used as experimental contents. 268 college students participated in this empirical study, and structural equation model was used to verify hypotheses. Results - Frist, narrative identity affects positive evaluation of historical contents. Nostalgia affect positive evaluation of historical contents. and narrative identity affects positive response of historical nostalgia. Second, character act relevance, circumstance similarity, and character attractiveness have positive influence upon response of narrative identity. Lastly, empathy for story and vividness of representation have also positive influence upon response of historical nostalgia. Conclusion - This study contributes to the theoretical and managemental development of historical contents. This study shows that narrative identity and historical nostalgia are important for success of historical contents. In order for historical content to be successful, it must manage elements of character act relevance, circumstance similarity, and character attractiveness, empathy for story and vividness of representation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9909-9913
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• 2014

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains an important cause of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease worldwide. Treatment of H. pylori infection is one of the effective ways to prevent gastric cancer. However, standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication is no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bismuth and probiotic to standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single center study, H. pylori infected gastritis patients were randomized to receive 7- or 14-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth with probiotic or placebo. Treatment regimen consisted of 30 mg lansoprazole twice daily, 1 g amoxicillin twice daily, 1 g clarithromycin MR once daily and 1,048mg bismuth subsalicylate twice daily. Probiotic bacteria composed of Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. Placebo was conventional drinking yogurt without probiotic. CYP2C19 genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also done. H pylori eradication was defined as a negative $^{13}C$-urea breath test at least 2 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: One hundred subjects were enrolled (25 each to 7- and 14-day regimens with probiotic or placebo). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed 36.7% metronidazole and 1.1% clarithromycin resistance. CYP2C19 genotyping revealed 40.8%, 49% and 10.2% were rapid, intermediate and poor metabolizers, respectively. The eradication rates of 7- or 14 regimens with probiotics were 100%. Regarding adverse events, the incidence of bitter taste was significantly lower in the 7- day regimen with the probiotic group compared with 7- day regimen with placebo (40% vs. 64%; p=0.04). Conclusions: The 7-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth and probiotic can provide an excellent cure rate of H. pylori (100%) in areas with low clarithromycin resistance such as Thailand, regardless of CYP2C19 genotype. Adding a probiotic also reduced treatment-related adverse events.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1399-1405
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• 2001

Objectives : Gliomatosis cerebri is an uncommon primary brain tumor characterized by diffuse neoplastic proliferation of glial cells, with the preservation of the underlying cytoarchitecture. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical features, outcome of surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy of gliomatosis cerebri. Methods : Between Jan. 1990 and Dec. 2000, 12 patients were diagnosed with gliomatosis cerebri based on characteristic radiological and histological findings. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 77(mean 44) years and the male to female ratio was 7 : 5. Nine patients underwent decompressive surgery and three, biopsy only. Postoperative radiation therapy was given in all cases except three. In addition to radiation therapy, four patients received chemotherapy. The mean duration of follow-up period was 18.8 months. Results : The most common presenting symptom were seizure and motor weakness. The mean duration of symptom was 5.9 months. There was 5 bilateral lesions and tumor involved corpus callosum in 5, basal ganglia-thalamus in 4, and brain stem in 2. There was no operative mortality but four patients died during the follow-up. The mean survival period for 11 patients was 20.5 months from the time of diagnosis. In univariate analysis, the lesion involving corpus callosum, basal ganglia-thalamus and brain stem correlated significantly with the short length of survival(p<0.05). Also, postoperative radiation as a adjuvant therapy prolonged the patient's survival(p<0.05). Conclusions : In the management of gliomatosis cerebri patients, early detection by MR imaging, active management of increased intracranial pressure, decompressive surgical removal and postoperative adjuvant therapy such as radiation is thought to be a good treatment modality.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.373-382
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• 2000

Temporomandibular disorders arised from joint itself was caused by inflammation or mechanical irritation of the retrodiskal tissues. Histologic changes of the retrodiskal tissues of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) internal derangement, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, hyalinization, myxoid change, fatty change, arterial obliteration, and so on, were reported, but relationships between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings and histologic findings of the retrodiskal tissue were few reported. The purpose of this study was to find histologic changes of the retrodiskal tissues for status of joint and joint effusion in MRI of the temporomandibular joint which had surgical treatment. Materials were surgically treated 52 temporomandibular joints with internal derangement or osteoarthritis in TMJ clinic, Yongdong Severance Hospital. All joints were confirmed by magnetic resonance T1- and T2-weighted imagings bofere surgery. Status of joint was categorized by normal position, disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis using preoperative MR T1-weighted images. Magnetic resonance evidence of joint effusion was observed in T2-weighted images and classified by its amount; degree 0(not observed), degree 1(small amount), degree 2(moderate amount), degree 3(large amount). Histologic features were observed whether the retrodiskal tissue has inflammatory cell infiltration, myxoid change, hyalinization, chondroid metaplasia and arterial obliteration. The distribution of elastic fibers were also observed. The results were as follows; 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration was not observed in any retrodiskal tissues. 2. MRI findings such as status of joint and evidence of joint effusion did not have significant relationship with myxoid change, hyalinization, chondroid metaplasia, arterial obliteration of the retrodiskal tissues. 3. Hyalinization and chondroid metaplasia were found in 8 joints(15.4%) and 5 joints(9.6%). All of them were found in disc displacement without reduction and disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis. 4. Arterial obliteration was observed more frequently in disc displacement without reduction(55.6%) than disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis(28.6%). Further studies with proper controls and more materials will be necessary.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI performed after excisional biopsy to diagnose residual cancer and additional lesions. Materials and Methods : A total of 16 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed by excisional biopsy underwent preoperative breast MRI between March 2005 and August 2007 were included. MRI findings were considered positive for residual cancer if focal, thick, or irregular rim enhancement or adjacent enhancing lesion was identified around the postoperative biopsy cavity. And additional lesions separated from biopsy cavity including multifocal, multicentric, or contralateral lesion were evaluated. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, comparing MRI with histopathologic finding, and the impact of MRI on surgical planning. Results : The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting residual disease considering rim enhancement were 85.7%(6/7) and 55.6%(5/9). Additional lesions including multifocal, multicentric, or contralateral lesion were found in 6 patients. In 7 patients, results of MRI findings changed surgical treatment planning. Conclusion : The pattern of rim enhancement on MRI after excisional biopsy is not differential point to evaluate remnant lesion. But MRI has an important role to help the detection of multifocal or multicentric, or contralateral breast malignancies, resulting in beneficial change in surgical treatment planning.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

Purpose: Deficits of the respiratory chain are reported to be the major cause of Leigh syndrome is said to be the underlying causes. The need for biochemical diagnosis to draw more accurate diagnosis or prognosis to support treatments is rapidly increasing. This study tried to analyze the aspects of clinical characteristics and biochemical diagnosis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC) defect in Leigh syndrome, using methods of biochemical enzyme assay. Methods: We included total number of 47 patients who satisfied the clinical criteria of Leigh syndrome and confirmed by biochemical diagnosis. All those patients went through muscle biopsy to perform biochemical enzyme assay to analyze MRC enzyme in order to find the underlying cause of Leigh syndrome. Results: MRC I defect was seen in 23 (48.9%) cases taking the first place and MRC IV defect in 15 (31.9%) following it. There were 9 (19.2%) cases of combined MRC defect. Combined cases of type I and IV were detected in 7 (14.9%) patients while type I and V in 2 (4.3%). The onset age of symptom was less than 1 year old in 28 (59.6%). The most common early symptom, observed in 23 (48.9%), was delayed development, but there were other various neurological symptoms observed as well. In regard with the disease progression, 35 (74.5%) patients showed slowly progressive course, the one that progressed continuously but slowly over 2 years of period. As for Maximum motor development, 22 (46.8%) were bed-ridden state, most of them suffering serious delayed development. Patients showed various symptoms with different organs involved, though neuromuscular involvement was most prominent. Delayed development was seen in all cases. Multifocal lesion in brain MRI study was seen in 36 (76.6 %) cases, taking a greater percentage than 11 (23.4%) cases with single lesion. In MR spectroscopy study, the characteristic lactate peak of mitochondrial disease was identified in 20 (42.6%) patients. Conclusions: Further analysis of clinical and biochemical diagnosis on more extended group of patients with Leigh syndrome will enable us to improve diagnostic precision and to understand the natural course of mitochondrial disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.34-39
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• 1995

최근 승용차의 급격한 수요증가와 더불어 차량의 승차감 개선에 많은 관심이 집중되면서, 저진동 저소음 차량에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 연구의 일부로서, 수치해석법 및 진동실험에 의하여 복잡한 전체 구조물을 해석할 경우, 계산기의 기억용량, 계산시간, 비용이 많이 들게 되고, 한번 해석을 행한 구조물을 부분적으로 변경할지라도 전체의 계산을 다시 수행해야만 한다. 그래서, 복잡한 전체 구조물을 몇 개의 부분구조물로 나누어, 분계의 특성에 맞게 각기 수치해석법이나 모달실험을 적용한 후, 다시 합성하는 방법이 제시되었는데, 이것이 부분구조합성법이다. 이 방법을 사용하면, 유한요소 모델링이 쉬운 분계와 실험이 쉬운 분계를 서로 구분하여 각기 해석한 후 합성함으로써, 각 분계의 특성에 맞는 효율적인 해석을 수행할 수가 있다. 지금까지의 연구를 살펴보면, 유한요소해석에 의한 모드합성법에서는 Hurty가 구속모드법을 제안한 이래, 불구속모드법, 주종계법 등 많은 연구가 있었으나, 실험모달해석을 병행할 경우에는 결합부에서의 회전자유도의 처리문제, 특성 행렬의 동정문제, 많은 절점으로부터 데이타를 얻어야 하는 등의 어려움이 있었다. 이러한 문제를 개선시켜서 Hermanski등은 회전자유도가 보간된 모드합성법(interpolated mode synthesis, IMS)을 연구하여, 적은 실험데이타만을 사용하면서 단순지지 보에 적용함으로써 타당성을 입증하였다. 한편, 차체는 복잡한 부분구조물들로 이루어져 있으므로, 본 연구에서는 유한요소모델링의 용이함, 실험의 간편성, 계산의 효율성등을 추구하며, 실험과 유한요소해석을 병행한 부분구조합성법을 차량의 BIW(body in white)에 적용하는 방법을 연구하게 되었다. 그 기본연구로서 실험과 유한요소해석을 병행하여 회전자유도를 보간하는 방법을 먼저 단순한 판구조물에 적용을 하고, 나아가 실제 BIW를 축소하여 자체 제작한 모형차에 적용시켜 보았다.물은 분계 A(16개의 사각요소)와 분계 B(8개의 사각요소)로 이루어져 있으며 두개의 스프링으로 결합되어 있다. 설계변수는 강성에 국한하였으며 결합부의 결합형태는 탄성결합과 강결합으로 하였다. 감도해석과 축소임피던스 합성법에 의해 구해진 고유진동수와 FRF를 상용 유한 요소 해석 패키지인 MSC/NASTRAN을 통하여 검증하여 이 연구의 타당성을 검토하였다.인풋기어에서의 회전수 변동을 측정하고, 이 실험 데이타를 기초로 하여 엔진 토크 및 변속기에서의 드래그 토크를 계산하여 엔진-변속기 인풋기어의 반한정계 2자유도 진동모델과 비틀림 특성을 가진 클러치 디스크의 프리댐퍼 영역에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 클러치 비틀림 기구의 설계인자인 비틀림 강성, 히스테리시스 토크에 따른 비틀림 진동 저감 효과를 연구하고자 한다.성을 확인하였다. 여기서는 실험실 수준의 평 판모델을 제작하고 실제 현장에서 이루어질 수 있는 진동제어 구조물에 대 한 동적실험 및 FRS를 수행하는 과정과 동일하게 따름으로써 실제 발생할 수 있는 오차나 error를 실험실내의 차원에서 파악하여 진동원을 있는 구조 물에 대한 진동제어기술을 보유하고자 한다. 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows a fluences on both inflection field and the maximum relaxivity value. Th

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.82-82
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• 2010

We measure the topology of the galaxy distribution using the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7), examining the dependence of galaxy clustering topology on galaxy properties. The observational results are used to test galaxy formation models. A volume-limited sample defined by Mr<-20.19 enables us to measure the genus curve with amplitude of G=378 at 6h-1Mpc smoothing scale, with 4.8% uncertainty including all systematics and cosmic variance. The clustering topology over the smoothing length interval from 6 to 10h-1Mpc reveals a mild scale-dependence for the shift and void abundance (A_V) parameters of the genus curve. We find strong bias in the topology of galaxy clustering with respect to the predicted topology of the matter distribution, which is also scale-dependent. The luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering topology discovered by Park et al. (2005) is confirmed: the distribution of relatively brighter galaxies shows a greater prevalence of isolated clusters and more percolated voids. We find that galaxy clustering topology depends also on morphology and color. Even though early (late)-type galaxies show topology similar to that of red (blue) galaxies, the morphology dependence of topology is not identical to the color dependence. In particular, the void abundance parameter A_V depends on morphology more strongly than on color. We test five galaxy assignment schemes applied to cosmological N-body simulations to generate mock galaxies: the Halo-Galaxy one-to-one Correspondence (HGC) model, the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, and three implementations of Semi-Analytic Models (SAMs). None of the models reproduces all aspects of the observed clustering topology; the deviations vary from one model to another but include statistically significant discrepancies in the abundance of isolated voids or isolated clusters and the amplitude and overall shift of the genus curve. SAM predictions of the topology color-dependence are usually correct in sign but incorrect in magnitude.