• 제어로봇시스템학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 증류탑 제어 구조의 선택과 선택된 조작변수를 이용한 조성제어 전략에 대하여 고찰해 보았다. 제어구조 설계시 증류탑의 양끝에서 물질 수지와 에너지 수지제어를 조합해 주는 두 파라미터에 의해, 예상되어지는 제어구조를 동적 구조 변환 기법을 사용하여 쉽게 분석할 수 있으며, Combined balance 방법으로부터 시작하여, 증류탑에 대한 3가지의 새로운 방법을 소개하였다. 제어구조를 결정하는데 ITAE와 같은 닫힌 루프 성능지표에 기초한 최적 combined balance 구조는 multiloop dual 조성 제어에 대해 다른 구조보다 뛰어난 성능을 보이고 있다. 이 방법은 새로운 증류탑의 제어구조를 설계할 때나, 기존의 증류탑 성능을 향상시키는 데에 사용할 수 있다. 이상과 같이 제어구조가 결정된 후 사용할 수 있는 여러 가지 제어전략을 소개하였다. 제어전략의 선택은 사용자의 목적에 따라 적절한 것을 선택하면 되는데, 대부분의 경우는 적당한 제어구조를 Combined balance 구조로서 결정하게 되면 간단한 형태의 전통적 제어기를 사용해도 무방하며 제어구조의 선택이 선행되지 않으면 MPC와 같은 고급 제어전략을 사용하여 상호작용 등에 의하여 생기는 문제를 해결하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1116-1127
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• 2016

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2008

Drivers are becoming more fatigued and uncomfortable with increase in traffic density, and this condition can lead to slower reaction time. Consequently, they may face the danger of traffic accidents due to their inability to cope with frequent gear shifting. To reduce this risk, some drivers prefer automatic transmission (AT) over manual transmission (MT). The AT offers more superior drivability and less shifting shock than the MT; therefore, the AT market share has been increasing. The AT is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), which provides better shifting performance. The transmission control unit (TCU) is a higher-value-added product, so the companies that have advanced technologies end to evade technology transfer. With more cars gradually using the ECU, the TCU is expected to be faster and more efficient for organic communication and arithmetic processing between the control systems than the l6-bit controller. In this paper, the model of an automatic transmission vehicle using MATLAB/Simulink is developed for the Hardware in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation with a 32-bit embedded system, and also the AT control logic for shifting is developed by using MATLAB/Simulink. The developed AT control logic, transformed automatically by real time workshop toolbox, is loaded to a 32-bit embedded system platform based on Freescale's MPC565. With both vehicle model and 32-bit embedded system platform, we make the HIL simulation system and HIL simulation of AT based on real time operating system (RTOS) is performed. According to the simulation results, the developed HIL simulator will be used for the performance test of embedded system for AT with low cost and effort.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2023

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an advanced control approach that uses the current states of the system model to predict its future behavior. In this article, according to the seismic dynamics of structural systems, the Predictive Functional Control (PFC) method is used to solve the control problem. Although conventional PFC is an efficient control method, its performance may be impaired due to problems such as uncertainty in the structure of state sensors and process equations, as well as actuator saturation. Therefore, it requires the utilization of appropriate estimation algorithms in order to accurately evaluate responses and implement actuator saturation. Accordingly, an extended PFC is presented based on the H-ifinity (H∞) filter (HPFC) while considering simultaneously the saturation actuator. Accordingly, an extended PFC is presented based on the H-ifinity (H∞) filter (HPFC) while considering the saturation actuator. Thus, the structural responses are formulated by two estimation models using the H∞ filter. First, the H∞ filter estimates responses using a performance bound (𝜃). Second, the H∞ filter is converted into a Kalman filter in a special case by considering the 𝜃 equal to zero. Therefore, the scheme based on the Kalman filter (KPFC) is considered a comparative model. The proposed method is evaluated through numerical studies on a building equipped with an Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) under near and far-field earthquakes. Finally, HPFC is compared with classical (CPFC) and comparative (KPFC) schemes. The results show that HPFC has an acceptable efficiency in boosting the accuracy of CPFC and KPFC approaches under earthquakes, as well as maintaining a descending trend in structural responses.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.546-552
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• 2010

As the demands for the safety and convenience applications of the vehicles increase, the data load for the In-vehicle Network has increased significantly. As a result, a deterministic and fault-tolerant communication system is required to implement the safety critical applications such as X-by-wire systems. FlexRay communication system is a new standard of network communication system which provides the high speed serial communication, time triggered bus and fault tolerant communication between electronic devices. In addition to time-triggered communication, as providing of the event-triggered communication such as CAN, FlexRay protocol is able to manage the restricted communication resource more effectively. This paper presents the development of FlexRay driver which will be applied to the future ECU's communication system. To develop the FlexRay driver, the FlexRay requirement specification and FlexRay specification is analyzed. The developed FlexRay driver is implemented by using MPC5567 microprocessor of the Freescale semiconductor. To verify the developed FlexRay driver, the waveform of the FlexRay driver was measured and compared with the CAN communication system. As a result, the bus load is reduced about 13% compared with the CAN communication system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2006

Manufacturing technology for the production of high value-added fine chemical products is emphasized and getting more attention as the diversified interests of customers and the demand of high quality products are getting bigger and bigger everyday. Thus, the development of advanced batch processes, which is the preferred and most appropriate way of producing these types of products, and the related technologies are becoming more important. Therefore, high-precision batch distillation is one of the important elements in the successful manufacturing of fine chemicals, and the importance of the process operation strategy with quality assurance cannot be overemphasized. Accordingly, proposing a process structure explanation and operation strategy of such processes including batch processes and batch distillation would be of great value. We investigate optimal operation strategy and production planning of multi-purpose plants consisting of batch processes and batch distillation for the manufacturing of fine chemical products. For the short-term scheduling of a sequential multi-purpose batch plant consisting of batch distillation under MPC and UIS policy, we proposed a MILP model based on a priori time slot allocation. Also, we consider that the waste product of being produced on batch distillation is recycled to the batch distillation unit for the saving of raw materials. The developed methodology will be especially useful for the design and optimal operations of multi-purpose and multiproduct plants that is suitable for fine chemical production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2013

In vitro에서 흑마늘과 쑥 추출분말 및 이들의 비율별 혼합물 3종(MPA, 95:5; MPB, 90:10; MPC, 85:15, w/w%)의 생리활성을 비교하였다. 또한 7 brix 흑마늘 추출물(BE), 0.7 brix 쑥 추출물(ME), 이들을 부피비로 95:5(MA), 90:10(MB) 및 90.25:4.75 혼합물에 사과 추출물과 자일리톨을 각각 2%와 3%를 첨가한 음료(MC)를 흰쥐에게 4주간 급이한 후 24시간 구속스트레스를 부과하여 생체내 지질 성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. In vitro에서 흑마늘 추출물과 쑥 추출물의 혼합물(MPA, MPB, MPC)은 쑥 추출물의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 흑마늘 추출물(RS1), 쑥 추출물(RS2), 혼합물 MA(RS3), MB(RS4) 및 MC(RS5)를 각각 1%씩 흰쥐의 식이에 첨가 급이한 결과 식이섭취량은 RS1군에서 가장 높았으며, 체중 증가량과 식이효율은 실험군 간에 유의차가 없었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤의 함량은 구속 대조군(RSC군)에 비해 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮은 함량이었으며, RS3~RS5군 간에는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 중성지질의 함량은 RS3~RS5군이 RS1과 RS2군보다 유의적으로 높은 수준이었다. HDL-C 및 LDL-C 함량, 동맥경 화지수(AI), 심혈관질환 위험지수(CRF)는 RS3~RS5군 간에 유의차가 없었다. AST 및 ALP 활성은 RSC군에 비해 실험군들에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 간 조직의 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 RSC군에 비해 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮았고, 중성지방 함량은 RS1군만이 유의적으로 낮은 함량이었다. 간 글리코겐 함량은 RSC군에 비해 RS2와 RS3군이 유의적으로 높았고, 그 외 실험군에서는 유의차가 적었다. 지질과산화물 함량은 RSC군에 비해 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, RS3과 RS5군이 유사한 수준이었다. 본 연구결과에서 흑마늘 추출물, 쑥 추출물, 혼합물 및 개발 음료의 급이는 스트레스 부과로 증가될 수 있는 체내 지질 수준의 감소에 효과적이었다. 또한 각 물질의 단독 급이보다 혼합물의 급이시 더 효과적인 것으로 나타나 혼합물을 이용한 개발음료는 현대인의 복잡하고 다양한 스트레스 발생 시 생체대사 조절에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

미세조류는 바이오연료를 생산하기 위해 필요한 성분인 지방질의 생산성이 우수하기 때문에 바이오연료의 유망한 원료로서 최근 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 이러한 미세조류의 성장 속도와 미세조류 내부의 지방의 함량이 최대가 되도록 하기 위한 목적으로, 미세조류의 성장과 지방의 생성을 설명하는 제일원리(first principle)에 근거한 상미분방정식(ODE) 모델에 대하여 조사하였다. 모델은 6개의 상태변수와 12개의 파라미터로 이루어져 있으며, 미세조류의 성장을 영양분의 흡수와 흡수된 영양분에 의한 성장으로 두 단계로 나누어 설명한 Droop 모델의 가정을 따른다. 본 연구에서는 민감도 분석(Sensitivity analysis)을 위한 최대의 정보를 줄 수 있는 입력 신호를 결정하기 위해 D-optimality criterion을 이용한 최적 입력 설계(Optimal input design)를 수행하였으며, 구하여진 입력 신호를 적용하여 민감도 분석을 수행하여 모델에 좀 더 중요한 파라미터를 결정하였다. 또한 미세조류의 성장속도와 지방의 함량이 최대가 되도록 하기 위하여 모델 예측 제어(MPC)를 수행하였다.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Polymer multilayered hydrogels were prepared on a titanium alloy (Ti) substrate using a layer-by-layer (LBL) process to load a cell growth factor. Two water-soluble polymers were used to fabricate the multilayered hydrogels, a phospholipid polymer with both N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) units and 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) units [poly(MPC-co-DMAEMA-co-VPBA) (PMDV)], and the polysaccharide alginate (ALG). PMDV interacted with ALG through a selective reaction between the VPBA units in PMDV and the hydroxyl groups in ALG and through electrostatic interactions between the DMAEMA units in PMDA and the anionic carboxyl groups in ALG. First, the Ti substrate was covered with photoreactive poly vinyl alcohol, and then the Ti alloy was alternately immersed in the respective polymer solutions to form the PMDV/ALG multilayered hydrogels. In this multilayered hydrogel, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was introduced in different layers during the LbL process under mild conditions. Release of VEGF from the multilayered hydrogels was dependent on the location; however, release continued for 2 weeks. Endothelial cells adhered to the hydrogel and proliferated, and these corresponded to the VEGF release profile from the hydrogel. We concluded that multilayered hydrogels composed of PMDV and ALG could be loaded with cell growth factors that have high activity and can control cell functions. Therefore, this system provides a cell function controllable substrate based on the controlled release of biologically active proteins.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.350-360
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• 2000

In Korea, the dose limits are reduced and are set at the ICRP-60 iimits. However, derived limits tabulated as MPC in air and water are still specified in Notice No.98-12. There are some discrepancies between the primary dose limits and MPCs in air and water. Therefore, in order to accept ICRP-60 recommendations fully, derived limits such as ALI, DAC, ECL for radiological protection against ionizing radiation based on ICRP-60 recommendations were calculated using modified methods of those of 10 CFR part 20, dose limits and committed effective dose coefficients of the Basic Safety Standards of the IAEA. The derived limits in this study were also compared with those prescribed in 10 CFR part 20 as well as MPCs of Notice No. 98-12 in order to analyze the impact of implementing derived limits on nuclear facilities. ECLs in air and water for the control of radioactive discharge into the environment in this study are shown to have lower values (i.e. more conservative), for most part, than those in Notice No. 98-12. Especially, for uranium elements, ECLs in water are approximately a magnitude in the order of two lower than those in Notice No.98-12.