• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.967-970
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• 2005

The Music Player MAF Player Format of ISO/IEC 23000-2 FDIS consists of MP3 data, MPEG-7 metadata and one optional JPEG image data based on MPEG-4 File Format. However, the current Music Player MAF format does not allow multiple JPEG image data or timed text data. It is helpful to use timed text data and multiple JPEG images in the various multimedia applications. For example, listening material for the foreign language needs an additional book which has text and images, the audio contents which can get image and text data can be helpful to understand the whole story and situations well. In this paper, we propose the detailed file structure in conjunction with MPEG-4 File Format in order to improve the functionalities, which carry multiple image data and text data with synchronization information between MP3 data and other resources.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.473-476
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 32비트 MCU RISC 프로세서를 사용하여 MPEC 오디오 복호화기를 소프트웨어의 구현하였다. 구현된 MPEC 오디오 복호화기는 MPEC-2 Layer-III (MP3)와 MPEC-2 AAC 로 구성된다. 프로그래밍 가능한 소프트웨어로 구현하여 향후 성능 개선이나 새로운 기능을 추가할 수 있는 유연성을 극대화하였다. 복호화기 구현은 구현 시간과 비용을 고려하여 직접 어셈블리를 코딩하는 대신 최적화된 C 코드를 사용하여 컴파일하는 방법을 선택하였다. 이때 발생할 수 있는 성능 저하 요소들을 줄이기 위해 추가의 최적화 과정을 수행하여 성능을 개선하는 방법을 제시하였다. 구현된 복호화기의 출력 음질은 ISO 13818-4 compliance test 결과 Full compliance 를 만족하였다. 또한 연산량 최적화 결과 MP3 와 AAC 테스트 비트열에 대해 모두 35 MHz 이하의 동작 주파수로 동작이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Digital watermarking techniques are attracting attention as a proper solution to protect copyright for multimedia data. This paper proposes a new audio watermarking method based on Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) for copyright protection. In our proposed watermarking method, the original audio is transformed into DCT domain and divided into two parts. Synchronization code is applied on the signal in first part and 2 levels DWT domain is applied on the signal in second part. The absolute value of DWT coefficient is divided into arbitrary number of segments and calculates the energy of each segment and middle peak. Watermarks are then embedded into each middle peak. Watermarks are extracted by performing the inverse operation of watermark embedding process. Experimental results show that the hidden watermark data is robust to re-sampling, low-pass filtering, re-quantization, MP3 compression, cropping, echo addition, delay, and pitch shifting, amplitude change. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme shows low error probability rates.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.308-316
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a robust digital copyright-protection technique based on the concept of human auditory system. First, we propose a watermarking technique that accepts the various attacks such as, time scaling, pitch shift, add noise and a lot of lossy compression such as MP3, AAC WMA. Second, we implement audio PD(portable device) for copyright protection using proposed method. The proposed watermarking technique is developed using digital filtering technique. Being designed according to critical band of HAS(human auditory system), the digital filers embed watermark without nearly affecting audio quality. Before processing of digital filtering, wavelet transform decomposes the input audio signal into several signals that are composed of specific frequencies. Then, we embed watermark in the decomposed signal (0kHz~11kHz) by designed band-stop digital filer. Watermarking detection algorithm is implemented on audio PD(portable device). Proposed watermarking technology embeds 2bits information per 15 seconds. If PD detects watermark '11', which means illegal song. PD displays "Illegal Song" message on LCD, skips the song and plays the next song, The implemented detection algorithm in PD requires 19 MHz computational power, 7.9kBytes ROM and 10kBytes RAM. The suggested technique satisfies SDMI(secure digital music initiative) requirements of platform3 based on ARM9E core.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

Since the introduction of MP3 players, CD recordings have gradually been vanishing, and the music consuming environment of music users is shifting to mobile devices. The introduction of smart devices has increased the utilization of music through music playback, mass storage, and search functions that are integrated into smartphones and tablets. At the time of initial MP3 player supply, the bitrate of the compressed music contents generally was 128 Kbps. However, as increasing of the demand for high quality music, sound quality of 384 Kbps appeared. Recently, music content of FLAC (Free License Audio Codec) format using lossless compression method is becoming popular. The download service of many music sites in Korea has classified by unlimited download with technical protection and limited download without technical protection. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology is used as a technical protection measure for unlimited download, but it can only be used with authenticated devices that have DRM installed. Even if music purchased by the user, it cannot be used by other devices. On the contrary, in the case of music that is limited in quantity but not technically protected, there is no way to enforce anyone who distributes it, and in the case of high quality music such as FLAC, the loss is greater. In this paper, the author proposes an audio watermarking technology for copyright protection of high quality stereo music. Two kinds of information, "Copyright" and "Copy_free", are generated by using the turbo code. The two watermarks are composed of 9 bytes (72 bits). If turbo code is applied for error correction, the amount of information to be inserted as 222 bits increases. The 222-bit watermark was expanded to 1024 bits to be robust against additional errors and finally used as a watermark to insert into stereo music. Turbo code is a way to recover raw data if the damaged amount is less than 15% even if part of the code is damaged due to attack of watermarked content. It can be extended to 1024 bits or it can find 222 bits from some damaged contents by increasing the probability, the watermark itself has made it more resistant to attack. The proposed algorithm uses quantization in DCT so that watermark can be detected efficiently and SNR can be improved when stereo music is converted into mono. As a result, on average SNR exceeded 40dB, resulting in sound quality improvements of over 10dB over traditional quantization methods. This is a very significant result because it means relatively 10 times improvement in sound quality. In addition, the sample length required for extracting the watermark can be extracted sufficiently if the length is shorter than 1 second, and the watermark can be completely extracted from music samples of less than one second in all of the MP3 compression having a bit rate of 128 Kbps. The conventional quantization method can extract the watermark with a length of only 1/10 compared to the case where the sampling of the 10-second length largely fails to extract the watermark. In this study, since the length of the watermark embedded into music is 72 bits, it provides sufficient capacity to embed necessary information for music. It is enough bits to identify the music distributed all over the world. 272 can identify $4*10^{21}$, so it can be used as an identifier and it can be used for copyright protection of high quality music service. The proposed algorithm can be used not only for high quality audio but also for development of watermarking algorithm in multimedia such as UHD (Ultra High Definition) TV and high-resolution image. In addition, with the development of digital devices, users are demanding high quality music in the music industry, and artificial intelligence assistant is coming along with high quality music and streaming service. The results of this study can be used to protect the rights of copyright holders in these industries.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2002

In this paper, an implementation example of Java based MPEG-4 system that follows MPEG-4 standard protocols in order to provide multimedia-messaging service is introduced. The multimedia-messaging service is a wireless LAN based wired and wireless service that delivers multimedia contents including video and audio information. Detailed Methods to develop a MPEG-4 system like technology of MPEG-4 system implementation, definition for wired and wireless multimedia service, DMIF implementation, and mp4 file Parsing are described.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.413-418
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• 2006

개인용 미디어 단말로서 MP3 플레이어는 이제 음악 파일을 감상하기 위한 일상 생활에서 중요한 휴대 필수품이 되었으며 단순히 음악을 재생하는데 그치지 않고, 각종 정보들을 표시하기 위한 작은 화면이 부착되고 있으며 더 나아가 이미지 정보나 동영상을 표현할 수 있는 기능들이 추가 되고 있다. 이처럼 변화하는 멀티미디어 서비스에 발맞추어 MPEG 에서는 Multimedia Application Format (MAF) (ISO/IEC 23000) 라는 새로운 표준안을 제안하였다. MAF 표준안의 기본 방식은 산업 현장 및 사용자의 요구에 빠르게 부응하기 위해, 기존에 존재하는 표준안들을 결합시켜 새로운 멀티미디어 파일 포맷을 정립하였다. 그 첫 번째 결과물로서, 이미 널리 쓰이고 있는 MP3 파일 포맷에 새로운 기능을 추가하기 위한 Music Player MAF 포맷의 FDIS 가 제안되었다. Music Player MAF 는 MPEG-1 Audio Layer III(MP3) 와 MPEG-7 MDS 메타데이터 정보를 결합한 파일 포맷으로. 기존 ID3 태그에서 표현되는 정보 보다 훨씬 풍부한 메타데이터 정보와 더불어 선택적으로 하나의 JPEG 이미지를 포함한 형태로 이루어져 있다. 그러나, 현재의 파일 포맷은 시간이 고려되지 않은 하나의 JPEG 이미지만을 포함할 수 있기 때문에, 오늘날 사용자가 요구하는 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기에는 많은 한계점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Music Player MAF FDIS 에 제안된 세가지 형태의 Music Player MAF 파일 포맷에 관해 기술 한다. 복수의 JPEG 이미지 및 텍스트를 저장하기 위하여 각각의 파일 포맷이 갖는 문제점을 언급하고 하나 이상의 JPEG 이미지와 자막 정보를 MP3 음악 정보와 동기화 시켜 추가 할 수 있는 기능을 추가를 제안한다. 또한 제안된 파일 포맷을 쉽게 생성할 수 있도록 기존의 XMT-O 스키마를 기반으로 MAF 를 위하여 새롭게 MAF XMT 스키마를 정의하고 정의된 스키마를 기반으로 구현된 Music Player MAF 의 저작툴과 제안된 확장 뮤직 플래이어 MAF 을 위한 재생툴을 구현한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.208-214
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• 2005

A number of watermark insertion method is proposed for the protection of audio contents such as MP3 music. In this paper, we propose a VLSI architecture that performs embedding watermark to the audio signal based on the scheme that proposed by XUEYAO LI[1]. This architecture is implemented and simulated in Verilog HDL. This watermark embedding method used a visually recognizable binary image. Despite a unit that determines the watermark embedded intensity is removed to archive low complexity of H/W, our experimental results show that watermarked signal is perceptually transparency and robust to several known attacks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2002

본 논문은 손실 압축(lossy compression)에 강인한 오디오 워터마킹(audio watermarking) 기술을 제안한다. 제안된 워터마킹 기술은 온라인으로 유통되고 있는 MP3, AAC, WMA, RA, ATRAC 등과 같은 대부분의 오디오 압축 포멧으로 변형되더라도 삽입된 정보를 검출할 수 있다. 실험 결과 BER 이 9% 이내로 오류 정정 코드 (error correction code)를 이용해서 삽입 정보를 100% 검출 가능하였다.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2004

This study is expected to discuss some methods regarding the uplift of user's use convenience and the efficiency of material management by constructing the multimedia database through the digitalization of the especial audiotape-typed materials among accompanying materials. In order to do that, this paper dealt with the present management conditions of accompanying materials, the sorts of audio data formats, data format transformation, the methods of administration and utilization, etc. And this paper also presented the expected effect and problems caused by multimedia databases construction of accompanying materials.