• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2011

Temporal and spatial variations of primary productivity were investigated in the estuary of Youngsan River and Mokpo coastal areas in 2009. After heavy rain, concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, and silicate increased at six stations in August. The torrential rainfall may cause an increase in nutrient concentrations during summer. There is no limitation of nutrients (except for February at the mid-Youngsan estuarine region YS2) but a potential phosphate limitation was apparent at all stations. Silicate depletion was observed at YS2 in February due to a massive diatom bloom. The trophic status of the Youngsan estuary and Mokpo coastal areas were inferred from an assessment of the primary productivity. In February and May, YS1 (upper Youngsan estuary site) and YS2, YS3 (near the Youngsan river estuary barrage), MP1 (upper Mokpo coastal region site) were appropriately assigned to the mesotrophic category. MP2 (mid-Mokpo coastal region site) and MP3 (outer site of Mokpo coastal region) were assigned to the oligotrophic category. All stations were classified to the oligotrophic status in November. In August, after heavy rain, Youngsan estuary stations maintained mesotrophic status. On the other hand, MP1 and MP2 were classified in the eutrophic category and MP3 to mesotrophic status. In particular, primary productivities of MP1 and MP2 were 9 and 7 times higher respectively than the standard of eutrophic status ($1,000-mgC\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$). These results suggest that a massive freshwater discharge from the Youngsan River estuary should be considered a main factor in the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom in Mokpo coastal areas during summer. Seasonal variations of primary productivity are closely related with depth-integrated Chl. a.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.965-968
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• 2001

최근 초고속 통신망을 이용한 인터넷의 대중화와 더불어 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 전자상거래가 활발해지고 있다. 특히 인터넷을 통한 MP3 데이터 등의 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 유통은 많은 연구의 대상이 되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 AOD(Audio On Demand) 시스템들은 실질적인 불법복제방지와 저작권 보호에 미흡한 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 에이전트를 이용하여 실질적인 불법복제방지와 저작권을 보호하는 AOD 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 사용자의 시스템에 에이전트를 설치하여 정식 사용자를 인증하고 해당 사용자키로 암호화되어 전송된 MP3 데이터를 재생함으로써 전송 도중 제 3 자로부터의 공격에 대응할 수 있고, 정당한 사용자 외에는 MP3 데이터를 사용하지 못하도록 함으로써 사용자와 판매자의 권리를 보장한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.827-830
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• 2002

90년대 말부터 출시되어온 MP3CD Player들은 일반 음악 CD들이 10 여곡에서 많게는 20 여곡 정도의 분량을 가지고 있는것에 비해 MP3 포멧의 음악 CD 가 그 분량이 최고 100 여곡 이상임에도 불구하고 기존의 일반 음악 CD Player의 UI를 소극적으로 수정, 변경하여 사용하고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 자체적인 곡 분류방법을 제시하고 있는 'H'사의 MP3CD Player 를 선정하여 이를 기준으로 기능 및 정보 구조를 분석하고 사용성 평가를 위한 사용자를 선별하여 초기 디자인에 참여시켜 사용자 중심 디자인을 극대화 시키는 방법을 모색하였다. 또한 기 제품의 최초 기능 분석시에는 카드인덱스(Card Index)방식을 이용하여 기능을 그룹핑하고 인터페이스를 개선하였으며 이를 토대로 프로토타입을 완성하였다. 이를 사용자가 직접 조작하는 방식을 관찰 분석하여 평가 결과를 토대로 UI 디자인 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2017

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) belongs to Luteovirus and is limited only at phloem related tissues. An open reading frame (ORF) 4 of BYDV codes for the movement protein (MP) of BYDV gating plasmodesmata (PD) to facilitate virus movement. Like other Luteoviruses, ORF 4 of BYDV is embedded in the ORF3 but expressed from the different reading frame in leaky scanning manner. Although MP is a very important protein for systemic infection of BYDV, there was a little information. In this study, MP was characterized in terms of subcellular localization and programmed cell death (PCD). Gene of MP or its mutant (ΔMP) was expressed by Agroinfiltration method. MP was clearly localized at the nucleus and the PD, but ΔMP which was deleted distal N-terminus of MP showed no localization to PD exhibited the different target with original MP. In addition to PD localization, MP appeared associated with small granules in cytoplasm whereas ΔMP did not. MP associated with PD and small granules induced PCD, but ΔMP showed no association with PD and small granules did not exhibit PCD. Based on this study, the distal N-terminal region within MP is seemingly responsible for the localization of PD and the induction small granules and PCD induction. These results suggest that subcellular localization of BYDV MP may modulate the PCD in Nicotiana benthamiana.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of moringa powder enrichment in sponge cake. The developed product can be a promising inclusion in the functional foods. Moringa powder was added to sponge cake batter (in the ratios of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12% of the total flour), called MP3, MP6, MP9, and MP12 respectively. The effect of moringa supplementation on physical, chemical and sensory quality of cakes were evaluated and analyzed statistically using SPSS program. The pH of cake was decreased as the concentration of moringa powder added. The specific volume of cake samples decreased with increasing levels of moringa powder in the formulation. Colour measurements showed that lightness and yellowness were decreased with an increased level of moringa powder. But redness result revealed and increasing in redeness with the increasing morigna powder level, compared to the control sample. The results of texture profile analysis showed hardness, springness, cohesiveness of the moringa cake that were higher than control sample. In sensory evaluation, MP3 was selected as the most acceptable sample. In the conclusion, moringa powder was incorporated in the formulation to enrich sponge cakes and was suggested for development of functional foods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.190-193
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• 2013

Before Smartphone releases, playing music form previous cellphone is very limited, so we need mp3 player instead. However, when Smartphone releases, a function of playing multimedia became one of the important things in Samrtphone including all functions of mp3 player. Even though it is easier to use since you can play music and multimedia in one device, it still has problem issues on the sound quality. This thesis will discuss about functions of EQ from Smartphone music players. After that, we will to achieve high fidelity sound through balance adjustment of Right Mark Audio Analyzer program.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.10C
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• pp.1451-1459
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• 2004

In this paper, a low-power 32-point IMDCT structure is proposed for MP3. Through re-odering of IMDCT matrices, we propose the systolic structure operating with 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 cycle, respectively. To reduce power consumption, multiplication of each sub blocks are implemented by add and shift operation with CSD(Canrmic sigled digit) form coefficients. To reduce, furthermore, the number of adders, we utilize the common sub-expression sharing techniques. With these techniques, the relative power consumption of the proposed structure is reduced by 58.4% comparison to the conventional structure using only 2's complement form coefficient. Validity of the proposed structure is proved through Verilog-HDL coding.

• Digital Contents
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• no.1 s.140
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• pp.74-77
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• 2005

MP3플레이어(MP3P)를 비롯해 CD플레이어, MD플레이어 등 최근 출시되는 휴대형 음향기기들은 점차 그 성능이 향상되고 복합화 · 다기능화 돼감에 따라 소비자들의 선택의 폭이 넓어지고 있다. 레인콤은 동영상을 감상할 수 있는 CD 방식 멀티미디어 플레이어‘아이리버 IMP—1100’을 세계 최초로 출시했다. 이 제품은 기존 MP3 CD플레이어에 26만 컬러 2인치 LCD화면을 추가, 동영상 재생 및 전자앨범 기능을 결합한 디지털 컨버전스 신개념의 휴대형 멀티미디어 CD플레이어다. 아이콘 · 메뉴를 컬러화 했음은 물론, 야외 휴대 시에도 ASF ·AVI 동영상파일 및 디지털사진들을 감상할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.709-711
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• 1999

오늘날에 이르러 이동(mobile) 컴퓨팅의 중요성은 점차로 증가하는 추세에 있다. 하지만 이를 지원하기 위한 어플리케이션의 개발은 미진한 상태에 머물러 있으며, 특히 이동 컴퓨터를 위한 멀티미디어 서비스는 몇몇 기술적인 문제로 인하여 거의 제공도지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 무선 LAN으로 구성된 이동 네트워크상에서 실시간 오디오 서비스를 제공하기 위한 MP3 Audio Decoder를 설계, 구현함으로써 이동 컴퓨팅 응용의 폭을 넓힌다. 그리고 이를 위한 몇 가지 고려사항과 관련 기술들을 서술하고, 구현된 프로그램의 실행 결과를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2001

본 논문은 심리음향모델과 주파수변환을 이용하여 MP3 와 AAC 의 압축에서 강인하게 살아남을 수 있는 디지털 오디오 워터마킹 알고리즘에 관한 것이다. 워터마크를 의사난수열이나 이미지 등 외부 정보를 이용하지 않고 원본음악으로부터 생성시킨다는 것이 본 논문의 가장 큰 특징으로 원본 오디오로부터 생성된 워터마크는 음악과 융합되어 워터마크의 삽입여부를 일반인의 청각으로는 인식할 수 없다.