• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1020-1025
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• 1998

Mn-Mo-Ni 저합금강의 중성자 조사에 따른 기계적(미세경도, 인장, 샤피충격시험) 및 자기적(포화자화, 보자력, 잔류자화, Barkhausen Noise(BN)진폭, BN에너지) 성질 변화를 측정하여 이들의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 기계적 성질시험 결과, 중성자 조사로 인하여 항복강도, 인장강도, 미세경도 및 천이온도($T_{41J}$)는 증가하였고 최대흡수에너지(USE)는 감소하였으며, 인장 시험의 경우 용접금속에서는 모재와 비교했을 때 큰 변화가 없었다. 자기적 성질을 측정한 결과, 잔류자화, BN진폭, BN에너지는 감소하였고 보자력은 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기계적.자기적 성질변화의 상관관계에서 자기적성질인 보자력 증가에 따라 천이온도, 항복강도, 경도는 증가하고 USE는 감소하였고, BN진폭의 경우는 보자력과 반대의 경향을 보였다. 본 실험에서 중성자조사로 인한 기계적.자기적 성질변화가 일관성 있는 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였고, 이들의 변화를 통해 조사손상을 평가하는 데 이용 가능하다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1471-1474
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• 1998

ZnO Varistor with composition of ZnO, $Bi_2O_3$, $Sb_2O_3$, CoO, NiO, $MnO_2$, $Cr_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3$ was fabricated by sintering methods. The purpose of this paper is to present certified voltage-current test data and a summary of electrical characteristics of the ZnO varistors.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1997

정화 효율과 운영상의 문제점을 파악하였다. 반응조 유입수 및 방류수에 대하여 현장에서 pH 및 Eh(산화환원전위)를 측정하였고 Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al 및 Mn 등을 실험실에서 분석 하였다. 반응조 방류수에 대한 수질분석 결과 우분 및 석회석이 섞인 볏짚 반응조의 Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Al, Mn및 Pb의 정화효율(최대)은 98%, 100%, 99%, 100%, 97%, 61% 및 100%였고 이때 반응조의 수질환경은 pH 6 그리고 Eh 값이 -300 mV부근의 환원환경이었다. 그러나 시간이 경과함에 따라 Eh 값은 상승하였고 Al을 제외한 금속성분의 정화효율도 낮아져 반응조의 혐기환경유지는 금속성분의 정화에 매우 중요하였다. 반응조 시설을 운영한 결과 배관내의 산화물 Scale 및 기질물질의 부피 변화는 광산배수의 흐름을 방해하는 요소로 나타났다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2010

In this study, we investigate the effects of austempering heat treatment on the processing window and mechanical properties in cast and hot-rolled Fe-0.7 C-2.3 Si-0.3 Mn steel. Each specimens were austenitised at $900^{\circ}C$ for 7 min, and austempered at $260^{\circ}C,\;320^{\circ}C$, and $380^{\circ}C$ for the various periods of time from 2 min to 240 min. After heat treatment, the evaluation of stage I and stage II as performed by optical metallography, XRD, hardness test. Both cast and hot rolled specimens had similar processing window. So grain size effect is not important to the austempered high carbon high silicon cast steel. When the austempering temperature was $260^{\circ}C$, the microstructure consisted of the lower ausferrite while the upper ausferrite structure was formed at $380^{\circ}C$. As the austempering temperature increases from 260 to $380^{\circ}C$, the strength and hardness decreased, elongaton and volume fraction of austenite increased. In addition, there was no change of mechanical properties between cast and hot-rolled specimens.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2002

In order to clarify hot cracking phenomena occurred in Inconel 690 welds and it's prevention, in this study, the cracking behavior and the influence of welding variables on cracking in Inconel 690 overlay welds on Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo steel(SA 508 cl.3) for pressure vessel were investigated by using mock-up test. The main results are as follows: The cracks in Inconel 690 overlay welds were mainly generated near the start and the end part of welding beads adjacent to STS 309L welded outside of Inconel 690 welds. Most of the cracks showed typical solidification crack, and also it was assumed that there was possibility of liquation cracking in HAZ. The existence of Nb constituents or concentration of Nb was recognized on the fracture facets of the solidification cracks in the welds by SMAW. Therefore Nb was considered to be the main factor of the solidification cracking. As the weld heat input was more increased and the weld bead length was longer, the extent of cracking was more increased. Moreover the extent of cracking was considerably decreased by changing of welding sequence to the start and the end part of welds. Hot cracking in welds by GTAW was considerably decreased as compared with that of SMAW. And cracks were well generated in the Inconel 690 overlay welds adjacent to 575 309L welds. This means that the hot cracking susceptibility of Inconel 690 welds was largely varied by chemical components and/or compositions of filter metals, base metals and neighboring welds.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1168-1171
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• 2003

In contrast to a conventional transformer, the flat transformer is made using a number of small ferrite cores. Two cores for transformer and one core for inductor, which composed one module. Many modules can be connected together to form a flat matrix transformer. This structural arrangement eliminates the single hot spot problem in conventional transformers and permits high current density pertains at high frequency. In this study, the ferrite magnetic cores of Mn-Zn system for the Flat transformer were manufactured and the electrical and magnetic characteristics of its tested. The power loss of sample FO2(Mn-Zn ferrite) sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ was $350kW/m^3$ in test conditions of 250kHz, 200mT and $100^{\circ}C$, which showed the good power loss property in high frequency. The power loss of FO2 samples has been studied as a function of magnetic flux density and frequency. Steinmetz exponent was 2.82 at 250kHz and 2.73 at 500kHz. These results illustrated the switching of power loss mechanism in ferrite core from hysteresis losses to eddy current losses or others.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제35D권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1998

The ZnS:Mn thin film electroluminescent(TFEL) devices fabricated by ALE system were investigated. Yellow-orange light emission was observed when the applied voltage exceeded 134 V and luminance increased sharply as the applied voltage increased. Luminance of 568 Cd/c $m^{2}$ was obtained under 1 KHz sinusoidal voltage wave application at the peak applied voltage of 230 V. The peak wavelength of the emissionwas 577 nm. The C-V, Q-V, $Q_{t}$ - $F_{p}$ , L- $Q_{cond}$, and V- $Q_{pol}$ have been measured under theapplication of the trapezoidal wave with its pulse width varying 0 to 75 .mu.sec. The phoshor and the insulator capacitance of the TFEL device under test were 24.3 nF/c $m^{2}$ and 9 nF/c $m^{2}$, respectively. It was observed that the threshold voltage changed from 137V to 100V as the pulse width varied from 0 to 75 .mu.sec. The L- $Q_{cond}$ characteristics showed that the light emission increased in proportion to the $Q_{cond}$. The luminance increased from 386 Cd/ $m^{2}$ to 607 Cd/ $m^{2}$ when the $Q^{+}$$_{cond}$ increased from 1.3 .mu.C/c $m^{2}$ to 2.3 .mu.C/c $m^{2}$. The V- $Q_{pol}$ characteristics showed that the V was inversely proportional to $Q_{pol}$./. th/ was inversely proportional to $Q_{pol}$./. pol/./.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1990

Effects of grain size and cold rolling degree on shape memory ability and transformation temperature were studied in Fe-35% Mn-6% Si shape memory alloy. Md point of the alloy was determined by variation of yield stress with test temperature. The Md point measured in this way was linearly increased with increasing grain size. Shape memory ability of the alloy was decreased with increasing grain size, showing a minimum value at around $63{\mu}m$, and then increased with increasing grain size. From this result, it was concluded that the shape memory ability in the grain size smaller than a critical value is controlled by amount of retained ${\gamma}$ and prior ${\varepsilon}$ phase, but that the shape memory ability in the grain size greater than the critical value is mainly dominated by grain boundary area in unit volume of parent phase. The shape memory ability was decreased with increasing deformation degree. This was because the ${\gamma}$ content being available for the formation of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite during bending was decreased with increasing deformation degree.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 2010

The multi-component olivine cathode material, $LiMn_{1/3}Fe_{1/3}Co_{1/3}PO_4$, was prepared via a novel coprecipitation method of the mixed transition metal oxalate, $Mn_{1/3}Fe_{1/3}Co_{1/3}(C_2O_4){\cdot}2H_2O$. The stoichiometric ratio and distribution of transition metals in the oxalate, therefore, in the olivine product, was affected sensitively by the environments in the coprecipitation process, while they are the important factors in determining the electrochemical property of electrode materials with multiple transition metals. The effect of the pH, atmosphere, temperature, and aging time was investigated thoroughly with respect to the atomic ratio of transition metals, phase purity, and morphology of the mixed transition metal oxalate. The electrochemical activity of each transition metal in the olivine synthesized through this method clearly was enhanced as indicated in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. Three distinctive contributions from Mn, Fe, and Co redox couples were detected reversibly in multiple charge and discharge processes. The first discharge capacity at the C/5 rate was $140.5\;mAh\;g^{-1}$ with good cycle retention. The rate capability test showed that the high capacity still is retained even at the 4C and 6C rates with 102 and $81\;mAh\;g^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

A good fluidity of high strength Al-alloys is required to cast thin wall castings needed to reduce the weight of cast parts. The fluidity, measured as the length to which the metal flows in a standard channel, is affected by many factors, such as the pouring temperature, solidification type of the alloy, the channel thickness, melt head, mold materials and temperature, coating etc. Therefore the experimentally measured fluidity scatters very much and makes it difficult to estimate the fluidity of a melt with a few measurements. The effect of Ti content and grain refinement on the fluidity of high strength aluminum alloy was investigated with a test casting with 8 thin flow channels to reduce the scattering of the fluidity results. The fluidity of Al-4.8%Cu-0.6%Mn Al-6.2%Zn-1.6%Mg-1.0%Cu and well-known commercial aluminum alloy, A356 was tested. Initial content of Ti was varied from 0 to 0.2wt% and Al-5Ti-B master alloy was added for grain refinement. The flow length varied linearly with superheat. By adding Ti and Al-5Ti-B, the fluidity increased. The grain size decreased by adding grain refiner at the same time. The fluidity depended on the degree of grain refinement. The fluidity of the alloy solidifying in mushy type is improved by grain refinement, because grain refinement increases the solid fraction at the time of flow stoppage.