• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1159-1170
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• 2020

In this study, to improve the stability of fermented squalene developed using microorganisms, Microsome-SQ20 was prepared, and its physical behavior, properties, and efficacy were studied. The appearance of Microsome-SQ20 was a transparent liquid, no smell, and had a specific smell. The color was a transparent liquid, and the specific gravity was 0.928 and the pH was 5.82 (20% solution), forming a nano-emulsion suitable for use in cosmetics. It was confirmed that the content of the main component of squalene was 20.05%, which was stably sealed. The particle size measured by 0.1% aqueous solution of Microsome-SQ20 was 134.8 nm to obtain a bluish emulsified phase. The antioxidant effects of F-SQ and MF-SQ by DPPH radicals were 80.72% and 81.5%, respectively, showing superior effects compared to L-ascorbic acid. The cell viability of squalene (SQ), fermented squalene (F-SQ) and microsome squalene (MF-SQ) was at 10 ppm, respectively, showing 121.2%, 150.3%, and 129.9% cell viability. It was found that SQ, F-SQ, and MF-SQ had an elastase inhibitory ability of 8.7%, 10.33% and 8.7% at 10 ppm, respectively. In addition, the inhibitory ability of MMP-1 was 1.55%, 41.44%, 31.79% at 10 ppm for SQ, F-SQ, and MF-SQ, respectively, indicating that F-SQ significantly reduced the MMP-1 expression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2020

Methyl linderone (ML), a cyclo-pentenedione, was isolated from the fruit of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino (family Lauraceae). This plant has well-known anti-inflammatory effects; however, the anti-cancer effects of ML have not yet been reported. Thus, in the present study we investigated the effects of ML on the metastasis of human breast cancer cells. We used 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated MCF-7 cells as the cell model to study the effects of ML on invasion and migration. ML was found to reduce the invasion and migration rate of TPA-stimulated MCF-7 cells. Moreover, it inhibited two metastasis-related factors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), at the mRNA and protein expression levels, in TPA-treated MCF-7 cells. The mechanism by which ML exerted these effects was through the inhibition of translocation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), mediated via phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, our findings indicated that ML attenuated the TPA-stimulated invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK and its downstream factors, AP-1 and STAT3. Therefore, ML is a potential agent for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is a negative factor that induces skin damage, inflammation, and aging. UVB irradiation induces the inflammatory response through interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. In addition, it induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which plays an important role in collagen 1 degradation in the extracellular matrix. We investigated the antiaging effects of five kinds of berry in human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells using juice of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blueberry wild (Vacciniun angustifolium) and cultivar (Vacciniun corymbosum), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott), and mulberry (Morus abla). HaCaT cells irradiated with UV-B exhibited increased ROS generation, as well as IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 gene expression, when compared to the control cells that were not irradiated with UV-B. However, pre-treatment of berry juice before UV-B irradiation significantly down-regulated the UV-B-induced ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine and MMP-1 expression. The results suggest that all berries have anti-aging effects including lowering inflammatory cytokine levels, ROS generation, and MMP-1 expression in HaCaT cells during UV-B irradiation.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.124-125
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• 2003

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

The elderly suffer from an impaired immune function being obvious in a higher susceptibility to infections. Although the inflammatory cells are the major immunomodulatory cells, fibroblasts also secrete a variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Therefore periodontal tissue aging might playa role in development and progress of periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the effect of in vitro periodontal ligament cellular aging on the inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloprotease(MMP)-2 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) treatment. Three different cell populations were used; passages 4-5, 14-15, and 24-25 (at passage 27, more than 90% cells were replicative senescent). LPS increased the expression of interleukin(IL)-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, IL-8, RANTES, and MMP-2. However, the order of induction folds were passages 14-15 > 4-5 > 24-25. While the expression level of Toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 decreased according to the increase in passage number, the level of TLR2 was highest at passages 14-15 and then decreased at passages 24-25. While the spontaneous expression of IL-8 decreased according to the increase in passage number, that of RANTES and proMMP-2 increased according to the increase in passage number. These results suggest that the aging of periodontal ligament fibroblasts differentially affect the role as immunomodulatory cells in response to periodontopathic bacteria and therefore might be another risk factor of periodontitis progression.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.742-754
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 초기 및 중등도 치주염 환자에서 전동칫솔을 사용할 경우 임상 지수의 향상 정도와 치주원인균의 정량적 감소 효과를 12주의 연구 기간 동안 평가하는 것이다. $25{\sim}55$세의 환자 80명을 대상으로 12주 동안 진행하였으며, 치태지수 0.5 이상, 치은지수 0.5 이상을 나타내는 대상에서 일반 칫솔 혹은 전동칫솔 ($Sonicare^{(R)}$ Elite, Philips Oral Healthcare Inc., Snoqualmie, Washington, USA) 사용 군을 임의로 선정하였다. 하루 2회, 매 회 2분 간 사용하고, 각 군의 칫솔 사용을 교육하였다. 임상지수는 치태지수 (PI; Silness & $L{\ddot{o}}e$), 치은지수 (GI; $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness), 탐침 후 출혈 부위 (%), 치주낭 깊이 부착소실을 초진 1, 4, 12주에 측정하였다. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), MMP-8과 치은연하치태샘플에서 채취한 4 종류의 치주원인균 (Actinomyces visco년, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis, Tannerella forsythensis)에 대한 16S rRNA test는 초진, 1주, 12주에 측정하였다. 측정 결과 전동칫솔과 일반 칫솔 모두 임상지수의 유의한 감소가 나타났으며, 치은지수는 일반칫솔에 비해 전동칫솔에서 감소효과가 통계적으로 더 우수하게 나타났다 (p<0.001). 탐침 후 출혈의 감소는 전동칫솔에서 76.73%, 일반칫솔에서 44.57% 정도로 전동칫솔 군이 더 우수하게 나타났다. 치주낭 깊이 감소는 초진에 비해 전동칫솔 군에서 18.55%, 일반칫솔 군에서 14.81% 정도로 나타났으며, 초진과 비교하였을 때 부착수준의 향상 정도는 전동칫솔 25.24%, 일반 칫솔 16.94% 정도로 두 군 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었다 (p < 0.001). 두 군 모두 IL-1 beta, MMP-8 농도의 감소가 있었으며, 치주원인균 중 A.viscosus, P.gingivalis, T.forsythensis 역시 두 군 모두에서 초진에 비해 12주에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으나, S.sanguis는 전동칫솔 군에서만 12주에 유의한 감소가 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 12주 간의 연구 기간 동안 초기 및 중등도 치주염 환자에서 소니케어 전동칫솔의 사용은 임상지수 및 치주 원인균 감소에 통계적으로 유의한 개선 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2019

The antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkle activity of Spirodela polyrhiza extracts and fractions were evaluated to determine its efficacy as a functional cosmetic material. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activities were 44.2 and 74.3%, respectively, at 100 ㎍/mL of SE-E (the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract). To measure anti-wrinkle effects, procollagen biosynthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibition activity were determined. At 25 ㎍/mL of SE (70% ethanol extract), the biosynthesis activity was 48.5%, and SE-E showed the best activity (57.8%) at the same concentration. MMP-1 inhibition activity of SE and SE-E was 13.4 and 28.5%, respectively, at 25 ig/mL. Finally, the inhibition of cellular melanin synthesis and cellular tyrosinase were measured to determine the whitening effect; at 25 ㎍/mL, the inhibition activities of SE were 9.6 and 13.8%, respectively, and those for SE-E were 15.4 and 22.0%, respectively. Our results confirmed the possibility of SE and SE-E as effective functional materials. Further research investigating the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of S. polyrhiza is necessary to confirm its potential use in the food, cosmetics, and drug industries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.8
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• 2024

This study was performed to assess the antiapoptotic effect of canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treated on the canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) under cold ischemic conditions. The effect of preventing apoptosis of cMSCs was evaluated in the apoptotic condition induced by cold ischemic injury in vitro. To determine the progression of apoptosis, the changes in cell nucleus were observed using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence staining. In addition, we examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 activity. When the cold hypoxic injury was applied to cMSCs, the apoptotic change was observed by DAPI staining, mitochondrial staining for MMP, and caspase-3 assay. PRP significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation of apoptotic cells in control groups were observed by DAPI staining. The MMP was recovered by the treatment of PRP. In addition, when the luminescence intensity was measured for caspase-3 activity, the value was significantly higher in the PRP treated groups than the control groups. The results of this study showed that the PRP may have a beneficial effect on apoptosis induced by cold ischemic injury.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2087-2093
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• 2012

Previous evidence showed ${\beta}1$, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (${\beta}3GnT8$), which can extend polylactosamine on N-glycans, to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tissues, indicating roles in tumorigenesis. However, so far, the function of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in laryngeal carcinoma has not been characterized. To test any contribution, Hep-2 cells were stably transfected with sense or interference vectors to establish cell lines that overexpressed or were deficient in ${\beta}3GnT8$. Here we showed that cell proliferation was increased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ overexpressed cells but decreased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ knockdown cells using MTT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that change in ${\beta}3GnT8$ expression had significant effects on tumor growth in nude mice.We further provided data suggesting that overexpression of ${\beta}3GnT8$ enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at both the mRNA and protein levels, associated with shedding of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase TIMP-2. In addition, it caused increased production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$), whereas ${\beta}3GnT8$ gene knockdown caused the reverse effect. The results may indicate a novel mechanism by which effects of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in regulating cellular proliferation are mediated, at least in partvia targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-${\beta}1$ in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. The finding may lay a foundation for further investigations into the ${\beta}3GnT8$ as a potential target for therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2023

Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, primarily because of treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the role of paracrine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the antagonistic expression of IL-8 and androgen receptor (AR), and the contribution of IL-8 to prostate cancer aggressiveness. In hormone-responsive LNCaP cells that do not express IL-8, recombinant IL-8 treatment significantly increased expressions of IL-8, CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9, Snail, and vimentin. IL-8 treatment significantly decreased AR and E-cadherin expression. IL-8-induced gene expression changes were suppressed by navarixin, a CXCR1/2 inhibitor, and gallein, a Gβγ inhibitor. In PC-3 androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells, IL-8 knockdown reduced expressions of CXCR2, MMP-2/9, Snail, and vimentin, and increased AR and E-cadherin expressions at the mRNA and protein levels. Co-culture with MEG-01 human megakaryocytic cells secreting high levels of IL-8 induced gene expression changes in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells, similar to those induced by IL-8 treatment. The altered gene expressions were accompanied by significant activation of transcription factor Snail in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment with the CXCR blocker navarixin inhibited the invasion of PC-3 cells but not LNCaP cells. However, invasion induced by MEG-01 was inhibited by navarixin in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The collective findings demonstrate that IL-8 enhances CXCR2 expression, which antagonistically regulates AR expression. More importantly, through changes in IL-8/CXCR2-regulated gene expression, IL-8 induces antiandrogen therapy resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer.