• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2012

밭 재배면적이 증가하면서 토양내 수분함량에 따른 적정관개가 작물생산성에 중요한 역할을 기 때문에 손쉽게 농가에서 포장의 토양수분함량을 파악하고 대처하는 것이 중요하다. 본 시험은 농경지에서 간단한 일 기상자료와 관개이력으로 물 수지 및 토양수분함량을 일단위로 추정하기 위하여 AFKAE0.5 토양수분추정모형을 개발하고 이를 검증을 하고자 하였다. 다양한 토양의 특성을 단순화 하기 위해 대상토양을 300mm의 균일한 토양으로 가정하였고 대상 토양지하에서 물 이동을 정의하기 위하여 토양수분장력에 따른 3개의 수분영역을 설정하여 투수량과 상승량을 산출하여 물 수지에 반영하였다. 토양 물수지에서 투입요인으로는 강우, 관개, 수분 상승량을 설정하였고 산출요인으로는 증발산, 유거, 투수량을 설정하여 모형을 개발하였다. 각 요인의 물량 산출을 위한 추정모형은 문헌 및 보고서를 이용하여 작성하였으며 모형을 검증하기 위해 공주지역 고추포장을 대상으로 작부기간 동안 AFKAE0.5 모형을 이용하여 모의하여 물 수지를 산출하였으며 모형의 검증을 위하여 실제 포장에서 층위별 센서를 이용하여 측정한 토양수분함량 변화 값을 비교하였다. 대상 포장에 대해 AFKAE0.5 모형의 모의 결과 투입부분으로 연간 강우, 관개, 수분상승량은 각각 1,043, 0, 207 mm이었으며 산출요인으로 증발산, 유거, 투수량은 각각 831, 309, 161 mm로 산출되어 투입된 물보다 산출된 물의 양이 88 mm 많았다. 또한 작부기간중 증발산량에 대해 지하에서 상승하는 수분량이 24.7%에 해당되어 건조기에 지하에서 모세관 등을 통해 상승하는 양도 상당한 것을 알 수 있었다. 작부기간 중 토양수분 측정값과 AFKAE0.5 모형의 모의 값과 토양수분함량의 변화를 일별로 비교한 결과 포화 되었을 때의 수분함량이 유사하였으며 건조에 따른 수분함량 일별 감소비율이 매우 유사하게 나타나고 있어 모형이 적합한 것으로 평가되었다. 개발된 AFKAE0.5 토양 물수지 및 수분추정 모형은 농가에서 손쉽게 자가 포장에 대한 기본적인 영농이력을 알고 있으며 포장의 수분상태를 알 수 있고 적정관개를 할 수 있는 유용한 도구로서 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2022

This paper presents the minimum submergence depth of an underwater vehicle that can remove the effect of free surface on the resistance of the underwater vehicle. The total resistance of the underwater vehicle in fully submerged modes comprises only viscous pressure and friction resistances, and no wave resistance should be present, based on the free surface effect. In a model test performed in this study, the resistance is measured in the range of 2 to 10 kn (1.03-5.14 m/s) under depth conditions of 850 mm (2.6D) and 1250 mm (3.8D), respectively, and the residual resistance coefficients are compared. Subsequently, resistance analysis is performed via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the free surface effect based on various submergence depths. First, the numerical analysis results in the absence of free surface conditions and the model test results are compared to show the tendency of the resistance coefficients and the reliability of the CFD simulation results. Subsequently, numerical analysis results of submergence depth presented in a reference paper are compared with the model test results. These two sets of results confirm that the resistance increased due to the free surface effect as the high speed and depth approach the free surface. Therefore, to identify a fully submerged depth that is not affected by the free surface effect, case studies for various depths are conducted via numerical analysis, and a correlation for the fully submerged depth based on the Froude number of an underwater vehicle is derived.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 I-125 (35 keV) 와 Tc-99m (140 keV)에 대해 고해상도를 지닌 SPECT 영상을 동일한 검출기로 획득하는 방법을 제시하였고, 이를 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션 코드인 DETECT2000과 GATE를 이용하여 검증하였다. 제안된 검출기는 두께 3.0 mm의 CsI (Tl) 블록형 섬광체와 하마마츠사의 H8500C PSPMT로 이루어져 있다. 35 keV 감마선을 방출하는 I-125 핵종을 영상화할 때는 두꺼운 섬광체를 사용 할 경우, 일반적인 앵거방법으로는 빛 퍼짐이 많아지기 때문에 내인성 공간분해능이 저하되지만, 최대우도 함수와 색인테이블을 사용하여 감마선 반응 위치를 추적하면 내인성 공간분해능을 향상시킬 수 있다. DETECT2000 시뮬레이션 결과 1.0 mm 이내의 내인성 공간분해능을 획득하였다. 140 keV를 방출하는 Tc-99m를 영상화할 경우에는 I-125 전용인 1.0 mm 두께의 섬광체를 사용하였을 경우보다 3.0 mm 두께의 섬광체를 사용하였을 때 2.3배 이상 향상된 민감도를 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 검출기의 장점은 저에너지의 I-125 선원에 대해 상대적으로 두꺼운 섬광체를 사용하더라도 최대우도함수를 사용하기 때문에 분해능의 감소가 없다는 점과 Tc-99m 선원에 대해 민감도의 저하가 적다는 점이다. 본 연구에서 제안한 검출기를 사용하면 고에너지와 저에너지를 가진 핵종을 모두 영상화할 수 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2018

A discrete element approach is used to investigate the effects of confining stress on the shear behaviour of joint's bridge area. A punch-through shear test is used to model the concrete cracks under different shear and confining stresses. Assuming a plane strain condition, special rectangular models are prepared with dimension of $75mm{\times}100mm$. Within the specimen model and near its four corners, four equally spaced vertical notches of the same depths are provided so that the central portion of the model remains intact. The lengths of notches are 35 mm. and these models are sequentially subjected to different confining pressures ranging from 2.5 to 15 MPa. The axial load is applied to the punch through the central portion of the model. This testing and models show that the failure process is mostly governed by the confining pressure. The shear strengths of the specimens are related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. The shear behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of induced shear bands which are increased by increasing the confining pressure while the cracks propagation lengths are decreased. The failure stress and the crack initiation stress both are increased due to confining pressure increase. As a whole, the mechanisms of brittle shear failure changes to that of the progressive failure by increasing the confining pressure.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2008

In order to clarify the influence of the change of urban surface albedo on mesoscale meteorological factors during the summertime, numerical experiments with various albedo of urban surface were carried out. Numerical model used in this study is PSU/NCAR MM5 V3.6. As a result of the numerical simulation intended of Busan assumed the increase of albedo of roofs, buildings, or roads, the increase of albedo can make decrease radiation effect of surface, so that it caused drops in ambient air temperature from $0.5^{\circ}C$ to $1^{\circ}C$ on the average, and the downtown of Busan formed along the trough presented a substantial drop in ambient air temperature about $1.5^{\circ}C$. Modeling studies suggest the increased surface albedo in urban area can reduce surface and air temperatures near the ground and affect related meteorological parameters such as winds and the depth of the mixed boundary layer.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 비슬산 이중편파 Radar 자료와, GPM 위성자료 및 21개 (Korea Meteorological Administration, KMA) 지상강우자료를 활용하여 분포형 강우-유출 모형(KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model2, KIMSTORM2)을 이용해 남강댐 유역($2,293km^2$)을 대상으로 유출해석을 수행하였다. 모형의 유출 해석은 2016년 10월 5일 02:00~09:00 총 8시간 동안 최대강우강도 33 mm/hr, 유역평균 총 강우량 82 mm이 발생한 태풍 차바(CHABA)를 대상으로 하였으며, Radar 및 GPM 자료와 조건부합성(Conditional Merging, CM) 기법을 적용한 Radar (CM-corrected Radar) 및 GPM (CM-corrected GPM) 자료를 각각 활용하여 결과를 비교하였다. 이 때, 공간 강우자료에 유출 검보정은 남강댐 유역 내 3개의 수위관측 지점(산청, 창촌, 남강댐)을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 모형의 매개변수 초기토양수분함량, 지표와 하천의 Manning 조도계수를 이용하여 검보정하였다. 유출 결과는 결정계수(Determination coefficient, $R^2$), Nash-Sutcliffe의 모형효율계수(NSE) 및 유출용적지수(Volume Conservation Index, VCI)를 산정하였다. 그 결과 CM-corrected Radar, GPM 자료가 평균 $R^2$는 0.96, NSE의 경우 0.96, 유출용적지수(VCI)는 1.03으로 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 최종적으로 CM 기법을 이용한 보정된 공간분포자료는 기존의 자료에 비해 시공간적으로 정확한 홍수 예측에 사용 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2016

In this paper we present an implantable pressure sensor to measure real-time blood pressure by monitoring mechanical movement of artery. Sensor is composed of inductors (L) and capacitors (C) which are formed by microfabrication and direct bonding on two biocompatible substrates (quartz). When electrical potential is applied to the sensor, the inductors and capacitors generates a LC resonance circuit and produce characteristic resonant frequencies. Real-time variation of the resonant frequency is monitored by an external measurement system using inductive coupling. Structural and electrical simulation was performed by Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) programs, ANSYS and HFSS, to optimize geometry of sensor. Ultrafast laser (femto-second) cutting and MEMS process were executed as sensor fabrication methods with consideration of brittleness of the substrate and small radial artery size. After whole fabrication processes, we got sensors of $3mm{\times}15mm{\times}0.5mm$. Resonant frequency of the sensor was around 90 MHz at atmosphere (760 mmHg), and the sensor has good linearity without any hysteresis. Longterm (5 years) stability of the sensor was verified by thermal acceleration testing with Arrhenius model. Moreover, in-vitro cytotoxicity test was done to show biocompatiblity of the sensor and validation of real-time blood pressure measurement was verified with animal test by implant of the sensor. By integration with development of external interrogation system, the proposed sensor system will be a promising method to measure real-time blood pressure.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2014

Peri-acetabular bone ingrowth plays a crucial role in long-term stability of press-fit acetabular cups. A poor bone ingrowth often results in increased cup migration, leading to aseptic loosening of the implant. The rate of peri-prosthetic bone formation is also affected by the polar gap that may be introduced during implantation. Applying a mechano-regulatory tissue differentiation algorithm on a two-dimensional plane strain microscale model, representing implant-bone interface, the objectives of the study are to gain an insight into the process of peri-prosthetic tissue differentiation and to investigate its relationship with implant-bone relative displacement and size of the polar gap. Implant-bone relative displacement was found to have a considerable influence on bone healing and peri-acetabular bone ingrowth. An increase in implant-bone relative displacement from $20{\mu}m$ to $100{\mu}m$ resulted in an increase in fibrous tissue formation from 22% to 60% and reduction in bone formation from 70% to 38% within the polar gap. The increase in fibrous tissue formation and subsequent decrease in bone formation leads to weakening of the implant-bone interface strength. In comparison, the effect of polar gap on bone healing and peri-acetabular bone ingrowth was less pronounced. Polar gap up to 5 mm was found to be progressively filled with bone under favourable implant-bone relative displacements of $20{\mu}m$ along tangential and $20{\mu}m$ along normal directions. However, the average Young's modulus of the newly formed tissue layer reduced from 2200 MPa to 1200 MPa with an increase in polar gap from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, suggesting the formation of a low strength tissue for increased polar gap. Based on this study, it may be concluded that a polar gap less than 0.5 mm seems favourable for an increase in strength of the implant-bone interface.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2018

In this article, a novel design of patch antenna with wide band characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna is having electrical dimensions of $0.14{\lambda}{\times}0.11{\lambda}$ (at lower initial frequency) and footprints of $150mm^2$. Structural parameters optimization shows 3.1-23.5 GHz frequency range for a (reflection coefficient) $S_{11}{\leq}-10dB$ and simulated gain 6.8 dB is obtained. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to get an insight view of antenna. Advanced Systems Design (ADS) simulation results are obtain which confirm the validity of proposed model. Degenerated foster canonical form has been used to explain the reactance and capacitive behavior idea of simulated proposed antenna's input impedance later on an equivalent circuit model and smith chart is also suggested. HFSS and CST have been used to analyze antenna behavior. The proposed antenna can be further used for microwave image detection applications.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.633-645
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• 2004

A critical component of air pollution modeling is the representation of meteorological fields within a model domain, since an accurate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the three-dimensional wind fields. The present study investigated data assimilation using surface observational data in the complex coastal regions to simulate an accurate meteorological fields. Surface observational data were categorized into three groups(Near coastal region, Far coastal regiln 1, Far costal region 2) by the locations where the data are. Experiments were designed and MM5 was used in each case of regions. Case 1 is an experiment without data assimilation, Case N is executed with data assimilation using observational data by meteorological stations and AWS data located in the near coastal region, within 1 km. Case F1 is also an experiment with data assimilation using observational data by meteorological stations and AWS data located in the far coastal regiln 1, more than 1km and less than 5km from the coastal lines. Case F2 is appled to data assimilation using observational data by meteorological stations and AWS data located in the far coastal region 2, beyond 5km from the coastal lines. The result of this study indicated that data assimilation using data in the far coastal region 1 and 2 provided an attractive method for generating accurate meteorological fields, especially in the complex coastal regions.