• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol+yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism and liver function in hyperlipemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet cup(Control group), high fat diet and 15 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/5 min group), 15 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/10 min group), 30 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LRS(30 mW/5 min group), 30 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(30 mW/10 min group). LLLAT was treated at the 15,30mW-5,10min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results : Body weight was decreased significantly in 30 mW/s min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food intake was decreased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 15 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid were increased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol was increased in 30 mW/10 min group and phospholipids was decreased significantly in all experimental group compared with control group. triglyceride was not showed significant result in all experimental group. In the liver function, AST was not showed significant result in all experimental group, ALT and ALP were increased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group, ALP was decreased in 30 mW/5 min group compared with control group. Conclusions : LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 can manage hyperlipemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

이 연구는 현장 소방활동에 따른 공기호흡기 소모량의 변화율을 파악 분석한 것으로 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자 5명의 평균 공기소모량은 가만히 서 있을 때 $15.56{\ell}/min$, 보통걸음으로 걸을 때 $32.43{\ell}/min$, 소방호스를 전개 하고 정리할 때 $43.07{\ell}/min$, 계단을 걸어 올라갈 때 $55.28{\ell}/min$, 계단을 뛰어 올라가 해머를 연속하여 내려치는 상황은 $127.14{\ell}/min$로 급격히 상승하여 에너지 소모량에 따라 공기소모량도 증가된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 실험대상자 A는 가장 고령임에도 가만히 서 있을 때 $13.23{\ell}/min$, 보통걸음으로 걸을 때 $29.33{\ell}/min$, 소방호스를 전개하고 정리할 때는 $41.08{\ell}/min$로 공기소모량이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이는 깊고 느리게 하는 호흡법에 익숙한 결과로 판단된다. 실험대상자 D는 공기호흡기 평균 사용량이 $63.58{\ell}/min$로 유의하게 높았다. 그 이유는 비만이 공기소모량을 높인 것으로 보이고, 해머로 내려치는 동작에 체력이 소진되어 공기소모량 상승에 더 큰 영향을 미친것으로 판단된다. 실험대상자 E는 공기호흡기 사용량이 $49.90{\ell}/min$로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 그 이유는 E의 연령이 실험대상자 중 가장 젊고, 강인한 체력을 소유한 결과로 추측된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2002

광자극에 대한 역돔, Oreochromis niloticus[Linnaeus]의 심전도를 구명하기 위하여 16~18$^{\circ}C$ 수온에서 어체내에 전극을 삽입하여 3가지 광자극 (10, 100, 400 lu$\chi$)에 대한 심전도를 서간과 야간으로 구분하여 60분간 연속적으로 조사한 심전도를 상태별로 분석한 심박수와 생체전위는 다음과 같다. 1. 역돔은 마취 후 3분 뒤에 안정상태에 도달하였고, 안정상태에서 평균심박수는 서간에 47.6 beat/min, 야간에 45.1 beat/min였고, 평균생체 전위는 서간에 1.04 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.24 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다. 2 자극별 평균심박수는 \circled1 자극상태에서, 10 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 39.7 beat/min, 야간에 38.2 beat/min였고, 100 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 38.7 beat/min, 야간에 36.9 beat/min였으며, 400 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 36.8 beat/min, 야간에 35.8 beat/min로 나타났고, \circled2 회복상태에서, 10 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 47.1 beat/min, 야간에 46.0 beat/min였고, 100 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 47.2 beat/min, 야간에 45.6 beat/min였으며, 400 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 48.1 beat/min, 야간에 46.6 beat/min로 나타났다. 3. 자극별 평균생체전위는 \circled1 자극상태에서, 10 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 1.22 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 0.71$\mu\textrm{V}$였고, 100 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 0.63 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 0.90 $\mu\textrm{V}$였으며, 400 lu$\chi$ 인 경우 서간에 1.39 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.63 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났고, \circled2 회복상태에서, 10 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 1.26 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.59 $\mu\textrm{V}$였고, 100 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 2.63 $\mu\textrm{V}$ 야간에 3.65 $\mu\textrm{V}$였으며, 400 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 2.52 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.67 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

광 자극에 대한 향어, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus]의 심전도를 규명하기 위하여, 어체내에 전극을 삽입하여 3가지 광 자극 (10,100,400 lux)에 대하여 심전도를 주간과 야간으로 구분하여 60분간 연속적으로 조사한 심전도를 현황별로 분석한 심전수와 생체전위는 다음과 같다. 1. 향어는 마취후 5분 뒤에 안정상태에 도달하였고, 안정상태에서 평균심전수는 주간에 64.9 beat/min, 야간에 65.3 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 36.9 nV, 야간에 32.9nV로 나타났다. 2. 자극별 평균 심박수는 1) 자극상태에서, 10 lux인 경우 주간에 68.7 beat/min, 야간에 46.0 beat/min였고, 100 lux인 경우 주간에 53.4 beat/min, 야간에 44.1 beat/min였으며, 400 lux인 경우 주간에 53.2 beat/min, 야간에 40.1 beat/min로 나타났고, 2) 회복상태에서, 10 lux인 경우 주간에 67.9 beat/min, 야간에 57.2 beat/min였고, 100 lux인 경우 주간에 68.8 beat/min, 야간에 61.0 beat/min였으며, 400 lux인 경우 주간에 69.6 beat/min, 야간에 63.6 beat/min로 나타났다. 3. 자극별 평균생체전위는 1) 자극상태에서, 10lux인 경우 주간에 59.1 nV, 야간에 24.0 nV였고, 100 lux인 경우 주간에 26.8 nV, 야간에 45.6 nV였으며, 400 lux인 경우 주간에 71.7 nV, 야간에 14.4 nV로 나타났고, 2) 회복상태에서, 10 lux인 경우 주간에 38.8 nV, 야간에 27.3 nV였고, 100 lux인 경우 주간에 29.0 nV, 야간에 39.3 nV였으며, 400 lux인 경우 주간에 66.1 nV, 야간에 21.4 nV로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2002

전기자극에 대한 역돔, Oreochromis niloticus［Linnaeus］의 심전도를 구명하기 위하여, 어체내에 전극을 삽입하여 3 가지 전기자극원(20, 30, 40 Vp ; 10 msec)으로 실험어에 자극을 가하였을 때의 심전도를 서간과 야간으로 구분하여 60분간 조사한 심박수와 생체전위를 자극 전(마취상태, 안정상태)과 자극 후(자극-회복상태, 회복상태)로 구분하여 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 역돔은 마취 후 3 분 뒤에 안정상태에 도달하였고, 안정상태에서의 평균상심박수는 서간에 45.8 beat/min, 야간에 45.0 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 서간에 1.76 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.75 $\mu\textrm{V}$였다. 2. 자극별 평균심박수는 \circled1 자극-회복상태에서 전기자극이 20 Vp인 경우, 서간에 34.9 beat/min, 야간에 33.4 beat/min였고, 30 Vp인 경우, 서간에 36.8 beat/min, 야간에 36.0 beat/min였으며, 40Vp인 경우 서간에 38.0 beat/min, 야간에 36.4 beat/min로 나타났다. \circled2 회복상태에서 전기자극이 20 Vp인 경우, 서간에 45.5 beat/min, 야간에 45.1 beat/min였고, 30 Vp인 경우, 서간에 47.9 beat/min, 야간에 49.0 beat/min 였으며, 40 Vp인 경우, 서간에 51.4 beat/min, 야간에 50.7 beat/min로 나타났다. 3. 자극별 평균생체전위는 \circled1 자극-회복상태에서 전기자극이 20Vp인 경우, 서간에 2.54$\mu\textrm{V}$ 야간에 2.39$\mu\textrm{V}$였고,30Vp인 경우, 서간에 3.30$\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 2.30 $\mu\textrm{V}$였으며, 40Vp 인 경우 서간에 6.05 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.23 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다. \circled2 회복상태에서 전기자극이 20 Vp인 경우, 서간에 1.92 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.95 $\mu\textrm{V}$ 였고, 30 Vp인 경우, 서간에 2.78 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 2.21 $\mu\textrm{V}$ 였으며, 40 Vp인 경우 서간에 3.60$\mu\textrm{V}$ 야간에 2.98$\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2009

주요 엽채류 7종의 주년 안정생산을 위한 담액수경 재배 시 양액의 순환주기가 양액의 용존산소 농도, 엽채류의 생육, 그리고 식물영양소의 함량에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 양액을 1일 10분 순환 처리구는 정식 13일 후 용존산소 농도가 급격하게 떨어지고 17일 후에는 2.8mg $L^{-1}$, 20일 후에는 최저 1.5mg $L^{-1}$까지 낮아졌다. 처리 20일 후 7가지 엽채류의 생체중은 1일 10분 처리구에서는 대조구인 10분 순환/110분 정지 처리구에 비해 $0{\sim}24%$ 범위에서 낮아졌으며, 10분 순환/10분 정지 처리구에서는 $-2{\sim}34%$ 증가하였다. 양액의 순환주기가 짧을수록 식물체 엽내 P의 함량이 증가하였으며, 식물체의 C/N율과 비타민 C 함량은 감소하였다. 이상의 결과, 담액수경 엽채류의 안정적인 생육과 식물영영소의 흡수를 위해서 2시간에 10분 정도의 양액 순환 처리가 효율적이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.978-983
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• 1999

Background: Complement activation with transpulmonary leukocyte sequestration is considered a main mediator leading to ischemia-reperfusion lung(I-R) injury. We studied the role of leukocytes in the formation of I-R injury in ovine cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) model with a membrane oxygenator. Material and Method: Five sheep were used. CPB circuitry consisted of a roller pump(American Optical Corp., Greenwich, CT, USA) and a membrane oxygenator(UNIVOX-IC, Bentley, Baxter Health Corp, Irvine, CA, USA). The CPB time was fixed at 120 min. Ten minutes after the start of CPB, total CPB was established. Thereafter a total CPB of 100 min was performed, followed by another 10 min of partial CPB. The CPB was discontinued and the animals were fully recovered. For measuring left and right atrial leukocyte counts, blood samples were taken before thoracotomy, 5 min and 109 in after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. C3a was measured before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. Plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) was checked before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. One to two grams of lung tissue were taken for water content measurement before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. Lung biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. Result: Of 5 animals, 4 survived the experimental procedures. Of these, 3 animals survived on a long-term basis. No significant differences in transpulmonary gradients of leukocyte were found and no significant complement activation was expressed by C3a levels. MDA level did not show significant changes related to lung reperfusion despite an increase after the start of CPB. On both light and electron microscopic examinations, mild to moderate acute lung change was observed. Interstitial edema, leakage of erythrocytes into the alveolar space and endothelial cell swelling were the main findings. Water content of the lung showed a slight increase after the start of CPB, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ischemia-repersusion lung injury may not be from complement activation-leukocyte sequestration but from another source of oxygen free radicals related to CPB.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2013

Objective : Min fire(民火) is mentioned as a kind of fire that exists in human body, which rarely appears in traditional medical books. It was mainly mentioned as a fire in urinary bladder, and was referred to have some function in the process of qi transformation(氣化) in urinary bladder. As the concept of min fire was originated from the Taoist internal alchemy, this study will make a comparative research between the examples of min fire in medical theory and Taoist internal alchemy, and will find out the conceptual significance of min fire in medical theory. Method : Among traditional medical books, min fire appears in such books as Yixuerumen(醫學入門), Youyoujicheng(幼幼集成), Fengshijinnangmilu(馮氏錦囊秘錄), and also in some books of Taoist internal alchemy. Though rather brief and informal, they show us some information about the performance of min fire in human body. So based on the information about min fire that was acquired from those books, this study will apply the concept of min fire to the traditional dispute on the problem of qi transformation in urinary bladder. Result & Conclusion : The concept of min fire that is related to the problem of qi transformation in urinary bladder, shows well that qi transformation in urinary bladder produces not only urine but also the ascent of shuijing(水精). And it also shows well that min fire acts as a power for the qi transformation in urinary bladder, which would perform well in the cooperation with sovereign fire(君火). This can be presented as a theoretical basis that the power for the qi transformation in urinary bladder is basically prepared in urinary bladder itself.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2005

Wheat straw was treated with microwave for 4 min and 8 min at a power of 750 W and frequency of 2,450 MHz. Chemical compositions of untreated, 4 min treated and 8 min treated straws were analyzed and in sacco degradabilities of all these straws in yak rumens were measured. Microwave treatment didn't significantly (p>0.05) affect the chemical composition of the straw. In sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of the straw after 18 h incubation in rumen was significantly (p<0.01) improved by microwave treatment. In sacco crude protein (CP) degradability of the straw was not (p>0.05) affected by microwave treatment. In sacco organic matter (OM) degradability of the straw was increased (p<0.01) by around 20% for both the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment, that of acid detergent fibre (ADF) was increased (p<0.01) by 61.6% and 62.8%, and that of ash free ADF was enhanced by 72.1% and 69.6% for the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment respectively. No significant difference was observed between the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment on the degradability of DM, OM, CP, ADF and ash-free ADF of the straw.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

Here, the stability of stainless steel 316 (SS-316) was investigated to identify its applicability in the oxide reduction process, as a component in related equipment, to produce a complicated gas mixture composed of O₂ and Cl₂ under an argon (Ar) atmosphere. The effects of the mixed gas composition were investigated at flow rates of 30 mL/min O₂, 20 mL/min O₂ + 10 mL/min Cl₂, 10 mL/min O₂ + 20 mL/min Cl₂, and 30 mL/min Cl₂, each at 600℃, during a constant argon flow rate of 170 mL/min. It was found that the corrosion of SS-316 by the chlorine gas was suppressed by the presence of oxygen, while the reaction proceeded linearly with the reaction time regardless of gas composition. Surface observation results revealed an uneven surface with circular pits in the samples that were fed mixed gases. Thermodynamic calculations proposed the combination of Fe and Ni chlorination reactions as an explanation for this pit formation phenomenon. An exponential increase in the corrosion rate was observed with an increase in the reaction temperature in a range of 300 ~ 600℃ under a flow of 30 mL/min Cl₂ + 170 mL/min Ar.