• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.266-274
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• 1995

We invesigated whether the circadian rhythms of plasma MHPG and HVA concentrations exist in 11 healthy young adults, and analyzed the patterns of their circadian rhythms. The results were as follows : 1) The change in the mean plasma MHPG concentrations analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA was not statistically significant. Five subjects showed significant circadian rhythms of plasma MHPG concentrations of each individual, and 4 of those had the acrophases between 17PM and 24PM. 2) The change in the mean plasma HVA concentrations analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA was not statistically significant. Six subjects showed significant circadian rhythms of plasma HVA concentrations of each individual, and 4 of those had the acrophases between 21PM and 6AM. In conclusion, the circadian rhythm pattern of plasma HVA concentrations in our result is consistent with the previous study. It was suggested that plasma MHPG and HVA concentrations should be measured more frequently, and the physical activities of subjects be controlled more strictly for the following study.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1989

수영-스트레스로 나타나는 뇌 catecholamine대사 및 혈장 corticosterone 함량의 변동에 대한 clonidine(500 ug/kg)의 억제작용을 propylthiouracil(0.01% 용액으로 5주간 마시게함) 및 1-thyrorine(4 mg/kg/day로 5일간 복강내에 주사)로 처치한 웅성-마우스에서 실험관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 마우스의 일과성 자발운동량의 변동은 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 영향을 받지 않았고, 수영스트레스(SS)로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone(CS)의 증가가 propylthiouracil 전처치 (PTU) 및 1-thyroxine 전처치 (T4)로 각각 다소의 감소 및 증강됨을 보였으나, SS에 의한 혈장 CS증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4의 영향을 받지 않았다. SS부하로 뇌 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol 함량(MHPG)가 유의하게 증가되고 clonidine에 의하여는 MHPG가 현저히 감소되었으나 뇌 norepinephrine 함량(NE)은 별 변동을 보이지 않아서 MHPG/NE비는 SS와 clonidine에 의하여 각각 현저한 증가 및 감소를 나타내었다. 아울러, PTU및 T4은 각각 뇌NE을 유의하게 감소 또는 증가시켰으나 뇌 MHPG에는 별 영향을 미치지 않았다. Clonidine은 SS에 의한 뇌 MHPG 및 MHPG/NE비의 증가를 모두 현저히 억제하였으며 그 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4에 의하여 별 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어서, 마우스의 일과성 자발운동양상 및 스트레스반응으로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone의 증가현상등이 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 별 영향을 받지 않으며, 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신계의 활성화가 시상하부의 norepinephrine성 신경-흥분에 매게되어 나타나는 바, 스트레스성 혈장 corticosterone 증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용이 그의 절전-${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor\;agonist$ 작용에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.604-611
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) extract drink (ASCF-0.1% and ASCF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychologcal stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 28.1% and 27.3% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretions in the brain were significantly increased 49.7% and 53.9%, respectively, in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethy-leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 12.9% and 16.6%, respectively in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 71.3% and 81.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) drink can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.596-603
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress mind tonic (ASMT) drink (ASMT-0.1% and ASMT-0.5% concentration) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychological stress were exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 19.1% and 41.9% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretions in the brain were significantly increased 23.4% and 35.9%, respectively, in ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 27.1% and 19.6%, respectively in ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASMT-0.1 and ASMT-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of about 70% compared with control group. These suggest that mind tonic anti-stress drink can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.612-619
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) extract drink (ASRF-0.1% and ASRF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychological stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 24.3% and 38.0% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretion in the brain were significantly increased 35.9% in ASRF-0.5 group, but NA secretion in ASRF-0.1 group could not be obtained significant result compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethy leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 16.5% and 18.9% respectively in ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASRF-0.1 and ASRF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 16.5% and 67.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress rose fruit (ASRF) drink also can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.537-547
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base 4.0%) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% added to Dasi-Ex) beverages on the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2g) were fed basic experimental diets and given free through water bottle filled with these beverages instead of water for 18 days including sociopsychological stress. Body weight gains were consistently lower in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group, expecting in a inhibitory effect of obesity. Dasi-Ex group resulted in a significant decrease of 25% in serum corticosterone (CS) secretion, while Fuco-I,IIand IIIgroups resulted in a marked decreases of 45~55% in serum CS secretion compared with control group. Noradrenaline (NA) secretions were significantly increased about 15% in Dasi-Ex group, and 20~22% in Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in brain MHPG-SO4 levels of Dasi-Ex group could not be obtained, but Fuco-I,II,III groups resulted in a marked decreases of 20~25% in brain MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain, but Fuco-I,II and III groups resulted in a marked increases of 45~60% in NA/MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain compared with control group. These results suggest that fucoidan beverage may play a effective role in a ridding of the sociopsychological stress by pivotal anti-stress effect of fucoidan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.858-866
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• 1993

S.D.rats were fed with 3.4% tyrosine supplemented diet for 5 days. Tyrosine diet had no effects on brain NE and MHPG-SO4 levels in non-stressed rats. When these animals were given 3 hr-immobilization stress, they responded in a manner that coped better to the stress. This was measured by the increase in brain MHPG-SO4 indicating the increase in norepinephrine turnover by the stressed animals. When rats were stressed, fed basal or high-tyrosine diet, brain tyrosine concentration dropped more than 26% over the non-stress control animals. 3-hr immobilization stress also decreased brain NE levels. However, while the stress resulted in a significant decrease(p<0.05) of brain NE in basal diet, the decrease was not significant in high-TYR diet group. And as the stress index, serum corticosterone, glucose, and free fatty acid concentratons also were assayed. In this study, it was found that high-TYR diet prevented the stress-induced depletion of brain NE and suppressed the rise in serum corticosterone, glucose, and free fatty acid. These results suggest that high-TYR diet increases the coping ability of body to stress.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.942-947
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• 2003

장미(Rosa multiflora) 열매 추출물 1.0%, 3.0% 및 5.0%를 주재로 하여 개발한 기능성 스트레스 해소 요구르트 음료(RFEY-1.0, RFEY-3.0, RFEY-5.0 groups)로써 동물실험으로서 Communication box를 사용하여 사회ㆍ심리적 스트레스를 유발한 다음, 스트레스의 지표물질로서 혈액중의 코르티코스테론(CS)의 분비량 및 뇌조직의 노르아드레날린(NA)의 분비량과 대사산물로서 MHPG-SO$_4$의 생성량 및 NA/MHPG-SO$_4$ ratio를 분석하여 장미 열매 추출물을 주재로 한 항스트레스 요구르트 음료의 항스트레스효과(anti-stress effect)를 평가하였다. 스트레스 자극에 의해 증가하는 것으로 혈액 중에 분비되는 CS의 분비량은 RFEY-1.0, RFEY-3.0, RFEY-5.0의 투여그룹에서는 대조그룹 대비 각각 11.7%, 16.0%, 24.7%의 CS의 분비량이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 스트레스 자극에 의하여 뇌조직에서 분비되는 NA의 분비량을 비교하여 보면 장미 요구르트 음료 RFEY-1.0, RFEY-3.0, RFEY-5.0의 투여그룹에서는 대조그룹 대비 각각 15.6%, 25.0%, 40.8%나 유의적으로 증가하였다. 뇌조직에서 NA의 대사산물로서 스트레스 자극에 의하여 증가되는 것으로 알려진 MHPG-SO$_4$의 생성량은 대조그룹 대비 각각 17.0%, 25.3%, 28.4%나 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 스트레스 자극에 의하여 감소되기 때문에 스트레스 지표(stress index)로서 널리 사용되고 있는 NA/MHPG-SO$_4$ ratio도 대조그룹 대비 RFEY-1.0, RFEY-3.0, RFEY-5.0의 투여그룹은 각각 39.5%, 67.3% 및 96.3%의 유의적인 증가효과가 인정되었다. 이상의 실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때 장미열매 추출물을 주재로 한 장미 요구르트의 항스트레스작용은 매우 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2001

우울증으로 고통받는 많은 환자들에서 보이는 다양항 양상과 다양한 경과를 자주 접하면서 분류를 어떻게 하여야 임상적으로 유용한가 의문을 가지게 된다. 이에 저자들은 우울증의 아형 평가의 필요성과 평가도구들을 문헌을 통하여 고찰하였다. 원래부터 이들이 이질적인 집단으로 구성되어 있는지, 하나의 유전적 소인이 있어 개인에 따라서 병의 진행 시기에 따라서 여러 우울증의 spectrum으로 표현되는 것인지 문제가 제기되어 왔지만, 현재로서는 분명히 알 수 없다. 저자들은 먼저 "우울증 스펙트럼" "양극성 우울과 단극성 우울이 공통의 하나의 유전적 인자를 가지는가" "양극성 스펙트럼 장애"등 강한 주장들이 있어 문헌 고찰을 통해서 알아보았다. 그리고, 최근 생물학적인 연구로부터 나온 세로토닌 관련 우울증 가설을 알아보았다. 이 우울증 가설(SeCA depression)은 조기 모성 분리 혹은 모성 박탈 같은 유년시절의 부정적 경험, 불안, 공격성, co-rtisol 증가, cortisol flattening, DST 양성, 스트레스 사건, CRF 상승, 5HIAA저하 등을 연결하여 우울증의 역동을 쉽게 설명하였고 생물-심리-사회적 접근을 가능하게끔 하는 우울증의 모델이다. 둘째로 고전적인 생물학적 지표 즉 DST, TRH 자극 검사, 및 뇨 MHPG 검사 결과에 따르는 우울증 아형을 구분하고 특징을 살펴보았고 이들의 역사적이고 임상적인 의미를 알아보았다. 그밖에 APOE epsilon 4 allele, 기질-성격이론(Temperament Character Inventory : TCI) 심박동 변이도(heart rate variability : HRV) 같은 요인들을 비롯하여 잘 알려진 증상이나 진단으로 분류된 아형들을 조사하여 임상적인 의미를 찾아보았다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-19
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• 1995

Numerous investigators have conducted extensive investigation in the search for biological markers in psychiatric illness. There are, as a test of q biological approach to the diagnosis of the psychiatric illness, tests for the neurotransmitters, their metabolites, and related enzymes, the neurotransmitter receptors, the neuroendocrine output and response, the membrane transport, peptides and eletrolytes. They are called the biological markers, and they are helpful for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis, choice of treatment or drugs, symptom improvement, predictor of recurrence and anticipation of suicidal attempt. These studies are among the main purposes that are pursued in the neuroscience and based on the potential utility of the biological markers mentioned above. Since 1970's, lots 01 biological markers' studies for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis or subtypes differentiation have been done but varieties of different opinions have been drawn since then through they could explain the charaters of main psychiatric illness(especially schizophrenia and mood disorder). But, the search for biological markers, including displines of neuroendoclinology and neurochemistry(neurotransmitter and thair metabolite), has yielded a number of putative trait merkers and state markers for psychayric illness. This paper aims to anticipate or evaluate the good response to the therapy(Therpeutic response) with lots of markers. Acoording to the diagnosis of lots of diseases or subtypes, we are going to review the papers, mainly concern with 'Is there any Marker' or 'Is any test possible to detect the improvement clinically?' 'Is it possible to predict the recurrence or good prognsis?' or 'Is it possible to select any drug or therapy to bring the good response?' The biological tests to review are mainly the metabolites of catecholamine neurotransmitter, and especially neuroendocrine test based on the knowledge that hormons of the adenohypophysis are influenced by activity of the cerebral or limbic neurons as well as the hypothalamus ones. Among them, author introduced some clinically available tests that are DST, TRH stimulation test(TRHST), GH stimulation test, and the urine MHPG test that can give us the evaluation of the treatment response, the predictor for recurrence or choice of drug that can bring a good response. So author discussed thair potential utility in clarifying, therapeutic, and prognostic issues in psychatric illness. We hope they'll be used and look forward to more active study on the different opinion.