• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic changes of cyclosporine after oral administration of cyclosporine, 10 mg/kg, in rabbits coadministered or pretreated twice per day for 3 days with nimodipine, dose of 5 mg/kg. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclosporine was significantly higher in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine than that in control rabbits (p＜0.01), showing about 149％ increased relative bioavailability. The peak plasma concentration (C$_{max}$), elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2/) and MRT of cyclosporine were increased significantly (p＜0.05) in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. This findings could be due to significant reduction of elimination rate constant and total body clearance by pretreated with nimodipine. The effects of nimodipine on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine were more considerable in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. The results suggest that the dosage of cyclosporine should be adjusted when the drug would be coadministered chronically with nimodipine in a clinical situation.n.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1996

Studies were Performed to determine whether the water fraction of Panax ginseng Protected radiation damage to hair medullar cells of N:GP(s) mice after in vivo irradiation with $^{60}Co{\;}{\gamma}-rays$. The hair follicles in the middle of the growth cycle were analysed 3 days after 3 Gy irradiation for the changes in the number of cells in the forming medulla of the hair in the region just above the germinal matrix of the growing (anagen) hair follicle. The radioprotective effect of ginseng was compared with the irradiation control. The medullar cell count per unit length ($100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$) of hair follicle was higher in the pretreated-groups of ginseng, both oral (2 mg/ml of drinking water, p<0.05) and intraperitoneal (0.3 mg/head, p<0.001) treatments, than the irradiation control. These data suggested that the water fraction of Panax ginseng may reduce cell damages on the body surface caused by ${\gamma}-rays$.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1999

The effect of Yukilsunki-tang extracts on global cerebral ischemia were investigated in this study. The multiple parameters of global cerebral ischemia assessed in mice included the duration of KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time of KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time exposed to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump. In the case of global cerebral ischemia International Cancer Research mice were used and divided into two groups at random Group A, normal control, was treated after oral administration of normal saline. Group B, experimental control, was treated after oral administration of 13.2mg/20g of Yukilsunki-tang extracts. Each treatment was KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma and exposure to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump. The results were obtained as follows ; In global cerebral ischemia, Yukilsunki-tang extracts significantly prolonged the duration of KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time of KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma and the survival time of exposure to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump in mice. Conclusion Yukisunki-tang extracts had a significant effect on Global cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

Objectives: Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers. Methods: We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods. Results: The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were $83.4mg/m^3$ (1.2) in the upper region and $93.3mg/m^3$(1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was $150.1mg/m^3$. Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were $323.7mg/m^3$(2.0), $121.0mg/m^3$(1.5), $73.7mg/m^3$(1.7), and $610.3mg/m^3$(1.0), respectively. Conclusions: The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

Fexofenadine, one of selective histamine $H_1$ receptor antagonists, has been used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The bioequivalence of two fexofenadine hydrochloride preparations, containing 120 mg fexofenadine hydrochloride, was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). The test product was Hanmi Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Tablet $120mg^{(R)}$ made by Hanmi Pharm. Co. and the reference product was Allegra Tablet $120mg^{(R)}$ made by Handok Parmaceuticals Co.. Twenty healthy male subjects were randomly divided into two groups and a $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of fexofenadine in plasma was determined using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detector. Two pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, were calculated and analyzed statistically for the evaluation of bioequivalence of the two products. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed parameter values. The 90% confidence intervals of $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ were log $0.844{\sim}log$ 1.149 and log $0.833{\sim}log$ 1.109, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.8 to log 1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating that Hanmi Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Tablet 120 mg is bioequivalent to Allegra Tablet 120 mg.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2014

Arsenic (As) is one of the heavy metals which causes acute bio-toxicity even at low concentration and has disastrous effect on environment. In some countries, As contamination has become alarming and increasing day by day as consequences of unsustainable management practices. Many existing physical, chemical and biological processes for As removal from water system are not feasible due to techno-economic limitations. The present study highlights the scope of biological strategy for As removal through phytoextraction. Arsenic uptake and accumulation in the biomass of three plant species and their As tolerance abilities have been investigated to develop an efficient phytoextraction system in combination of these plant species. Three non-crop plant species, Pteris vittata; Mimosa pudica, and Eichhornia crassipus were treated with 0-200 mg/L As in liquid nutrient solution for 14 days. P. vittata accumulated total 9,082.2 mg (8,223 mg in fronds) As/kg biomass and Eichhornia total 6,969 mg (4,517 mg in fronds)/kg biomass at 200 mg/L As concentration, respectively. Bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were estimated to differentiate between excluders, accumulators and accumulation in above ground biomass. Pteris and Eichhornia have highest BF (67 and 17) and TF (64 and 3), respectively. In contrast, Mimosa accumulated up to 174 mg As/kg plant biomass which is low in comparison with other two plants, and both BF and TF were ${\leq}1$. This study reveals that Pteris and Eichhornia are As hyperaccumulator, and potential candidates for As removal from water system.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.177-182
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• 2022

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of low-dose pregabalin and alpha lipoic acid in diabetic neuropathy were evaluated and analyzed. Materials and Methods: This study designed a retrospective study that included patients with diabetic neuropathic pain. From 2009 to 2022, 100 patients who suffered from diabetic neuropathic pain were included in this study. The patients were divided into group I (pregabalin 150 mg/day with alpha lipoic acid 600 mg/day) and group II (pregabalin 300 mg/day with alpha lipoic acid 600 mg/day). The visual analogue scale (VAS), medication side effects, and neurometer results were compared. Results: The mean follow-up period of the above patients was 120.23 weeks in group I and 149.05 weeks in group II. The average VAS score in group I decreased by 3.23 points, and the average VAS score in group II decreased by 2.86 points. Approximately 24.3% of group I had side effects, such as dizziness, sleepiness, and gastrointestinal trouble, while 76.7% of patients in group II had side effects. Sixtyseven patients had a neurometer examination before and after the medication, and there is no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The combination of low-dose pregabalin (pregabalin 150 mg/day) and alpha lipoic acid in diabetic neuropathy had a similar clinical effect and less frequent medication side effects than regular dose pregabalin (pregabalin 300 mg/day) and alpha lipoic acid. Therefore, low-dose pregabalin (pregabalin 150 mg/day) and alpha lipoic acid should be considered in treating diabetic neuropathy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1996

Depending on compost treatment the changes of radish morphology and soil physico-chemical properties were investigated in the sandy loam soil, pH of the soil was decreased and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphate and cation exchange capacity was increased with increase of compost. Root weight and length were the lowest, but deficit rate was the highest(79.3%) in the treatment of 120Mg/ha of compost. The contents of chlorophyll and sugars were increased with increasing the amount of compost treatment, but the inorganics were scarcely changed. The nitrate content in radish root ranged from 10 to 120mg/kg in various treatments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze the physical peroperties and components according to kinds and harvesting season for the Quality improvement and arangement of e99plants exporting in Japan. The size and weight of chukyang eggplants were larger than those of shikibu, and those of eggplants harvested in winter were smaller than those of eggplants in summer. The pH and brix were not different between cultivar of eggplants and were small different between harvesting seasons. The contents of glucose and fructose was 115.4∼155.4, 64.2∼102.1mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. And total contents of free sugars was 211.4∼351.1mg/100g-fr.wt. and those of chukyang was higher than those of sikibu. Total contents of free amino acids were from 73.4mg/100g-fr.wt. to 111.8mg/100g-fr.wt and was higher in chukyang than shikibu. The contents of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid was 90.0∼118.3, 28.3∼32.3mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. And total contents of ascorbic acids were 149.4, 119.9mg/100g-fr.wt., in eggplants harvested at summer. The content of potassium and sodium was 229.97∼233.59, 135.98∼156.28mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. The total contents of minerals was 89.35∼420.2mg/100g-fr.wt., and those of chukyang was higher than those of shikibu.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on aboveground biomass and distribution of nutrient content in tree components were determined in adjacent 41-year-old plantations of Pinus rigida Miller and Larix kaempferi Gordon on a similar soil in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province. Fertilizer was experimentally applied at the three levels [control(C), 200 N kg/ha+25 P kg/ha(LNP), and 400 N kg/ha+50 P kg/ha(HNP)] in June, 1996. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: Total aboveground biomass of P. rigida and L. kaempferi stands was 149, 145ton/ha for control, 166, 149ton/ha for LNP, and 152, 170ton/ha for HNP, respectively, and did not differ between the tree species. Aboveground biomass of P. rigida and L. kaempferi plantations were distributed as follows: stemwood>branch>stembark>foliage. Biomass of understory vegetation was 1,111kg/ha for P. rigida and 907kg/ha for L. kaempferi, and comprised 0.6～0.7% of the total aboveground biomass of the plantations. The concentrations of all nutrients(N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were generally higher in L. kaempferi than in P. rigida because of high nutrient uptake characteristics of Larix spp. Nutrient concentrations in tree components of P. rigida and L. kaempferi plantations were not significantly different among treatments, whereas they were significantly different between species and among tree components. The nutrient concentration in tree components of both tree species decreased in order of foliage>branch>stembark>stemwood. The contents of all nutrients were higher in the fertilized plots than in the control plots, generally the highest in LNP for P. rigida and in HNP for L. kaempferi. Total nutrient(N+P+K+Ca+Mg) contents of aboveground biomass were 703kg/ha for P. rigida and 869kg/ha for L. kaempferi, respectively.