• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2001

Effects of growth regulators(2,4-D, IAA, NAA, BA and kinetin) and chilling treatment on callus induction. embryogenesis and regeneration through anther cultures of B. falcatum L. were examined. Frequency of callus induction and embryogenesis was effectively increased by the treatment of chilling at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days before anther inoculation. Optimal level of growth regulator for callus induction and embryogenesis from anther was 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L in Murashige and Skoog(MS) basal medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 8 g/L agar. Frequency of embryogenesis from anther derived callus was increased up to 48% or 45% by addition of IAA 0.1+ kinetin 1.0 mg/L of IAA 0.1+ BA 1.0 mg/L in MS medium, respectively, Optimal medium for obtaining green callus was MS basal supplemented with BA 1.0mg/L. Addition of auxins(IAA or NAA) inhibited the formation of green callus from anther derived callus.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.179-181
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• 2002

Nodal explants of Ocimum basilicum L. (Sweet basil, Lamiaceae), showed shoot proliferation after 7-10 days on MS media containing 1.5 mg/L kinetin. In vitro flowering was achieved from 90% of the shootlets which were sub cultured on a half strength MS media fortified with 5 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L IAA. Cytokinin alone or in combination with $CA_3$and NAA resulted in shoot proliferation only. For rooting the plantlets were subcultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/L NAA and rootlets emerged after 10 days of incubation. The survival percentage of transplanted plantlets was 70%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

The effects of medium, hormones, and PFP on the proliferation of red callus in leaf tissue cultures of Garden orach(Atriplex hortensis L.) was investigated. As a result,88% of leaf tissues formed eallus on MS nledium containing 2mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D. Fresh weight of callus was higher on MS medium than on Bsand NN media. It was also found that 2, 4-D was more effective than Dicamba and Picloram. The op-timum concentrations of hormones for callus proliferation depended on culture media. Isolated red cal-lus grew markedly both on MS medium supplemented with 1-2mg/$\ell$ 2, 4-D and Bs medium contain-ing 2-4111g/$\ell$ 2,4D. Callus proliferated on B5 and NN media containing Dicabma Img/$\ell$ as well as onthe same media containing 2mg/$\ell$ Picioram. The addition of PFP concentrations of 2, 5, and 40mg/ $\ell$rcspectiely to culture medium caused increase of callus fresh weight, especially under light condition.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.33 no.7 s.381
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• pp.100-105
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• 2001

마이코플라즈마 갈리셉티쿰(Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG)및 마이코플라즈마 시노비에(M. synoviae,MS)에 의한 감염증은 아시아지역 뿐만 아니라 전세계적으로 닭에서 흔히 발생하는 질병이다. MG 감염은 흔히 닭에서 기낭염을 수반하는 만성호흡기병(chronic respiratory disease, CRD)과 칠면조의 전염성부비동염(infectious sinusitis)을 일으킨다. MS는 처음에 육계에서 전염성활막염(infectious synovitis)을 유발하는 병원체로만 알려졌으나, MG에 감염되지 않은 육계의 기낭염 병변부에서 빈번히 분리됨으로 인해 최근에는 원래의 전염성활막염보다 기낭염과 관련하여 많은 관심이 고조되고 있다. 아시아지역의 마이코플라즈마 감염상황을 대변하는 많은 문헌자료가 있으나, 대부분이 자국의 언어로 출판되어 있는 관계로 자료분석에 많은 애로가 있어 주로 해독이 가능한 영문자료를 근거로 하여 각국의 닭에서의 MG 및 MS 감염증의 발생상황과 방제현황에 대하여 언급하고자 한다. 비록 개략적이 나마 이를 토대로 국내 마이코플라즈마 방역상황을 되돌아볼 수 있는 계기가 되었으면 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3228-3232
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• 2010

Malachite green (MG) has been used world-widely in aquaculture as a parasiticide or fungicide. Although MG performed successfully, it has not been permitted for use in aquaculture from European Union, USA, and Canada because of its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. We developed a sensitive and specific method to determine MG and its principal metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), respectively by isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS). To enhance the extraction recovery of MG and LMG from fish tissue, an additional step, saponification, was introduced in sample preparation process to remove fat in sample extract, which hampered the performance of SPE columns. The residue of MG and LMG in fish was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode by monitoring at m/z 329 and 334 for MG and $d_5$-MG and at m/z 331 and 337 for LMG and $^{13}C_6$-LMG, respectively. This method was validated by comparing with the value of the reference material provided by Laboratory Government Chemistry (LGC). The results agreed within the measurement uncertainty and the accuracy was much improved than the provided reference value by LGC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.464-467
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• 2001

In order to establish a in vitro propagation system for gold tree[Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$], the effects of auxins and cytokinins on shoot multiplication and rooting were investigated. Germination rate was the best in MS medium. The fresh weight and number of shoot were the best on the medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l NAA. Shoots were successfully rooted in MS medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Roots were easily formed by the addition of auxins, especially 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l BAP.P.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two alprazolam tablets, Xanax 0.25 mg (Pharmacia Korea Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Zyren 0.25 mg (Kwang Dong Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The alprazolam release from two alprazolam tablets in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solutions and water). The dissolution profiles of two alprazolam tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Twenty four healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups with a randomized 2${\times}$2 cross-over study. After four tablets (1 mg alprazolam) were orally administrated, blood was taken and the concentrations of alprazolam in serum were determined using LC/MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_max$ and $T_max$were determined. Our results showed that the differences in $AUC_t$, $C_max$ and $T_max$ between two alprazolam tablets based on the Xanax were -11.65%, -4.44% and -39.31%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameter. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25)(e.g., log(0.8386)${\sim}$log(0.9453) and log(0.8596)${\sim}$log(1.1040) for $AUC_t$, $C_max$, respectively). Thus, Zyren 0.25 mg tablet was bioequivalent to Xanax 0.25 mg tablet.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.137-145
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• 1992

An efficient transformation system was established for Ailanthus altissima utilizing the binary system of A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Callus was initiated from small portions of cambium tissue of A. altissima in vitro. Optimum regeneration was achieved with Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium containing 0.01mg/${\ell}$ 2, 4-D, 0.5mg/${\ell}$ BAP, 3%(w/v) sucrose and 0.75% agar. The multiplication of explants remarkably showed up on medium containing 1.0mg/${\ell}$ BAP. Leaf discs or internodal stem segments were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing the binary vector pPMB 101, which has both ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) marker gene and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) gene. Shoots had been regenerated from 24 lines out of inoculative 50 lines. Transformants were selected by their ability to grow on medium containing kanamycin sulphate (100mg/${\ell}$). Putative transformation was confirmed by GUS assays. Five GUS-positive plantlets were obtained which confirmed that this marker gene has been transferred into A. altissima.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 2008

The genetic status of somatic embryo-derived plantlets of Cymbopogon flexuosus was examined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Auxins such as 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (1-4 mg/l) were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for induction of calli from rhizomatous explants of Cymbopogon flexuosus. Optimum calli were induced on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (3.5 mg/l) alone or in combination with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (2 mg/l). Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from long term calli when cultured on MS medium containing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (2 mg/l) along with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) (1-2 mg/l). Regeneration was achieved when freshly induced embryogenic calli were sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (3 mg/l) alone. Long-term cultured embryos showed profuse minute rooting on regeneration medium supplemented with N6 -benzyladenine (3 mg/l). Microshoots were rooted in the presence of indole-butyric acid (IBA) (2 mg/l). DNA samples from the mother plant and 18 randomly selected regenerated plants from a single callus were subjected to RAPD analysis with 6 arbitrary decamer primers for the selection of putative somaclones. A total of 64 band positions were scored, out of which 19 RAPD bands were polymorphic. From genetic similarity coefficient based on RAPD band data sharing, it was found that the majority of the clones were almost identical or more than 92% similar to the mother plant, except CL2 and CL9 (66%) which showed highest degree of genetic change with CL2 and CL9 showing presence of two non-parental bands each.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2006

This study was carried out to establish a reproducible culture system for callus formation and adventitious shoot development from young stem segments of Vigna radinta, and histological work for orgin of callus tissue and adventitious shoot. Induction of callus from young stem explants of Vigna radiata was very effective on MS inorganic salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin. For the adventitious shoot regeneration from the callus tissues, the hormone combination of 0.75 mg/L NAA, 1.5 mg/L kinetin and MS salts resulted in about 21% efficiency. Histological examination showed that callus tissues originated from out-growths by callus cambium rings with do novo meristematic activities, which were localized at the outside of the vascular cambium. Adventitious shoots were developed from shoot apical meristem originated from the surface of callus masses. The shoot apical meristem produced leaf primordium, which then became leaf.